Antimicrobial susceptibility of major bacterial pathogens isolated from bovine mastitis in Bench Maji zone, Southwest Ethiopia

Teshome Gemechu Chawicha; Hasen Awl Yunus; Murga Soma

doi:10.29327/multiscience.2021010

Keywords:

Abstract

Bovine mastitis is a potentially fatal mammary gland due to physical trauma or microorganisms infections. It is the most widespread, costly disease in dairy farms and a great concern for many producers in developing countries like Ethiopia. The study was conducted to test the antimicrobial susceptibility of identified pathogens from mastitic cattle. Out of 384 lactating cows examined in the course of the study period, 116 (30.21%) cows had mastitis. The results of bacteriological analysis of cultured milk samples had shown three major strains of pathogenic bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli were isolated from 81 cows, 48 bacterial isolates (59.26 %) were identified as S. aureus, 31 bacterial isolates (38.27%) were identified as Str. agalactiae and two bacterial isolates (2.47%) were identified E. coli (2.47%). The antimicrobial agents used were gentamycin, kanamycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin amoxicillin, penicillin and ampicillin. The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test showed some degree of resistance in varying proportions of isolates. Some of the bacterial isolates exhibited even resistance to two or more antibiotics. S. aureus represented 95.8 % of the total isolates, was found resistant to penicillin while 93.7% of the total isolates were found sensitive to gentamycin. On the other hand, from the total isolates of Str. agalactiae, the maximum resistance was recorded in ampicillin (35.5%), and sensitivity was recorded in penicillin (83.9%). All of the E. coli isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, ampicillin, and penicillin while all of them were susceptible to gentamycin and streptomycin. The average susceptibility of S. aureus, Str. agalactiae and E. coli strains to all antimicrobials tested in this study were 37.5%, 41.9% and 37.5%, respectively. In comparison, the average resistivity of all antimicrobials tested was 41.4%, 13.3%, and 43.8% of S. aureus, Str. agalactiae and E. coli, respectively. For the bacterial isolates tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, gentamycin, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin were the drugs more active, while the majority of isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, ampicillin, and penicillin. This antibiotic resistance development among these bacteria may pose a problem of concern. Hence, the use of antimicrobials in both the treatment and prevention of intra-mammary infections must be based on in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test.
References
1. Abera M, Demiel B, Aragaw K, Regassa F, Regassa A (2010) Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis milk and their drug resistance pattern in Adama town, Ethiopia. J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health 2:29-34.
2. Barkema HW, Schukken YH, Zadoks RN (2006) Invited review: The role of cow, pathogen, and treatment regimen in the therapeutic success of bovine mastitis. Staphylococcus aureus 89:1877-1895.
3. Biffa D, Debela E, Beyene F (2005) Prevalence and risk factors of mastitis in lactating dairy cows in southern Ethiopia. International. Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine 3:189-198.
4. Begum HA, Uddin MS, Islam MJ, Nazir KHMNH, Islam MA, Islam MT (2007) Detection of biofilm producing coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis, their pigment production, hemolytic activity and antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Journal of Bangladesh Society for Agricultural Science and Technology 4:97-100.
5. Birhanu A, Diriba L, Iyob I (2013) Study of bovine mastitis in Asella government dairy farm of Oromia Regional state, South Eastern Ethiopia. Int. J. Curr. Res. Acad. Rev. 1:1343-145.
6. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2008) Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from Animals. In: Approved standard M31-A3 (3rd ed). Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA, pp 65-72.
7. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2015) Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Fifth Informational Supplement. CLSI document M100-S25. CLSI, 950 West Valley Road, Suite 2500, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087 USA.
8. Central Statistical Agency (CSA) (2018/19) Agricultural Sample Survey. Report on Livestock and Livestock Characteristics; Statistical Bulletin #588; Central Statistical Agency: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
9. Global Agricultural Information Network (GAIN) (2016) USDA foreign Agricultural service. GAIN report number: ET1602.
10. Green M, Bradely A (2004) Clinical Forum- Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in cattle. UK. VET. 9:4.
11. Mueena J, Marzia RMD, Shafiullah P, Shah MD, Ziqru H, Chowdhury MD, Enamul HMD, Abdul KT, Sultan A (2015) Isolation and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from raw cow milk in Bangladesh. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res. 2:49-55
12. National Mastitis Council (NMC) (1990) Microbiological procedures for the diagnosis of bovine udder infection. 3rd. Arlington, VA, USA: National Mastitis Council Inc.
13. Quinn PJ, Carter ME, Markey B, Carter GR (1994) Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. Wilfe Publishing, London pp 95-101.
14. Quinn PJ, Carter ME, Markey B, Carter GR (1999) Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. Harcourt Publishers Ltd, London.
15. Quinn PBK, Markey ME, Carter, Donnelly WJC, Leonard FC, Maguire D (2002). Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Diseases. 1st Published Blackwell Science Ltd.
16. Radostits OM, Blood DC, Gay CC (1994) Veterinary Medicine: A text book of the diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses. 8th ed. Bailliere Tindall, London 8:563-613.
17. Radostits OM, Gay CC, Blood DC, Hinchlif KW (2007) Mastitis. In: Veterinary Medicine 9th ed. Harcourt Ltd, London, pp 174-758.
18. Seegers H, Fourichon C, Beaudeau F (2003) Production effects related to mastitis and mastitis economics in dairy cattle herds. Veterinary Research. 34:475-491.

