Customisation and payload integration of hexacopter for enhanced grocery delivery

Sifti Arora; Efstratios Ntantis

doi:10.31893/multiscience.2024126

Keywords:

Abstract

The research paper aims to customize the DJI F550 drone for efficient grocery deliveries by incorporating an electrically controlled hook and integrating set coordinates, providing a systematic and precise framework for the drone's navigation and delivery operations. The objectives encompass constructing a hexacopter equipped with a servo hook for payload detachment, creating a mobile application for order management, demonstrating ground operations and communication, and analyzing stress and load-bearing capacity.The primary goal is to automate grocery delivery, ensuring a hassle-free experience for customers in all weather conditions while addressing minimal privacy concerns. The current paper advocates for Urban Logistics, striving to save human resources, reduce customer burden, shorten delivery times, enhance privacy, and minimise delivery risks. Additionally, it explores optimization, including the upgrade of the drone’s battery and remote controller. Stress analysis using CATIA and ANSYS software is presented providing valuable insights into the structural integrity of the drone, revealing key considerations for enhancing performance and reliability. Conclusively, this paper investigates future scalability and commercial applications, ultimately proposing a fully functional drone-based grocery delivery system to revolutionise traditional shopping experience.
References
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8. Boukoberine, M.N., Zhou, Z. & Benbouzid, M. (2019). A critical review on unmanned aerial vehicles power supply and energy management: Solutions, strategies, and prospects. Applied Energy, 255, 113823. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.apenergy.2019.113823.
9. Clarke, R. (2014). Understanding the drone epidemic. Computer Law & Security Review, 30(3), 230-246. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.clsr.2014.03.002.
10. Culver, K.B. (2014). From battlefield to newsroom: Ethical implications of drone technology in journalism. Journal of mass media ethics, 29(1), 52-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/08900523.2013.829679.
11. Daponte, P., De Vito, L., Glielmo, L., Iannelli, L., Liuzza, D., Picariello, F. & Silano, G. (2019). A review on the use of drones for precision agriculture. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 275(1), 012022. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/275/1/012022
12. Demir, K.A., Cicibas, H. & Arica, N. (2015). Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Domain: Areas of Research. Defence Science Journal, 65(4). 319-329. https://doi.org/10.14429/dsj.65.8631.
13. Drury, J.L. and Scott, S.D. (2008). Awareness in unmanned aerial vehicle operations. The International C2 Journal, 2(1),1-10.
14. Gevaers, R., Van de Voorde, E. & Vanelslander, T. (2009). Characteristics of innovations in last-mile logistics- mile using best practices, case studies, and linking with green and sustainable logistics. Association for European Transport and contributors, 1-21.
15. Giordan, D., Adams, M.S., Aicardi, I., Alicandro, M., Allasia, P., Baldo, M., De Berardinis, P., Dominici, D., Godone, D., Hobbs, P., & Lechner, V. (2020). The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for engineering geology applications. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 79, 3437-3481. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10064-020-01766-2.
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18. Gruber, S., Hager, C., Kwon, H., Sharma, R., Yoder, J. and Pack, D. (2012). Payload design of autonomous small UAVs. Air Force Academy Colorado Springs Co United States.
19. Gynnild, A. (2014). The Robot Eye Witness: Extending visual journalism through drone surveillance. Digital journalism, 2(3), 334-343. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2014.883184.
20. Hansen, J.P., Alapetite, A., MacKenzie, I.S., & Møllenbach, E. (2014, March 26). The use of gaze to control drones. ETRA ’14: Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. 27-34. https://doi.org/10.1145/2578153.2578156
21. He, Z. & Haasis, H.D. (2019). Integration of urban freight innovations: Sustainable inner-urban intermodal transportation in the retail/postal industry. Sustainability, 11(6), 1749. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061749.
