A Characterization and Evaluation of the Ecotoxicity of Petroleum Refinery Effluents Using a Battery of Bioassays

Onyedikachi Ubani; Bright Obidinma Uba; Sekomeng Johannes Modise; Samson Ogagaoghene Egurefa; Micheal Uchenna Orji; Chinweike Unoma Dokubo

Keywords:

Allium cepa; Clarias batrachus; Dehydrogenase; Petroleum effluent; Toxicity.

Abstract

This study aimed to characterize and evaluate the ecotoxicity of petroleum refinery effluents using a battery of bioassays. A laboratory scale study was conducted on Port Harcourt (PH) and Warri petroleum refinery effluent samples using standard methods of physicochemical, and microbiological analysis, dehydrogenase inhibition test, Allium cepa test, and fish toxicity test. Five treatments and the control designs were set up in triplicates containing 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 100%, and 0% petroleum effluent concentrations and incubated at 25 ± 1°C for 2 h and 96 h, respectively. The results revealed that the Port Harcourt refinery effluent contained higher quantities of physicochemical parameters than the Warri effluent sample, with lower counts of hydrocarbons using bacteria and fungi in both samples. The results of Bacillus sp. dehydrogenase inhibition and Clarias batrachus toxicity revealed that the PH sample had the most harmful effects with EC₅₀ values of 17.01%, LC₅₀ values of 75.86 at 24, 48, and 72 h, and LC₅₀ of 50.12 at 96 h. The Warri sample had the most harmful effect on Allium cepa root with an EC₅₀ value of 94.7%, while the positive control (potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O7) had the most harmful effect on S. cerevisiae dehydrogenase with an EC50 value of 25.00% and LC₅₀ values of 11220.18 at 24 and 48 h, as well as LC₅₀of 7079.46 at 72 and 96 h. Inhibition (%), aberration (%), and mortality (%) correlated significantly (P < 0.05) positively with concentration. The toxicity threshold concentration values of < 1 EC₅₀/LC₅₀/TUa < 100 observed and recorded in the present study align with the toxicity data on untreated refinery industrial effluents, indicating probable toxic effects on the microbial community, plants, and animals. Therefore, the outcomes of this study suggest the deployment of strict measures to avoid future escalation in order to preserve our ecosystems.
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Ubani, O., Uba, B. O., Modise, S. J., Egurefa, S. O., Orji, M. U., & Dokubo, C. U. (2024). A Characterization and Evaluation of the Ecotoxicity of Petroleum Refinery Effluents Using a Battery of Bioassays. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, (| Accepted Articles). Retrieved from https://malque.pub/ojs/index.php/msj/article/view/3311

[1] Marcus, A. C., & Ekpete, O. A. (2014). Impact of discharged process wastewater from an oil refinery on the physicochemical quality of a receiving waterbody in Rivers State, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) 7, 01-08.

[2] Adewoye, S., Fawole, O., Owolabi, O., & Omotosho, J. (2006). Toxicity of cassava wastewater effluents to African catfish: Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science, 28(2), 189–194. https://doi.org/10.4314/sinet.v28i2.18254

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