Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of sea cucumber extract in mitigating hepatic TNF-α elevation induced by high-fat diet

Lestari Dewi; Roostantia Indrawati; Agung Sunarko Putra; Tamam Jauhar; Prajogo Wibowo; Indri N. Rahayu; Diah Purwaningsari; Judya Sukmana; Stefanus Djoni Husodo; Anak Agung Istri Agung  Srila Nataswari

doi:10.31893/multiscience.2025242

Keywords:

TNFα

sea cucumber

high-fat diet

Abstract

High-fat diets contribute to the generation of free radicals, which subsequently induce oxidative stress. Prolonged oxidative stress can lead to cellular necrosis and initiate inflammatory processes. The sea cucumber (Phyllophorus sp.) is known to contain flavonoids with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract from the sea cucumber on TNFα levels in the livers of rats subjected to a high-fat diet. A total of thirty male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), were randomly assigned to five groups: Negative Control (K-), Positive Control (K+), Treatment Group 1 (KP1), Treatment Group 2 (KP2), and Treatment Group 3 (KP3). The rats were subjected to a high-fat diet from day 8 to day 35. The ethanol extract of sea cucumber was administered at doses of 8.5 mg/kg BW (KP1) and 17 mg/kg BW (KP2), while simvastatin was administered to the KP3 group, from day 28 to day 35. On day 36 rat’s liver tissues were harvested for the quantification of TNFα levels using an ELISA. Data were analyzed using SPSS. The mean TNFα levels in the rat liver were recorded as follows: K(-) 65.20 ± 10.29, K(+) 172.08 ± 52.22, KP1 155.60 ± 47.75, KP2 71.79 ± 24.15, and KP3 79.90 ± 24.15. The high-fat diet significantly elevated hepatic TNFα levels in the K(+) group compared to the K(-) group. Additionally, there was no significant difference in TNFα levels between the KP2 group and both the negative control group and the simvastatin-treated group. The ethanol extract of sea cucumber demonstrates potential as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent, reducing hepatic TNFα levels in rats subjected to a high-fat diet.
References
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to cite

Dewi, L., Indrawati, R., Putra, A. S., Jauhar, T., Wibowo, P., Rahayu, I. N., Purwaningsari, D., Sukmana, J., Husodo, S. D., & Nataswari, A. A. I. A. . S. (2024). Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of sea cucumber extract in mitigating hepatic TNF-α elevation induced by high-fat diet. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 7(5), 2025242. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2025242

[1] Cichoż-Lach, H., & Michalak, A. (2014). Oxidative stress as a crucial factor in liver diseases. World journal of gastroenterology : WJG, 20: 8082-8091. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i25.8082

[2] Di Meo, S., & Venditti, P. (2020). Evolution of the Knowledge of Free Radicals and Other Oxidants. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2020: 9829176. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9829176

[3] Effendi, A., Iswahyudi, M., Cho, E., Kumala, S., & Sinaga, E. (2022). Supplementation of Bouea macrophylla Fruit Juice Prevent Oxidative Stress in Rats Fed with High-Fat High-Cholesterol Diet through Attenuation of Lipid Peroxidation. International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies, 4: 20-29. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijbpcs.2022.4.2.3

[4] Faulds, M. H., & Dahlman-Wright, K. (2012). Metabolic diseases and cancer risk. Current Opinion in Oncology, 24 (1): 58-61. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCO.0b013e32834e0582

[5] Grgić, J., Šelo, G., Planinić, M., Tišma, M., & Bucić-Kojić, A. (2020). Role of the Encapsulation in Bioavailability of Phenolic Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel), 9 (10). https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9100923

[6] Khotimchenko, Y. (2018). Pharmacological Potential of Sea Cucumbers. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19 (5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19051342

[7] Li, Y., Hruby, A., Bernstein, A. M., Ley, S. H., Wang, D. D., Chiuve, S. E., Sampson, L., Rexrode, K. M., Rimm, E. B., Willett, W. C., & Hu, F. B. (2015). Saturated Fats Compared With Unsaturated Fats and Sources of Carbohydrates in Relation to Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 66 (14): 1538-1548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.055

