Indian groundnut production: Growth, irrigation, and the role of sustainable agriculture in the future

S.K. Ramya; S. Sivakumar Kumar

doi:10.31893/multiscience.2026058

Keywords:

sustainable agriculture

Abstract

In this study, productivity, yield, and area covered under irrigation of the groundnut crop are the main emphasis areas, as it investigates the relationship between irrigation and groundnut production outcomes in India from 1950–51 to 2020–21. We estimated the average annual growth rate of groundnut productivity (yield) over the given period via the compound annual growth rate (CAGR). The calculated CAGR of approximately 2.49% indicates a positive and steady growth trajectory in groundnut output over the examined period. Regression analysis was used to examine the impact of irrigation on groundnut production via secondary data from government sources. According to the results, there is a strong positive association between groundnut production and irrigation, with irrigation levels accounting for approximately 50.3% of the production variance. The shade analysis performed in this study revealed patterns such as increasing irrigation coverage over time along with a steady increase in groundnut production over time. A 2020 study by Narayanamoorthy et al. revealed the groundbreaking effects of drip irrigation on groundnut production. The results of their research revealed that the use of flood irrigation techniques resulted in a large increase of 79% in groundnut yield and a remarkable decrease of 36% in water use. Farmers were able to increase their income through the use of drip irrigation since it reduced the costs of manpower, weeding, and intercultivation while simultaneously optimizing water utilization. This is consistent with the research that we have done using secondary data. This research recommends expanding access to modern irrigation methods, including drip and sprinkler systems, for farmers. These improvements can enhance sustainable agricultural practices and increase farmers' income by decreasing the consumption of water and input costs while increasing yields. In addition, future research may focus on examining differences between regions in the use of irrigation and the social and economic impacts of better irrigation systems in areas where groundnuts grow.
References
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2. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture Cooperation and Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. (n.d.). All-India area, production and yield of groundnut. Retrieved from https://desagri.gov.in
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4. ICAR-Krishi. (2018). Challenges and strategies for groundnut cultivation in Northeastern India. Retrieved from https://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/bitstream/123456789/20015/1/AAU2018.pdf
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7. Ma, C., Bantilan, S., & Reddy, A. A. (2012). Competitiveness and technical efficiency: Determinants in the groundnut oil sector of India. Food Policy, 37(3), 255–263.
8. Narayanamoorthy, A. (2004). Drip irrigation in India: Can it solve water scarcity? Water Policy, 6(2), 117–130.
9. Narayanamoorthy, A., Devika, N., & Suresh, R. (2020). Efficiency and viability of drip method of irrigation in groundnut cultivation: An empirical analysis from South India. Water Policy, 22(6), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2020.257
10. Panwar, P., Machiwal, D., Kumari, V., Kumar, S., Dogra, P., Manivannan, S., ... Singh, A. K. (2023). Sustainable water harvesting for improving food security and livelihoods of smallholders under different climatic conditions of India. Sustainability, 15(12), 9230. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129230
11. Pusadekar, N. N., Dangore, U. T., Baviskar, P. P., Gaware, U. P., & Pusdekar, M. G. (2020). Trend and decomposition analysis of groundnut in Gujarat. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(5S), 145–147. Retrieved from https://www.phytojournal.com
12. Ramteke, P., Navnage, N., Humane, A., & Wani, P. (2019). Potential role of micro irrigation for sustainable agriculture in India. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 7(5), 2594–2596.
13. Shenbagavalli, R., & Indradevi, S. (2016). Trend analysis of area, production, the productivity of groundnut crop in Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu. International Research Journal of India, 9.
14. Suthar, B., Pundir, R. S., Gundaniya, H., & Mishra, K. (2024). Growth and instability analysis of area, production and yield of groundnut in selected states of India. Environment Conservation Journal, 25(1), 192–198. https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJ.24692665
15. Thulasiram, R., Alagumani, T., Raman, M. S., & Parthasarathi, G. (2018). [Title of the article]. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, Special Issue-6, 351–357. http://www.ijcmas.com
16. Varasani, J. V., et al. (2016). Technical efficiency analysis of groundnut production in Saurashtra region of Gujarat. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 8(54), 2852–2858. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309384892
17. Viswanatha Reddy, K., & Kingsly Immanuelraj, T. (2017). Area, production, yield trends and pattern of oilseeds growth in India. Economic Affairs, 62(2), 327–334.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to cite