22. Heutger, M. & Kückelhaus, M. (2014). Unmanned aerial vehicles in logistics: a DHL perspective on implications and use cases for the logistics industry. DHL Customer Solutions & Innovation, Troisdorf, Germany.
23. Kafle, N., Zou, B. & Lin, J. (2017). Design and modeling of a crowd source-enabled system for urban parcel relay and delivery. Transportation research part B: methodological, 99, 62-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2016.12.022
24. Kambire, P.S., Auti, A.S., Barge, A.A., & Badadapure, P.R. (2019). Drone Delivery System. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 6(6), 488-491.
25. Kardasz, P., Doskocz, J., Hejduk, M., Wiejkut, P., & Zarzycki, H. (2016). Drones and possibilities of their use. Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 6(3), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.1000233.
26. Kim, J., Moon, H. & Jung, H. (2020). Drone-based parcel delivery using the rooftops of city buildings: model and solution. Applied Sciences, 10(12), 4362. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10124362.
27. Lindley, J. & Coulton, P. (2015). Game of Drones. In Proceedings of the 2015 annual symposium on computer-human interaction in play, 613-618. https://doi.org/10.1145/2793107.2810300.
28. Mallick, T.C., Bhuyan, M.A.I. & Munna, M.S. (2016). Design & implementation of a UAV (Drone) with the flight data record. 2016 International Conference on Innovations in Science, Engineering and Technology (ICISET), Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICISET.2016.7856519.
29. Merkert, R. & Bushell, J. (2020). Managing the drone revolution: A systematic literature review into the current use of airborne drones and future strategic directions for their effective control. Journal of Air Transport Management, 89, 101929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101929.
30. Murray, C.C. & Chu, A.G. (2015). The flying sidekick traveling salesman problem: Optimisation of drone-assisted parcel delivery. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 54, 86-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.trc.2015.03.005.
31. Neitzel, F., & Klonowski, J. (2011). Mobile 3D mapping with a low-cost UAV system. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Science, 38, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XXXVIII-1-C22-39-2011
32. Ntalakas, A., Dimoulas, C.A., Kalliris, G., & Veglis, A. (2017). Drone journalism: Generating immersive experiences. Journal of Media Critiques, 3(11), 187-199. https://doi.org/10.17349/jmc117317
33. Park, S., Zhang, L. & Chakraborty, S. (2017). July. Battery assignment and scheduling for drone delivery businesses. 2017 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED). 1-6. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/ISLPED.2017.8009165.
34. Rao, B., Gopi, A.G. & Maione, R. (2016). The societal impact of commercial drones. Technology in Society, 45, 83-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2016.02.009.
35. Roca-Riu, M. and Menendez, M. (2019, May 15-17). Logistic deliveries with drones: State of the art of practice and research. In 19th Swiss Transport Research Conference, Ascona, Italy.
36. Rodrigue, J.P. (2020). The distribution network of Amazon and the footprint of freight digitalisation. Journal of transport geography, 88, 102825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102825.
37. Schneider, D. (2017). Air traffic control for delivery drones [Top Tech 2017]. IEEE Spectrum, 54(1), 32-33, January 2017, https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2017. 7802742.
38. Shah, M.K.N., Dutt, M.B.J. & Modh, H. (2016). Quadrotor – An unmanned aerial Vehicle. IJEDR, 2(1), 1299-1303.
39. Song, B.D., Park, K. & Kim, J. (2018). Persistent UAV delivery logistics: MILP formulation and efficient heuristic. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 120, 418-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2018.05.013.
40. Veroustraete, F. (2015). The rise of drones in agriculture. EC agriculture, 2(2), 325-327.
41. Wada, A., Yamashita, T., Maruyama, M., Arai, T., Adachi, H. & Tsuji, H. (2015). A surveillance system using small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) related technologies. NEC Technical Journal, 8(1), Special Issue on Solving Social Issues Through Business Activities 68-72.

