Fiqh Nusantara: Exploring the discourse and complexity of Indonesian Islamic jurisprudence

Nispul Khoiri; Muniruddin; Ahmad Muhajir; Mohd Roslan Bin Rosnon

doi:10.31893/multiscience.2025584

Keywords:

Fiqh Nusantara

Indonesian Islamic jurisprudence

'Urf and Fiqh

Muslim communities

Abstract

This article aims to explain the development and debates surrounding the discourse of Fiqh Nusantara, to trace its origins and characteristics as one of the parts of contemporary Islamic jurisprudence in Indonesia. Additionally, it profiles the practical and empirical experiences of the relationship between fiqh and 'urf by Muslim communities from the Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, Malay, Mandailing, and Minangkabau ethnic groups. This research employs an analytical-qualitative method that combines field and literature research. Primary data was collected through in-depth interviews with authoritative Muslim scholars, while secondary data was gathered from written sources. Both normative and empirical approaches were employed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the research object. The interactive analysis model was used to analyze the data into four components: data collection, reduction, display, and conclusion drawing and verification. This research found that Fiqh Nusantara is essential as it connects Islam with the sociocultural context of Nusantara. Fiqh Nusantara is the result of the integration between Islamic sharia and local culture, making it capable of resolving local issues and providing solutions that align with the characteristics of Nusantara society. Fiqh Nusantara represents a unique and dynamic form of Islamic jurisprudence that reflects the rich cultural and religious diversity of Indonesia. Fiqh Nusantara still represents another form of the Shafi'i Mazhab that, in the context of Indonesian society, is often pitted against other mazhab such as the Hanbali, Maliki, and Hanafi. The debates on Fiqh Nusantara inherit the bias of the Islam Nusantara debates up until today.
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How to cite

Khoiri, N., Muniruddin, Muhajir, A., & Bin Rosnon, M. R. (2025). Fiqh Nusantara: Exploring the discourse and complexity of Indonesian Islamic jurisprudence. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 7(10), 2025584. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2025584

[1] Al-Amidi, S. (1967). Al-Ihkam fi Ushul al-Ahkam. Muassasah al-Halabi.

[2] Alatas, I. F. (2021). What is religious authority?: Cultivating Islamic communities in Indonesia. Princeton University Press.

[3] Al-Zuhaili, W. (1986). Ushul al-Fiqh. Dar al-Fikr.

[4] As-Sayis, M. A. (1953). Tarikh al-Fiqh al-Islami. Maktabah wa al-Matba’ah Ali Sabit wa Auladuh.

[5] As-Sayis, M. A. (1970). Nasyah al-Fiqh al-Ijtihad wa Atwaruh. Majma’ al-Buhuth al-Islamiyah.

[6] Azra, A. (2002). Islam Nusantara: Jaringan global dan lokal. Mizan.

[7] Azra, A. (2015). Sustainable Indonesian Islam. Kompas.

[8] Bashori, A. (2021). Fikih Nusantara: Dimensi keilmuan dan pengembangannya. Prenada Media.

[9] Bashori, A. (2022). Konstruksi keilmuan Fikih Nusantara: Perspektif filsafat sains. DIKTUM: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum, 20(2), 184–203. https://doi.org/10.35905/diktum.v20i2.3373

[10] Baso, A. (2015). Islam Nusantara: Ijtihad jenius & ijma’ ulama Indonesia (Vol. 1). Pustaka Afid.

[11] Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1995). Handbook of qualitative research. Sage Publications.

[12] Djamil, F. (1997). Filsafat hukum Islam. Logos Wacana Ilmu.

[13] Hallaq, W. B. (1994). From fatwās to furūʿ: Growth and change in Islamic substantive law. Islamic Law and Society, 1(1), 29–65. https://doi.org/10.1163/156851994x00147

[14] Harisudin, M. N. (2016). ’Urf sebagai sumber hukum Islam (fiqh) Nusantara. Jurnal Ushuluddin: Media Dialog Pemikiran Islam, 20(1), 66–86. https://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/alfikr/article/view/2311/0

[15] Harisudin, M. N. (2017). Islām wa Fiqh Nusantara: Al-Tanāfus ‘alá al-huwīyah wa ‘alāqat al-sulṭah wa al-ramz al-dīnī li jam‘īyah Nahdlatul Ulama. Studia Islamika, 24(3), 503–554. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v24i3.4324