[8] Lobo, V., Patil, A., Phatak, A., & Chandra, N. (2010). Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 4 (8): 118-126. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.70902

[9] Louala, S., Mostefaoui, A., & Lamri-Senhadji, M. (2019). Low carbohydrate caloric restriction diet prevents non alcoholic fatty liver disease development, improves pro/antioxidant status and nitric oxide bioavailability in obese rat. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements, 11: e37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acvdsp.2019.05.104

[10] Maury, E., & Brichard, S. M. (2010). Adipokine dysregulation, adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 314 (1): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2009.07.031

[11] Mueller, A. M., Kleemann, R., Gart, E., van Duyvenvoorde, W., Verschuren, L., Caspers, M., Menke, A., Krömmelbein, N., Salic, K., Burmeister, Y., Seilheimer, B., & Morrison, M. C. (2021). Cholesterol Accumulation as a Driver of Hepatic Inflammation Under Translational Dietary Conditions Can Be Attenuated by a Multicomponent Medicine. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12: 601160. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.601160

[12] Muhammad Bilal, H., Sadia, H., Marwa, W., Ahsan, J., Muhammad Adil, F., & Ali, T. (2019). Bioavailability and Metabolic Pathway of Phenolic Compounds. In S.-H. Marcos, G.-M. Rosario, & P.-T. Mariana (Eds.), Plant Physiological Aspects of Phenolic Compounds (pp. Ch. 5). IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84745

[13] Nyambuya, T. M., Dludla, P. V., Mxinwa, V., & Nkambule, B. B. (2019). Obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance: A mini-review on T-cells. Metabol Open, 3: 100015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2019.100015

[14] Paredes, A. H., Torres, D. M., & Harrison, S. A. (2012). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clinics in Liver Disease, 16 (2): 397-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cld.2012.03.005

[15] Setiati, S., Alwi, I., Sudoyo, A. W., K, M. S., Setiyohadi, B., & Syam, A. F. (2016). Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid II Edisi VI. Interna Publishing.

[16] Shukla, R., Pandey, V., Vadnere, G., & Lodhi, S. (2019). Role of Flavonoids in Management of Inflammatory Disorders. In (pp. 293-322). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813820-5.00018-0

[17] Sukowati, Y., Johan, A., & Murwani, R. (2019). Ethanol Extracts of Ficus carica Fruit and Leaf Normalize High Serum Lipid Profile, TNF-α, and MDA due to High Fat Diet in Sprague Dawley Rat. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal, 7: 772-782. https://doi.org/10.12944/CRNFSJ.7.3.16

[18] Tampubolon, S. E., Siregar, G. A., & Dairi, L. B. (2018). Correlation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Serumlevelsin Non-Alcholic Fatty Liver Disease. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 17 (11): 64-69. https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-1711076469

[19] Upadhyay, J., Farr, O., Perakakis, N., Ghaly, W., & Mantzoros, C. (2018). Obesity as a Disease. Medical Clinics of North America, 102 (1): 13-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2017.08.004

[20] Wu, Y., Li, X., Tan, F., Zhou, X., Mu, J., & Zhao, X. (2021). Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC07 attenuates obesity, inflammation and dyslipidemia by modulating the antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet induced obese mice. J Inflamm (Lond), 18 (1): 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12950-021-00272-w

[21] Zălar, D.-M., Pop, C., Buzdugan, E., Kiss, B., Ștefan, M.-G., Ghibu, S., Bâlteanu, V.-A., Crişan, D., Buruiană-Simic, A., Ignat, A., & Mogosan, C. (2021). Pharmacological Effects of Methotrexate and Infliximab in a Rats Model of Diet-Induced Dyslipidemia and Beta-3 Overexpression on Endothelial Cells. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10: 3143. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10143143

[22] Zhao, Y. C., Xue, C. H., Zhang, T. T., & Wang, Y. M. (2018). Saponins from Sea Cucumber and Their Biological Activities. J Agric Food Chem, 66 (28): 7222-7237. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01770

Abstract

References

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