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How to cite

Arora, S., & Ntantis, E. (2024). Customisation and payload integration of hexacopter for enhanced grocery delivery. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 6(7), 2024126. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024126

[1] Alkaabi, K., & Abuelgasim, A. (2017). Applying unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology for research and education in UAE. International Journal of Social Sciences Arts and Humanities, 5(1), 4-11.

[2] Allison, L., & Fuad, MM (2016). Inter-app communication between Android apps developed in app-inventor and Android studio. 2016 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Mobile Software Engineering and Systems (MOBILESoft), Austin, TX, USA, 2016, 17-18, https://doi.org/10.1145/2897073.2897117.

[3] Anderson, S., Allen, J., & Browne, M. (2005). Urban logistics––how can it meet policymakers’ sustainability objectives? Journal of transport geography, 13(1), 71-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2004.11.002.

[4] Anbaroğlu, B. (2017, October 14-17). Parcel delivery in an urban environment using unmanned aerial systems: a vision paper. 4th International GeoAdvances Workshop, Safranbolu, Karabuk, Turkey. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-4-W4-73-2017

[5] Bamburry, D. (2015). Drones: Designed for product delivery. Design Management Review, 26(1), 40-48. https://doi. org/10.1111/drev.10313.

[6] Bappy, A.M., Asfak-Ur-Rafi, MD., Islam, MD.S., Sajjad, A. & Imran, K.N. (2015). Design and development of unmanned aerial vehicles (Drone) for civil applications. [Bachelor of Science dissertation, BRAC University]. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/61806036.pdf.

[7] Barmpounakis, E.N., Vlahogianni, E.I., & Golias, J.C. (2016). Unmanned Aerial Aircraft Systems for transportation engineering: Current practice and future challenges. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology, 5(3), 111-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtst.2017.02.001.

[8] Boukoberine, M.N., Zhou, Z. & Benbouzid, M. (2019). A critical review on unmanned aerial vehicles power supply and energy management: Solutions, strategies, and prospects. Applied Energy, 255, 113823. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.apenergy.2019.113823.

[9] Clarke, R. (2014). Understanding the drone epidemic. Computer Law & Security Review, 30(3), 230-246. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.clsr.2014.03.002.

[10] Culver, K.B. (2014). From battlefield to newsroom: Ethical implications of drone technology in journalism. Journal of mass media ethics, 29(1), 52-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/08900523.2013.829679.

[11] Daponte, P., De Vito, L., Glielmo, L., Iannelli, L., Liuzza, D., Picariello, F. & Silano, G. (2019). A review on the use of drones for precision agriculture. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 275(1), 012022. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/275/1/012022

[12] Demir, K.A., Cicibas, H. & Arica, N. (2015). Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Domain: Areas of Research. Defence Science Journal, 65(4). 319-329. https://doi.org/10.14429/dsj.65.8631.

[13] Drury, J.L. and Scott, S.D. (2008). Awareness in unmanned aerial vehicle operations. The International C2 Journal, 2(1),1-10.

[14] Gevaers, R., Van de Voorde, E. & Vanelslander, T. (2009). Characteristics of innovations in last-mile logistics- mile using best practices, case studies, and linking with green and sustainable logistics. Association for European Transport and contributors, 1-21.

[15] Giordan, D., Adams, M.S., Aicardi, I., Alicandro, M., Allasia, P., Baldo, M., De Berardinis, P., Dominici, D., Godone, D., Hobbs, P., & Lechner, V. (2020). The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for engineering geology applications. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 79, 3437-3481. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10064-020-01766-2.

[16] Golhar, R.V., Vyawahare, P.A., Borghare, P.H., & Manusmare, A. (2016). Design and implementation of android Android-based mobile app for an institute. 2016 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimisation Techniques. 3660-3663. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEOT.2016.7755391.

[17] Goodchild, A. & Toy, J. (2018). Delivery by drone: An evaluation of unmanned aerial vehicle technology in reducing CO2 emissions in the delivery service industry. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 61, 58-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.02.017.

[18] Gruber, S., Hager, C., Kwon, H., Sharma, R., Yoder, J. and Pack, D. (2012). Payload design of autonomous small UAVs. Air Force Academy Colorado Springs Co United States.

[19] Gynnild, A. (2014). The Robot Eye Witness: Extending visual journalism through drone surveillance. Digital journalism, 2(3), 334-343. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2014.883184.

[20] Hansen, J.P., Alapetite, A., MacKenzie, I.S., & Møllenbach, E. (2014, March 26). The use of gaze to control drones. ETRA ’14: Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. 27-34. https://doi.org/10.1145/2578153.2578156

[21] He, Z. & Haasis, H.D. (2019). Integration of urban freight innovations: Sustainable inner-urban intermodal transportation in the retail/postal industry. Sustainability, 11(6), 1749. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061749.

