• Abstract

    This study aimed to examine how factors like teaching preparation, digital learning facilities, and the quality of systems and information used in teaching affect teachers' digital competence and professional development. It also explored how these factors affect student learning outcomes of those enrolled in the teacher professional education program (PPG). The research used a quantitative approach, gathering data through questionnaires from 500 students. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) with the SmartPLS 3.0 software. The findings show that teachers' digital competence is significantly impacted by teaching preparation, system quality, digital facilities, and information quality in digital applications. Furthermore, teaching preparation and digital learning facilities positively affect teacher professional development, while system quality and information quality do not significantly impact it. Lastly, teachers' digital skills strongly influence both their professional development and student learning outcomes, and professional development in turn significantly affects student learning outcomes

  • References

    1. Aagaard, T., Amdam, S. H., Nagel, I., Vika, K. S., Andreasen, J. K., Pedersen, C., & Røkenes, F. M. (2024). Teacher preparation for the digital age: Is it still an instrumental endeavor? Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2024.2330927
    2. Adedoyin, O. B., & Soykan, E. (2023). Covid-19 pandemic and online learning: The challenges and opportunities. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(2), 863–875. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1813180
    3. Alenka Žerovnik. (2024) Technology-Enhanced Feedback System Usability in the Context of Self-Regulation Promotion. Educ. Sci. 2024, 14, 948. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/educsci14090948
    4. Alkhowailed, M. S., Rasheed, Z., Shariq, A., Elzainy, A., El Sadik, A., Alkhamiss, A., Alsolai, A. M., Alduraibi, S. K., Alduraibi, A., Alamro, A., Alhomaidan, H. T., & Al Abdulmonem, W. (2020). Digitalization plan in medical education during COVID-19 lockdown. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, 20, 100432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imu.2020.100432
    5. Almerich, G., Orellana, N., Suárez-Rodríguez, J., & Díaz-García, I. (2016). Teachers’ information and communication technology competences: A structural approach. Computers & Education, 100, 110–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.05.002
    6. Al-Shalabi, N. (2016). Teachers Are in Great Demand in the Digital Age. Arab World English Journal, 7(3), 51–64. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol7no3.4
    7. Alt, D. (2018). Science teachers’ conceptions of teaching and learning, ICT efficacy, ICT professional development and ICT practices enacted in their classrooms. Teaching and Teacher Education, 73, 141–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.03.020
    8. Althubyani, A. R. (2024). Digital Competence of Teachers and the Factors Affecting Their Competence Level: A Nationwide Mixed-Methods Study. Sustainability, 16(7), 2796. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072796
    9. Antonietti, C., Cattaneo, A., & Amenduni, F. (2022). Can teachers’ digital competence influence technology acceptance in vocational education? Computers in Human Behavior, 132, 107266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107266
    10. Audisio, Ariana, Taylor-Perryman, Rebecca, Tasker, Tim, & Steinberg, Matthew P. (n.d.). Does Teacher Professional Development Improve Student Learning? Evidence from Leading Educators’ Teacher Fellowship Model. https://doi.org/10.26300/AH2F-Z471
    11. Cabero-Almenara, J., Gutiérrez-Castillo, J.-J., Barroso-Osuna, J., & Rodríguez-Palacios, A. (2023). Digital Teaching Competence According to the DigCompEdu Framework. Comparative Study in Different Latin American Universities. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research, 12(2), 276–291. https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2023.7.1452
    12. Cahapay, M. B. (2020). Rethinking Education in the New Normal Post-COVID-19 Era: A Curriculum Studies Perspective. Aquademia, 4(2), ep20018. https://doi.org/10.29333/aquademia/8315
    13. De’, R., Pandey, N., & Pal, A. (2020). Impact of digital surge during Covid-19 pandemic: A viewpoint on research and practice. International Journal of Information Management, 55, 102171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102171
    14. Delone, & McLean. (2003). The DeLone and McLean Model of Information Systems Success: A Ten-Year Update. Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(4), 9–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2003.11045748
    15. Evens, M., Elen, J., Larmuseau, C., & Depaepe, F. (2018). Promoting the development of teacher professional knowledge: Integrating content and pedagogy in teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 75, 244–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.07.001
    16. Ewa Skantz-Åberg. (2022). Teachers’ professional digital competence: an overview of conceptualisations in the literature. Cogent Education, 9:1, 2063224, DOI: 10.1080/2331186X.2022.2063224
    17. Eze, S. C., Chinedu-Eze, V. C., & Bello, A. O. (2018). The utilisation of e-learning facilities in the educational delivery system of Nigeria: A study of M-University. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 15(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-018-0116-z
    18. Falloon, G. (2020). From digital literacy to digital competence: The teacher digital competency (TDC) framework. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(5), 2449–2472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09767-4
    19. Findeisen, S., & Seifried, J. (2023). Explaining skills of prospective teachers – Findings from a simulation study. Vocations and Learning, 16(2), 313–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-023-09319-w