[16] Harisudin, M. N. (2018). Membaca masa depan “Islam dan Fiqh Nusantara”: Sebuah catatan pengantar. The International Journal of Pegon: Islam Nusantara Civilization, 1(1), 19–37. https://doi.org/10.51925/inc.v1i01.3

[17] Harisudin, M. N. (2021). The formulation of Fiqh Nusantara in Indonesia. Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan, 21(1), 39–58. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v21i1.39-58

[18] Hasyim, S. (2018). Islam Nusantara dalam konteks: Dari multikulturalisme hingga radikalisme. Gading.

[19] Ismail, S. M. (1985). Al-Tasyri’ al-Islami: Masadiruh wa Atwaruh. Maktabah al-Nahdah al-Misriyah.

[20] Kamil, S. (2022). Islam Nusantara: Antara teks, konteks keindonesiaan, dan kemodernan. Kompas Media Nusantara.

[21] Karim, H. (1994). Ijtihād al-‘Ulamā’ al-Indūnīsīyīn wa Taṭwīr al-Fiqh. Studia Islamika, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v1i2.858

[22] Kasdi, A. (2019). Reconstruction of Fiqh Nusantara: Developing the ijtihad methodology in formulating Fiqh from Indonesian perspective. QIJIS (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies, 7(2), 239–266. https://doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v7i2

[23] Lohlker, R. (2021). Fiqh reconsidered: Indigenization and universalization of Islamic law in Indonesia. Interdisciplinary Journal for Religion and Transformation in Contemporary Society, 7(1), 188–208. https://doi.org/10.30965/23642807-bja10011

[24] Lukito, R. (1998). Pergumulan antara hukum Islam dan adat di Indonesia. INIS.

[25] Maarif, A. S. (2009). Islam in the frame of Indonesianness and humanity: A reflection of history. Mizan in collaboration with the Maarif Institute.

[26] Masbukin. (2018). Rekonstruksi fiqh Islam: Menuju Fiqh Nusantara. Nusantara: Journal for Southeast Asian Islamic Studies, 14(1), 39–45. https://doi.org/10.24014/nusantara.v14i1.7136

[27] Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage.

[28] Mujieb, M. A. (1994). Kamus istilah fikih. Pustaka Firdaus.

[29] Mukri, M., Mustofa, I., & Fauzan, F. (2019). Constructing the epistemological aspect of Fiqh Nusantara. Akademika: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 24(1), 135–150. https://doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v24i1.1617

[30] Qaradawi, Y. (2006). Dirasah fi Fiqh Maqashid asy-Syariah. Dar asy-Syuruq.

[31] Rahman, Z. (2016). Fiqh Nusantara dan sistem hukum nasional: Perspektif kemaslahatan kebangsaan. Pustaka Pelajar.

[32] Shiddiqi, N. (1997). Fiqh Indonesia penggagas dan gagasannya: Biografi, perjuangan dan pemikiran Teungku Hasbi Ash-Shiddieqy. Pustaka Pelajar.

[33] Siraj, S. A. (2014). Islam sumber inspirasi budaya Nusantara: Menuju masyarakat mutamaddin. LTN NU.

[34] Susanto, E. (2015, December 28). Setelah Islam Nusantara, kini digagas Islam kepulauan. Tempo.co. https://nasional.tempo.co/read/730792/setelah-islam-nusantara-kini-digagas-islam-kepulauan

[35] Syah, A. (2009). Integrasi antara hukum Islam dan hukum adat dalam kewarisan Melayu. Cita Pustaka.

[36] Syarifuddin, A. (2009). Usul Fikih 2. Kencana.

[37] Ter Haar, B. (1981). Asas-asas dan susunan hukum adat (Beginselen en stelsel van Adatrecht). Pradya Paramita.

[38] Thalib, H. A. (1990). Tatbiq al-Syariah al-Islamiyah fi al-Bilad al-Arabiyah. Dar al-Nahdah al-Arabiyah.

[39] Wahid, A. (2001). Pergulatan negara, agama, dan kebudayaan. Desantara.

Abstract

References

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