Technical analysis and performance evaluation of retrofitted electric Auto Rickshaws (E-TAR) in rural India

Vilas Pharande; Mohammad Inamdar; Sagar Shinde; Yogesh Khairnar

doi:10.31893/multiscience.2024151

Keywords:

conventional three-wheel Auto Rickshaw (C-TAR)

electric three-wheel Auto Rickshaw (E-TAR)

retro-fitment

Abstract

India needs to electrify rickshaws because of the emissions produced by modern cars running on fossil fuels like gasoline and diesel. There are incentives, discounts, and exemptions available for the use of e-auto rickshaws. The production of electric vehicles has also been given a target by the Indian government. The Indian government has taken a number of steps to increase the availability of charging stations and a steady supply of electric cars (EVs). Even after taking all of these measures, there has been little adoption. For Indian auto drivers, the capital cost of purchasing an e-auto is expensive. To attain ideal performance, it is important to modify the present generation of traditional auto rickshaws using low-cost retrofitting. Retro-kit is created and evaluated for performance in this study by changing parameters.
References
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to cite

Pharande, V., Inamdar, M., Shinde, S., & Khairnar , Y. (2024). Technical analysis and performance evaluation of retrofitted electric Auto Rickshaws (E-TAR) in rural India. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 6(8), 2024151. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024151

[1] Automotive Industry Standards. (1999). Automotive Vehicles - Starting Gradeability - Method of Measurement and Requirements.

[2] Dalvi, G., & Pharande, V. (2021). Rechargeable Electrical Energy Storage System Development for an Electrical vehicle Retrofitment kit. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 8(9), 1884-1896.

[3] F. India. (2015). Scheme for faster adoption and manufacturing of (hybrid & and) electric vehicles in India. Gov. India New Delhi, India.

[4] Gawade, S., Bari, J., Anagolkar, N., & Ashok, D. (2019). To optimize the performance of the electric powertrain by tuning the CVT. IOP Conference Series. Materials Science and Engineering, 624(1), 012010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/624/1/012010.

[5] Gorantla, S., Attuluri, R., & Sirigiri, S. (2018). Design and development of an affordable plug-in/solar-assisted electric auto rickshaw. Modelling, Measurement, and Control. A, General Physics, Electronics, Electrical Engineering, 91(2), 41–47. https://doi.org/10.18280/mmc_a.910202.

[6] Harding, S. E., Badami, M. G., Reynolds, C. C. O., & Kandlikar, M. (2016). Autorickshaws in Indian cities: Public perceptions and operational realities. Transport Policy, 52, 143–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2016.07.013

[7] Hofman, T., van der Tas, S. G., Ooms, W., van Meijl, E. W. P., & Laugeman, B. M. (2009). Development of a microhybrid system for a three-wheeled motor taxi. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 3(3), 572–580. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj3030572.

[8] Kumar, P., & Chakrabarty, S. (2020). Total cost of ownership analysis of the impact of vehicle usage on the economic viability of electric vehicles in India. Transportation Research Record, 2674(11), 563–572. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198120947089.

[9] Loganathan, M. K., Mishra, B., Tan, C. M., Kongsvik, T., & Rai, R. N. (2021). Multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) for the selection of Li-ion batteries used in electric vehicles (EVs). Materials Today: Proceedings, 41, 1073–1077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.179.

[10] Mehta, R., Shah, P., Gupta, H., Bhat, P., Gandhi, V., Kale, K., Taldevkar, M., Singh, A., Ghoroi, C., Bhargav, A., & Karnik, A. (2014). Conversion of a CNG-powered auto rickshaw to an electric rickshaw designed for Indian conditions. SAE Technical Paper Series.

[11] Mishra, P., Saha, S.K., & Ikkurti, H.P. (2013). A Methodology for Selection of Optimum Power Rating of Propulsion Motor of Three Wheeled Electric Vehicle on Indian Drive Cycle (IDC).

[12] Nambiar, A. V., Lawrence P, E., John, J., Philip, N. V., Thomas, K. P., & Samuel, E. R. (2019). Economical electric rickshaw from conventional engine rickshaw. 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT).

[13] Patar, K. B., Kumar, RH P., Jain, R R. K., & Pati, S. (2018). Methodology for retrofitting electric power train in a conventional powertrain-based three-wheeler. J. Appl. Res. Ind. Eng., 5(3), 263–270.

[14] Ramchander, A., Bagrecha, C., & Talur, S. (2015). The financial well-being of auto drivers in Bangalore study was conducted under the research promotion scheme of AICTE. Int. J. Latest Technol. Eng., Manag. Appl. Sci., 25, 17-22.

[15] Santhanagopalan, S., Smith, K., & Neubauer, J. (2014). Design and analysis of large lithium-ion battery systems. Artech House.

[16] Singh, S., Mathur, A., Das, S., Sinha, P., & Singh, V. (2017). Development of a smart public transport system by converting the existing conventional vehicles to EVs in Indian smart cities. SAE Technical Paper Series.

[17] Sreejith R., & Rajagopal, K. R. (2016). An insight into motor and battery selections for three-wheeler electric vehicles. 2016 IEEE 1st International Conference on Power Electronics, Intelligent Control and Energy Systems (ICPEICES).

[18] Vaidehi, Dhar, S., Jayakumar, A., Lavanya, R., & Dinesh Kumar, M. (2021). Techno-economic assessment of various motors for three-wheeler E-auto rickshaw: From Indian context. Materials Today: Proceedings, 45, 6572–6579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.711.

[19] Warner, J. T. (2015). The handbook of lithium-ion battery pack design: Chemistry, components, types, and terminology. Elsevier Science Publishing.

Abstract

References

How to cite