    20. Florian H. Müller. (2021). University Students’ Basic Psychological Needs, Motivation, and Vitality Before and During COVID-19: A Self Determination Theory Approach. Front. Psychol. 12:775804. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.775804
    21. Ghomi, M., & Redecker, C. (2019). Digital Competence of Educators (DigCompEdu): Development and Evaluation of a Self-assessment Instrument for Teachers’ Digital Competence: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Supported Education, 541–548. https://doi.org/10.5220/0007679005410548
    22. Golob, H. M. (2012). The Impact of Teacher’s Professional Development on the Results of Pupils at National Assessment of Knowledge. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 47, 1648–1654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.878
    23. Hafeez, M. (2021). Impact of Teacher’s Training on Interest and Academic Achievements of Students by Multiple Teaching Methods. Pedagogical Research, 6(3), em0102. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/11088
    24. Hafiza Hamzah, N., Khalid M. Nasir, M., & Abdul Wahab, J. (2021). The Effects of Principals’ Digital Leadership on Teachers’ Digital Teaching during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Malaysia. Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, 8(2), 216–221. https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.509.2021.82.216.221
    25. Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7
    26. Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Qadri, M. A., & Suman, R. (2022). Understanding the role of digital technologies in education: A review. Sustainable Operations and Computers, 3, 275–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susoc.2022.05.004
    27. Instefjord, E. J., & Munthe, E. (2017). Educating digitally competent teachers: A study of integration of professional digital competence in teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 67, 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.05.016
    28. Lao, H. A. E., Ekosiswoyo, R., Sutarto, J., & Pramono, S. E. (2018). The Performance of Teachers in the Digital Era in Improving Learning Quality. Proceedings of the International Conference on Science and Education and Technology 2018 (ISET 2018). Proceedings of the International Conference on Science and Education and Technology 2018 (ISET 2018), Semarang, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.2991/iset-18.2018.46
    29. Lina Kaminskienė. (2022). How does technology challenge teacher education? Int J Educ Technol High Educ (2022) 19:64 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-022-00375-1
    30. Linda Juraković. (2022). Students’ Attitudes Towards Online Teaching and Communication During the Coronavirus Pandemic. Journal of Learning for Development, 9(2), 253-266.
    31. Liu, Y., Zhao, L., & Su, Y.-S. (2022). The Impact of Teacher Competence in Online Teaching on Perceived Online Learning Outcomes during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Moderated-Mediation Model of Teacher Resilience and Age. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(10), 6282. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106282
    32. Lucas, M., Bem-Haja, P., Siddiq, F., Moreira, A., & Redecker, C. (2021). The relation between in-service teachers’ digital competence and personal and contextual factors: What matters most? Computers & Education, 160, 104052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104052
    33. Masoumi, D., & Noroozi, O. (2023). Developing early career teachers’ professional digital competence: A systematic literature review. European Journal of Teacher Education, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2023.2229006
    34. Mercè Gisbert Cervera. (2015). Professional development in teacher digital competence and improving school quality from the teachers’ perspective: a case study. NEW APPROACHES IN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Vol. 4. No. 2. July 2015 pp. 115-122 ISSN: 2254-7399 DOI: 10.7821/naer.2015.7.123. DOI: 10.7821/naer.2015.7.123
    35. Mishra, L., Gupta, T., & Shree, A. (2020). Online teaching-learning in higher education during lockdown period of COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 1, 100012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2020.100012
    36. Modise, M. P. (2021). Postgraduate students’ perception of the use of e-portfolios as a teaching tool to support learning in an open and distance education institution. Journal of Learning for Development, 8(2), 283-297..
    37. Mohd Basar, Z., Mansor, A. N., Jamaludin, K. A., & Alias, B. S. (2021). The Effectiveness and Challenges of Online Learning for Secondary School Students – A Case Study. Asian Journal of University Education, 17(3), 119. https://doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v17i3.14514
    38. Montero-Mesa, L., Fraga-Varela, F., Vila-Couñago, E., & Rodríguez-Groba, A. (2023). Digital Technology and Teacher Professional Development: Challenges and Contradictions in Compulsory Education. Education Sciences, 13(10), 1029. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13101029
    39. Mukarromah, U., & Wijayanti, W. (2021). Implementation of the online learning at vocational high school during Covid-19: Between obligations and barriers. Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.21831/jpv.v11i1.37110
    40. Nagel, I., Guðmundsdóttir, G. B., & Afdal, H. W. (2023). Teacher educators’ professional agency in facilitating professional digital competence. Teaching and Teacher Education, 132, 104238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2023.104238
    41. Norhagen, S. L., Krumsvik, R. J., & Røkenes, F. M. (2024). Developing professional digital competence in Norwegian teacher education: A scoping review. Frontiers in Education, 9, 1363529. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1363529
    42. Nurdin, S. (2018). Pengembangan Kurikulum dan Rencana Pembelajaran Semester (RPS) Berbasis KKNI di Perguruan Tinggi. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam – Murabby, 1(2).
