Perceptions toward achieving work-life balance and job satisfaction in online teaching

Maria N. Cusipag; Solomon  Oluyinka; Maria Teresa N. Bernabe; Filipinas L. Bognot

doi:10.31893/multiscience.2024012

Keywords:

higher education institutions

hybrid learning

online classes

in-person classes

Abstract

Online teaching has been implemented in the Philippines as a consequence of the critical global crisis that started in early 2020. Many higher education institutions still conduct online classes. However, research studies on employer’s support, workspace, and attitudes of students in relation to work-life balance and job satisfaction of teachers teaching online have been rarely explored, creating a gap in this area. Thus, the major objective of this study is to examine the perceived effects of employer’s support, workspace, and attitudes as teachers pursue work-life balance and job satisfaction in their online teaching job. A total of 256 responses extracted via the Google form link were analyzed with the aid of Smart PLS. Seven of the eight hypotheses tested were supported where p< 0.025, while one was not supported where p > 0.05. The findings revealed that work-life balance is positively influenced by workspace but not students’ attitudes; job satisfaction may be affected by workspace but not work-life balance and full support from an employer; and teaching online is positively affected by workspace and employer’s support but not students’ attitudes. In conclusion, teachers who teach online experience challenges but still manage to attain work-life balance and satisfaction from their job. For students who exhibit negative attitudes, this implies that teachers need to talk with them and find out their reasons for doing so. Making their lessons more interesting could minimize such problem. It is highly recommended that future researchers consider adding varied statistical tools, wider sampling of schools for their participants, and more teachers from community colleges and degree programs of higher education institutions. In order to validate the findings shown in the study, a replication may also be performed in a different region in the country.
References
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27. Hassan GA, Nuhu, M, Anuar BIK (2018) Analysis of library collection, e-resources, and librarian services quality on the satisfaction-students. DOI: 10.14419/ ijet.v7i4.38.27818
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29. Ilic-Kosanovic, T (2021) Work-life balance of teaching staff at higher education during Pandemic. DOI: 10.5937/SJEM2101064I
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34. Lund, DB (2003) Organizational culture and job satisfaction. DOI: 10.1108/0885862031047313
35. Lusa, S, Käpykangas, SM, Ansio, H, Houni, P, Uitti, J (2019) Employee satisfaction with working space and its association with well-being—A cross-sectional study in a multi-space office. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00358
36. Nakrošiene, A, Buciuniene, I, Goštautaite, B (2019) Working from home: Characteristics and outcomes of telework. International Journal of Manpower 40: 87-101.
37. Marx, CK, Mareike R, Martin D (2021) Do Work–Life -Measures Really_Matter? The Impact of flexible working-hours & home-based tele-working in preventing voluntary employee exits. Social Sciences 10: 9.
38. Maslow, HA (1943) A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review
39. Mishra, P, Koehler, M J (2006) Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00684
40. Naik, GL, Deshpande, M, Shivananda, DC, Ajey, CP, Manjunath PGC (2021) Online Teaching and Learning of Higher Education in India during COVID-19 Emergency Lockdown. Pedagogical Research 6.
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42. Oluyinka, S, & Cusipag, M (2021) Trialability and purposefulness: Their role towards google classroom acceptance following educational policy. Acta Informatica Pragensia 10: 172-191.
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50. Rinekso, AB, Muslim, AB, Lesagia, O (2021) Teaching online in pandemic time: The experience of Indonesian EFL teachers. English Teaching, Learning, and Research Journal 7:117-134.
51. Ringle, C, da Silva, D, Bido, D (2015) Structural equation modeling with the SmartPLS. Brazilian Journal of Marketing 13: 56-73.
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53. Schriesheim, C, Tsui, AS (1980) Development and validation of a short satisfaction instrument for use in survey feedback interventions. Western Academy of Management Meeting 115-117.
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55. Solomon, O, Alina, S, Eta, W, Ajagbe, AM (2014) Internet banking adoption in Nigeria: A literature review. 2014 International Conference on Computer, Intelligent Computing and Education Technology, Hong Kong. Available in: http://eprints.covenantuniversity. edu.ng/id/eprint/5150. Accessed on October 21, 2022.
56. Solomon, O (2021) Exploring the Facets of e-learning acceptance in developing country. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences 42: 854-861.
57. Solomon, O (2021) Mediating role of trust in internet banking acceptance. International Journal of Business Information Systems, 38:299-323.
58. Taherdoost, H (2016) Validity and reliability of the research instrument: How to test the validation of a questionnaire/survey in a research. How to test the validation of a questionnaire/survey in a research. Available in: http://papers.ssm.com. Accessed on July 11, 2022.
59. Yvonne L, Anja KA (2020) The non-use of telework in an ideal worker culture: why women perceive more cultural barriers. DOI: 10.1080/13668803.2020.1817726