[22] Heutger, M. & Kückelhaus, M. (2014). Unmanned aerial vehicles in logistics: a DHL perspective on implications and use cases for the logistics industry. DHL Customer Solutions & Innovation, Troisdorf, Germany.

[23] Kafle, N., Zou, B. & Lin, J. (2017). Design and modeling of a crowd source-enabled system for urban parcel relay and delivery. Transportation research part B: methodological, 99, 62-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2016.12.022

[24] Kambire, P.S., Auti, A.S., Barge, A.A., & Badadapure, P.R. (2019). Drone Delivery System. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 6(6), 488-491.

[25] Kardasz, P., Doskocz, J., Hejduk, M., Wiejkut, P., & Zarzycki, H. (2016). Drones and possibilities of their use. Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 6(3), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.1000233.

[26] Kim, J., Moon, H. & Jung, H. (2020). Drone-based parcel delivery using the rooftops of city buildings: model and solution. Applied Sciences, 10(12), 4362. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10124362.

[27] Lindley, J. & Coulton, P. (2015). Game of Drones. In Proceedings of the 2015 annual symposium on computer-human interaction in play, 613-618. https://doi.org/10.1145/2793107.2810300.

[28] Mallick, T.C., Bhuyan, M.A.I. & Munna, M.S. (2016). Design & implementation of a UAV (Drone) with the flight data record. 2016 International Conference on Innovations in Science, Engineering and Technology (ICISET), Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICISET.2016.7856519.

[29] Merkert, R. & Bushell, J. (2020). Managing the drone revolution: A systematic literature review into the current use of airborne drones and future strategic directions for their effective control. Journal of Air Transport Management, 89, 101929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101929.

[30] Murray, C.C. & Chu, A.G. (2015). The flying sidekick traveling salesman problem: Optimisation of drone-assisted parcel delivery. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 54, 86-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.trc.2015.03.005.

[31] Neitzel, F., & Klonowski, J. (2011). Mobile 3D mapping with a low-cost UAV system. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Science, 38, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XXXVIII-1-C22-39-2011

[32] Ntalakas, A., Dimoulas, C.A., Kalliris, G., & Veglis, A. (2017). Drone journalism: Generating immersive experiences. Journal of Media Critiques, 3(11), 187-199. https://doi.org/10.17349/jmc117317

[33] Park, S., Zhang, L. & Chakraborty, S. (2017). July. Battery assignment and scheduling for drone delivery businesses. 2017 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED). 1-6. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/ISLPED.2017.8009165.

[34] Rao, B., Gopi, A.G. & Maione, R. (2016). The societal impact of commercial drones. Technology in Society, 45, 83-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2016.02.009.

[35] Roca-Riu, M. and Menendez, M. (2019, May 15-17). Logistic deliveries with drones: State of the art of practice and research. In 19th Swiss Transport Research Conference, Ascona, Italy.

[36] Rodrigue, J.P. (2020). The distribution network of Amazon and the footprint of freight digitalisation. Journal of transport geography, 88, 102825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102825.

[37] Schneider, D. (2017). Air traffic control for delivery drones [Top Tech 2017]. IEEE Spectrum, 54(1), 32-33, January 2017, https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2017. 7802742.

[38] Shah, M.K.N., Dutt, M.B.J. & Modh, H. (2016). Quadrotor – An unmanned aerial Vehicle. IJEDR, 2(1), 1299-1303.

[39] Song, B.D., Park, K. & Kim, J. (2018). Persistent UAV delivery logistics: MILP formulation and efficient heuristic. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 120, 418-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2018.05.013.

[40] Veroustraete, F. (2015). The rise of drones in agriculture. EC agriculture, 2(2), 325-327.

[41] Wada, A., Yamashita, T., Maruyama, M., Arai, T., Adachi, H. & Tsuji, H. (2015). A surveillance system using small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) related technologies. NEC Technical Journal, 8(1), Special Issue on Solving Social Issues Through Business Activities 68-72.

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References

How to cite