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How to cite

Chawicha, T. G., Yunus, H. A., & Soma, M. (2021). Antimicrobial susceptibility of major bacterial pathogens isolated from bovine mastitis in Bench Maji zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 3(2), 2021010. https://doi.org/10.29327/multiscience.2021010

[1] Abera M, Demiel B, Aragaw K, Regassa F, Regassa A (2010) Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis milk and their drug resistance pattern in Adama town, Ethiopia. J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health 2:29-34.

[2] Barkema HW, Schukken YH, Zadoks RN (2006) Invited review: The role of cow, pathogen, and treatment regimen in the therapeutic success of bovine mastitis. Staphylococcus aureus 89:1877-1895.

[3] Biffa D, Debela E, Beyene F (2005) Prevalence and risk factors of mastitis in lactating dairy cows in southern Ethiopia. International. Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine 3:189-198.

[4] Begum HA, Uddin MS, Islam MJ, Nazir KHMNH, Islam MA, Islam MT (2007) Detection of biofilm producing coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis, their pigment production, hemolytic activity and antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Journal of Bangladesh Society for Agricultural Science and Technology 4:97-100.

[5] Birhanu A, Diriba L, Iyob I (2013) Study of bovine mastitis in Asella government dairy farm of Oromia Regional state, South Eastern Ethiopia. Int. J. Curr. Res. Acad. Rev. 1:1343-145.

[6] Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2008) Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from Animals. In: Approved standard M31-A3 (3rd ed). Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA, pp 65-72.

[7] Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2015) Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Fifth Informational Supplement. CLSI document M100-S25. CLSI, 950 West Valley Road, Suite 2500, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087 USA.

[8] Central Statistical Agency (CSA) (2018/19) Agricultural Sample Survey. Report on Livestock and Livestock Characteristics; Statistical Bulletin #588; Central Statistical Agency: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

[9] Global Agricultural Information Network (GAIN) (2016) USDA foreign Agricultural service. GAIN report number: ET1602.

[10] Green M, Bradely A (2004) Clinical Forum- Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in cattle. UK. VET. 9:4.

[11] Mueena J, Marzia RMD, Shafiullah P, Shah MD, Ziqru H, Chowdhury MD, Enamul HMD, Abdul KT, Sultan A (2015) Isolation and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from raw cow milk in Bangladesh. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res. 2:49-55

[12] National Mastitis Council (NMC) (1990) Microbiological procedures for the diagnosis of bovine udder infection. 3rd. Arlington, VA, USA: National Mastitis Council Inc.

[13] Quinn PJ, Carter ME, Markey B, Carter GR (1994) Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. Wilfe Publishing, London pp 95-101.

[14] Quinn PJ, Carter ME, Markey B, Carter GR (1999) Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. Harcourt Publishers Ltd, London.

[15] Quinn PBK, Markey ME, Carter, Donnelly WJC, Leonard FC, Maguire D (2002). Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Diseases. 1st Published Blackwell Science Ltd.

[16] Radostits OM, Blood DC, Gay CC (1994) Veterinary Medicine: A text book of the diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses. 8th ed. Bailliere Tindall, London 8:563-613.

[17] Radostits OM, Gay CC, Blood DC, Hinchlif KW (2007) Mastitis. In: Veterinary Medicine 9th ed. Harcourt Ltd, London, pp 174-758.

[18] Seegers H, Fourichon C, Beaudeau F (2003) Production effects related to mastitis and mastitis economics in dairy cattle herds. Veterinary Research. 34:475-491.

Abstract

References

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