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to cite

Cusipag , M. N., Oluyinka, S., Bernabe, M. T. N., & Bognot, F. L. (2023). Perceptions toward achieving work-life balance and job satisfaction in online teaching. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 6(1), 2024012. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024012

[1] Agboola OP (2022). The significance of rural markets as a public space in Nigeria. Habitat International,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0197397522000169

[2] Aguilera-Hermida PA (2020) College students’ use and acceptance of emergency online learning due to COVID-19. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijedro.2020.100011

[3] Al-Alawi, AI, Al-Saffar, E, Alomohammedsaleh, Z, Alotaibi, H, Al-Alawi, EI (2021) A study of the effects of work-family conflict, family-work conflict, and work-life balance on Saudi female teachers’ performance in the public education sector with job satisfaction as a moderator. Journal of International Women's Studies 22: 486-503.

[4] Ammons, SK, Markham WT (2004) Working at Home: Experiences of Skilled White Collar Workers. Sociological Spectrum 24: 191–238.

[5] Aropah, VDW, Sarma, M, & Sumertajaya, IM (2020) Factors affecting employee performance during work from home. International Research Journal of Business Studies 13: 201-214.

[6] Ayodele S, Endozo, A, Ogbari, ME (2018) A study on factors hindering online learning acceptance in developing countries. DOI: 10.1145/3290511.3290533

[7] Blackburn, JJ, Bunchm, JC, Haynes, JC (2017) Assessing the relationship of teacher self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and perception of work-life balance of Louisiana Agriculture Teachers. Journal of Agricultural Education 58: 14-35

[8] Campbell SC (2000) Work-family/-border theory: A new theory of work-life balance. DOI: 10.1177/0018726700536001

[9] Chand, S (n d) Theories of job satisfaction and their impacts on workers | employee management https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/employee-management/theories-of-job-satisfaction-and-their-impacts-on-workers-employee-management/29521#:~:text=Maslow's%20Theory%3 A&text=It%20is%20also%20relevant%20to,he%20wants%2Fhe%20becomes%20dissatisfied.

[10] CNN Philippines Staff. (2022) CHED won't require full face-to-face classes in universities, colleges. Available in: https://www.cnnphilippines.com/ news/ 2022/7/13/College-university-face-to-face-classes-COVID-19-pandemic-CHED.html Accessed on October 11, 2022.

[11] Bernardo J (2022). CHED prohibits full distance learning beginning 2nd

[12] semester of AY 2022-2023. Available in: https://directoryhub.ph/blog/ched-prohibits-full-distance-learning-beginning-2nd-semester-of-ay-2022-2023. Accessed on January 11, 2023.

[13] Currie, J Eveline, J (2011) E-technology work-life balance for academics with young children. Higher Education 62: 533-550.

[14] Chand, S (n d) Theories of job satisfaction and their impacts on workers | employee management https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/employee-management/theories-of-job-satisfaction-and-their-impacts-on-workers-employee-management/29521#:~:text=Maslow's%20Theory%3 A&text=It%20is%20also%20relevant%20to,he%20wants%2Fhe%20becomes%20dissatisfied.