    43. Riady, Y., Sofwan, M., Mailizar, M., Alqahtani, T. M., Yaqin, L. N., & Habibi, A. (2023). How can we assess the success of information technologies in digital libraries? Empirical evidence from Indonesia. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 3(2), 100192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2023.100192
    44. Rice, M. F., & Ortiz, K. R. (2021). Evaluating Digital Instructional Materials for K-12 Online and Blended Learning. TechTrends, 65(6), 977–992. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-021-00671-z
    45. Richter, N. F., Sinkovics, R. R., Ringle, C. M., & Schlägel, C. (2016). A critical look at the use of SEM in international business research. International Marketing Review, 33(3), 376–404. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-04-2014-0148
    46. Sagita, M., & Khairunnisa, K. (2020). E-Learning for Educators in Digital Era 4.0. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(2), 1297–1302. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i2.974
    47. Sappaile, B. I., Lasinggaru, E. D. F., & Mokodenseho, S. (n.d.). Analyzing the Influence of Digital Learning Platforms on Student Engagement and Academic Performance. 1(06).
    48. Sartika, S. B., Suyidno, & Akbar Wiguna. (2024). The Analysis of Students Needed in Digital Teaching Media. JTP - Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 26(1), 44–62. https://doi.org/10.21009/jtp.v26i1.40737
    49. Serevina, V., Yolanda, N., & Tinura, V. (2020). Application of a Guided Inquiry Model to Improve the Learning Outcomes of Class XI Physics Students. Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 7th Mathematics, Science, and Computer Science Education International Seminar, MSCEIS 2019, 12 October 2019, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Proceedings of the 7th Mathematics, Science, and Computer Science Education International Seminar, MSCEIS 2019, 12 October 2019, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.12-10-2019.2296793
    50. Shi, D., & Maydeu-Olivares, A. (2020). The Effect of Estimation Methods on SEM Fit Indices. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 80(3), 421–445. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164419885164
    51. Stringer, L. R., Lee, K. M., Sturm, S., & Giacaman, N. (2024). The impact of professional learning and development on primary and intermediate teachers’ digital technologies knowledge and efficacy beliefs. The Australian Educational Researcher. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-024-00716-1
    52. Suzer, E., & Koc, M. (2024). Teachers’ digital competency level according to various variables: A study based on the European DigCompEdu framework in a large Turkish city. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12711-1
    53. Timotheou, S., Miliou, O., Dimitriadis, Y., Sobrino, S. V., Giannoutsou, N., Cachia, R., Monés, A. M., & Ioannou, A. (2023). Impacts of digital technologies on education and factors influencing schools’ digital capacity and transformation: A literature review. Education and Information Technologies, 28(6), 6695–6726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11431-8
    54. Tzafilkou, K., Perifanou, M., & Economides, A. A. (2023). Assessing teachers’ digital competence in primary and secondary education: Applying a new instrument to integrate pedagogical and professional elements for digital education. Education and Information Technologies, 28(12), 16017–16040. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11848-9
    55. Urhahne, D., & Wijnia, L. (2023). Theories of Motivation in Education: An Integrative Framework. Educational Psychology Review, 35(2), 45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09767-9
    56. Ventista, O. M., & Brown, C. (2023). Teachers’ professional learning and its impact on students’ learning outcomes: Findings from a systematic review. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 8(1), 100565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100565
    57. Vishnu, S., Raghavan Sathyan, A., Susan Sam, A., Radhakrishnan, A., Olaparambil Ragavan, S., Vattam Kandathil, J., & Funk, C. (2022). Digital competence of higher education learners in the context of COVID-19 triggered online learning. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 6(1), 100320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2022.100320
    58. Wallace, J., Scanlon, D., & Calderón, A. (2023). Digital technology and teacher digital competency in physical education: A holistic view of teacher and student perspectives. Curriculum Studies in Health and Physical Education, 14(3), 271–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/25742981.2022.2106881
    59. Wang, J., Liu, Y., Li, P., Lin, Z., Sindakis, S., & Aggarwal, S. (2024). Overview of Data Quality: Examining the Dimensions, Antecedents, and Impacts of Data Quality. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(1), 1159–1178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-022-01096-6
    60. Zeng, J. (2023). A theoretical review of the role of teacher professional development in EFL students’ learning achievement. Heliyon, 9(5), e15806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15806
    61. Zhang, Z. (2022). Toward the Role of Teacher Empathy in Students’ Engagement in English Language Classes. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 880935. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.880935
    62. Zhu, H., & Andersen, S. T. (2022). Digital competence in social work practice and education: Experiences from Norway. Nordic Social Work Research, 12(5), 823–838. https://doi.org/10.1080/2156857X.2021.1899967

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2025 The Authors

How to cite

Suyitno, S., & Dalhari, D. (2025). The Analysis of Digitalization-Based Teacher Education Models on Learning Outcomes, Digital Competence and Professional Development of Prospective Teachers. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, (| Accepted Articles). Retrieved from https://malque.pub/ojs/index.php/msj/article/view/6534
  • Article viewed - 191