Ramya, S., & Kumar, S. S. (2025). Indian groundnut production: Growth, irrigation, and the role of sustainable agriculture in the future. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 8(1), 2026058. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2026058

[1] Agricultural & Processed Food Products Export Development Authority. (2020). Ground nut. APEDA. Retrieved from https://apeda.gov.in

[2] Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture Cooperation and Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. (n.d.). All-India area, production and yield of groundnut. Retrieved from https://desagri.gov.in

[3] ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research. (2021). Compendium on oilseed crops: Groundnut production in India. Retrieved from https://tilhantec.icar.gov.in/Compendium/2021/2021/2/2.5/2.5.pdf

[4] ICAR-Krishi. (2018). Challenges and strategies for groundnut cultivation in Northeastern India. Retrieved from https://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/bitstream/123456789/20015/1/AAU2018.pdf

[5] International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). (n.d.). Crops overview. Retrieved from https://icrisat.org

[6] Jagadesh, R., & Velavan, C. (2021). [Title of the article]. The Pharma Innovation Journal, SP-10(10), 992–995.

[7] Ma, C., Bantilan, S., & Reddy, A. A. (2012). Competitiveness and technical efficiency: Determinants in the groundnut oil sector of India. Food Policy, 37(3), 255–263.

[8] Narayanamoorthy, A. (2004). Drip irrigation in India: Can it solve water scarcity? Water Policy, 6(2), 117–130.

[9] Narayanamoorthy, A., Devika, N., & Suresh, R. (2020). Efficiency and viability of drip method of irrigation in groundnut cultivation: An empirical analysis from South India. Water Policy, 22(6), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2020.257

[10] Panwar, P., Machiwal, D., Kumari, V., Kumar, S., Dogra, P., Manivannan, S., ... Singh, A. K. (2023). Sustainable water harvesting for improving food security and livelihoods of smallholders under different climatic conditions of India. Sustainability, 15(12), 9230. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129230

[11] Pusadekar, N. N., Dangore, U. T., Baviskar, P. P., Gaware, U. P., & Pusdekar, M. G. (2020). Trend and decomposition analysis of groundnut in Gujarat. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(5S), 145–147. Retrieved from https://www.phytojournal.com

[12] Ramteke, P., Navnage, N., Humane, A., & Wani, P. (2019). Potential role of micro irrigation for sustainable agriculture in India. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 7(5), 2594–2596.

[13] Shenbagavalli, R., & Indradevi, S. (2016). Trend analysis of area, production, the productivity of groundnut crop in Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu. International Research Journal of India, 9.

[14] Suthar, B., Pundir, R. S., Gundaniya, H., & Mishra, K. (2024). Growth and instability analysis of area, production and yield of groundnut in selected states of India. Environment Conservation Journal, 25(1), 192–198. https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJ.24692665

[15] Thulasiram, R., Alagumani, T., Raman, M. S., & Parthasarathi, G. (2018). [Title of the article]. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, Special Issue-6, 351–357. http://www.ijcmas.com

[16] Varasani, J. V., et al. (2016). Technical efficiency analysis of groundnut production in Saurashtra region of Gujarat. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 8(54), 2852–2858. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309384892

[17] Viswanatha Reddy, K., & Kingsly Immanuelraj, T. (2017). Area, production, yield trends and pattern of oilseeds growth in India. Economic Affairs, 62(2), 327–334.

Abstract

References

How to cite