[15] Dawis, RV, Lofquist, LH (n.d.). Minnesota Studies in Vocational Rehabilitation and Monograph XXIII, (A Revision). Available in: https://vpr.psych.umn.edu/theory-work-adjustment. Accessed on June 11, 2022.

[16] Dhawan, S (2020) Online learning: A panacea in the time of COVID-19 crisis. DOI: 10.1177/0047239520934018

[17] Di Blasio, S, Shtrepi, L, Puglisi, GE, & Astolfi, A (2019) A cross-sectional survey on the impact of irrelevant speech noise on annoyance, mental health and well-being, performance and occupants’ behavior in shared and open-plan offices. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16:280.

[18] Engelen, L, Chau, J, Young, S, Mackey, M, Jeyapalan, D, Bauman, A (2019) Is activity-based working impacting health, work performance and perceptions? A systematic review. Building Research & Information 47: 468-479.

[19] Fisher, GG, Bulger, CA, Smith, CS (2009) Beyond work and family: a measure of work/nonwork interference and enhancement. DOI: 10.1037/a0016737

[20] Fontinha, R, Van Laar, D, Easton, S (2018) Quality of working life of academics and researchers in the UK: the roles of contract type, tenure and university ranking. Studies in Higher Education, 43: 786-806.

[21] Gajendran, RS, Harrison, DA (2007) The good, the bad, and the unknown about telecommuting: meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology 92:1524.

[22] Golden, TD (2012). Altering the effects of work and family conflict on exhaustion: Telework during traditional and nontraditional work hours. DOI: 10.1007/s10869-011-9247-0

[23] Greenhaus, JH, Allen, TD (2011) Work-life balance: Definitions, Causes, and Consequences. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31438-5_20.

[24] Hair, J, Risher, J, Sarstedt, M, Ringle, C (2019) When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. DOI: 10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203

[25] Hafeez, U, Akbar, W (2015) Impact of work-life balance on job satisfaction among school teachers of 21st century. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research 4: 25-37.

[26] Hammer, LB, Neal, MB, Newsom, JT, Brockwood, KJ, Colton, CL (2005) A longitudinal study of the effects of dual-earner couples' utilization of family-friendly workplace supports on work and family outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology 90:799.

[27] Hassan GA, Nuhu, M, Anuar BIK (2018) Analysis of library collection, e-resources, and librarian services quality on the satisfaction-students. DOI: 10.14419/ ijet.v7i4.38.27818

[28] Herguner, G, Son, SB, Sinem, HS, Donmez, A (2020) The effect of online learning attitudes of university students on their online learning readiness. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology 19 :102-110.

[29] Ilic-Kosanovic, T (2021) Work-life balance of teaching staff at higher education during Pandemic. DOI: 10.5937/SJEM2101064I

[30] Irawanto, WD, Novianti, KR, Roz, K (2021) Work from home: Measuring satisfaction between work–life balance and work stress during the covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. DOI: 10.3390/economies9030096

[31] Kazekami, S (2020) Mechanisms to improve labor productivity by performing telework. Telecommunications Policy 44: 101868.

[32] Kowalski, KB, Swanson, JA (2005) Critical success factors in developing teleworking programs. Benchmarking: An International Journal 12: 236-249.

[33] Lott, Y (2020) Does flexibility help employees switch off from work? Flexible working-time arrangements and cognitive work-to-home spillover for women and men in Germany. DOI: 10.1007/s11205-018-2031-z

[34] Lund, DB (2003) Organizational culture and job satisfaction. DOI: 10.1108/0885862031047313

[35] Lusa, S, Käpykangas, SM, Ansio, H, Houni, P, Uitti, J (2019) Employee satisfaction with working space and its association with well-being—A cross-sectional study in a multi-space office. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00358

[36] Nakrošiene, A, Buciuniene, I, Goštautaite, B (2019) Working from home: Characteristics and outcomes of telework. International Journal of Manpower 40: 87-101.

[37] Marx, CK, Mareike R, Martin D (2021) Do Work–Life -Measures Really_Matter? The Impact of flexible working-hours & home-based tele-working in preventing voluntary employee exits. Social Sciences 10: 9.

[38] Maslow, HA (1943) A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review

[39] Mishra, P, Koehler, M J (2006) Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00684

[40] Naik, GL, Deshpande, M, Shivananda, DC, Ajey, CP, Manjunath PGC (2021) Online Teaching and Learning of Higher Education in India during COVID-19 Emergency Lockdown. Pedagogical Research 6.

[41] Neufeld, D. J., & Fang, Y. (2005). Individual, social and situational of telecommuter productivity. Information & Management, 42: 1037-1049.

[42] Oluyinka, S, & Cusipag, M (2021) Trialability and purposefulness: Their role towards google classroom acceptance following educational policy. Acta Informatica Pragensia 10: 172-191.

[43] Pineda, AJM, Mohamadc, AN, Solomon, O, Bircob, CNH, Superioe, MG, Cuencof, HO, Bognot, FL (2022) Exploring the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) of factors influencing e-book usage among CCA students in the Philippines. Indonesian Journal of Contemporary Education 4: 53-70.

[44] Pöysäri, A (2020) Cultural Aspects of Telecommuting: Does individualism affect telecommuting outcomes? Thesis, Aalto University.

[45] Raabe, IJ, Ehlert, A, Johann, D, Rauhut, H (2020) Satisfaction of scientists during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 7: 1-7.

[46] Rathnaweera, D, Jayathilaka, R (2021) In employees’ favour or not?—The impact of virtual office platform on the work-life balances. DOI: 10.1371/ journal.pone.0260220

[47] Rawal, DM (2021) Work life balance among female schoolteachers [k-12 ... Available in: https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org › covidwho-1085207. Accessed on August 21, 2022.

[48] Return to Work That Matters (n.d.) What is the effect of an employer being supportive, valuing and caring for their employees? Available in: http://www.rtwknowledge. org/browse. php?view_type= research&article_id=192). Accessed on August 21, 2022.

[49] Rhoades, L, Eisenberger, R (2002) Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology 87: 698-714.

[50] Rinekso, AB, Muslim, AB, Lesagia, O (2021) Teaching online in pandemic time: The experience of Indonesian EFL teachers. English Teaching, Learning, and Research Journal 7:117-134.

[51] Ringle, C, da Silva, D, Bido, D (2015) Structural equation modeling with the SmartPLS. Brazilian Journal of Marketing 13: 56-73.

[52] Rodríguez-Modroño, P, López-Igual, P (2021) Job quality and work—life balance of teleworkers. DOI:10.3390/ijerph18063239

[53] Schriesheim, C, Tsui, AS (1980) Development and validation of a short satisfaction instrument for use in survey feedback interventions. Western Academy of Management Meeting 115-117.

[54] Sirola, P , Ruohomäki, V , Lahtinen, M (2017) The contents of the university staff's work and experience of the renewed work environment. Psykologia, 52:4-22.

[55] Solomon, O, Alina, S, Eta, W, Ajagbe, AM (2014) Internet banking adoption in Nigeria: A literature review. 2014 International Conference on Computer, Intelligent Computing and Education Technology, Hong Kong. Available in: http://eprints.covenantuniversity. edu.ng/id/eprint/5150. Accessed on October 21, 2022.

[56] Solomon, O (2021) Exploring the Facets of e-learning acceptance in developing country. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences 42: 854-861.

[57] Solomon, O (2021) Mediating role of trust in internet banking acceptance. International Journal of Business Information Systems, 38:299-323.

[58] Taherdoost, H (2016) Validity and reliability of the research instrument: How to test the validation of a questionnaire/survey in a research. How to test the validation of a questionnaire/survey in a research. Available in: http://papers.ssm.com. Accessed on July 11, 2022.

[59] Yvonne L, Anja KA (2020) The non-use of telework in an ideal worker culture: why women perceive more cultural barriers. DOI: 10.1080/13668803.2020.1817726

Abstract

References

How to cite