Assessing the effectiveness of the RIAS (reading, identification, analysis, self-reflection) learning model in enhancing student discipline

Eka Novitandari; Mochamad Nursalim; Diana Rahmasari

doi:10.31893/multiscience.2026447

Keywords:

RIAS learning model

discipline

character education

quasi-experimental study

student behavior

Abstract

This study examines the effectiveness of the RIAS (Reading, Identification, Analysis, and Self-Reflection) learning model in improving student discipline, which is a fundamental component of character education and a critical determinant of academic success. Discipline is not limited to compliance with school rules; it also encompasses self-control, accountability, perseverance, and time management skills that support long-term personal and educational development. However, observations in elementary schools reveal ongoing challenges in cultivating these behaviors, including student tardiness, limited adherence to classroom norms, poor task responsibility, and minimal engagement in learning activities. To address these concerns, a quasi-experimental method was adopted using a nonequivalent pretest–posttest control group design. A total of 130 students participated, divided equally into an experimental group taught using the RIAS model and a control group that received conventional instruction. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, tests of normality and homogeneity, and an Independent Samples T-Test with a 5% significance level. The results show that both groups had comparable pretest scores, indicating similar baseline abilities. However, significant differences emerged in the posttest, with the experimental group achieving a higher mean score (81.62) compared with the control group (75.92). These findings demonstrate that the RIAS model effectively strengthens student discipline by fostering structured learning routines, enhancing critical thinking, and encouraging reflective practices. The study concludes that the RIAS learning model is a promising pedagogical approach for supporting the development of both academic competencies and disciplined character. Future studies are encouraged to investigate its implementation across various educational levels and subject areas to broaden its applicability and ensure sustainable, long-term impact.
References
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2. Suwandi, E., Masrokan Mutohar, P., & Eko Suijianto, A. (2023). Implementasi customer relationship management (CRM) dalam meningkatkan pelayanan dan loyalitas pelanggan. JMPI: Jurnal Manajemen, Pendidikan dan Pemikiran Islam, 1(1), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.71305/jmpi.v1i1.24
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5. Briganti, A. (2025). Implementation of inclusive education for students with special needs in public schools: A qualitative study. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.71305/ijir.v1i1.224
6. Cahya, S. B. (2017). Pengaruh disiplin dan partisipasi siswa terhadap prestasi belajar melaksanakan komunikasi bisnis siswa SMK di Kecamatan Dawarblandong dengan percaya diri sebagai variabel moderasi. Jurnal Ekonomi Pendidikan dan Kewirausahaan, 3(1), 48–60. https://doi.org/10.26740/jepk.v3n1.p48-60
7. Castara, T. I., & Aliyyah, R. R. (2024). Kedisiplinan siswa: Strategi guru dalam menerapkan praktik baik di sekolah dasar. Karimah Tauhid, 3(1), 428–451. https://doi.org/10.30997/karimahtauhid.v3i1.11661
8. Dewi, D. R., Muhlisin, A., & Rahayu, R. (2021). Pengembangan bahan ajar IPA berbasis RIAS pada tema global warming untuk meningkatkan kreativitas peserta didik. Edu Sains: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & Matematika, 9(2), 124–129. https://doi.org/10.23971/eds.v9i2.3922
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10. Fadilah, A. M., Muhlisin, A., & Ismawati, R. (2024). Development of an ethnoscience-based integrated science module with RIAS learning model to improve students’ critical thinking ability. Phenomenon: Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA, 13(2), 264–282. https://doi.org/10.21580/phen.2023.13.2.16931
11. Gustiana, L., Daharnis, D., & Marjohan, M. (2019). Improving discipline analysis of high school students with guidance and counseling approaches. International Journal of Research in Counseling and Education, 4(1), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.24036/00173za0002
12. Gribbons, B., & Herman, J. (2019). True and quasi-experimental designs. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 5(14), 26–37. https://doi.org/10.7275/fs4z-nb61
13. Habibulloh, M. (2024). The role of Islamic education in building interreligious tolerance in Indonesia. IJEMR: International Journal of Education Management and Religion, 1(2), 63–82. https://doi.org/10.71305/ijemr.v1i2.103
14. Habibulloh, M., Sholeh, M. I., & Idawati, K. (2024). Exploring technological innovations and approaches in modern education. SAHRI: Journal of Studies in Academic, Humanities, Research, and Innovation, 1(1), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.71305/sahri.v1i1.129
15. Habibulloh, M. (2025). Teachers’ professional development and its influence on teaching innovation in rural schools. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.64084/ijmri.v1i1.46
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19. Johnson, E., Mendoza, C., & Sobirin, M. S. (2024). Strategies of school principals in improving educational quality: An analysis of best practices in American schools. JMPI: Jurnal Manajemen, Pendidikan dan Pemikiran Islam, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.71305/jmpi.v2i2.84
20. Loewen, S., & Plonsky, L. (2016). An A–Z of applied linguistics research methods. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-40322-3_1
21. Mahbubi, M., Cholili, A. H., & Huda, A. A. S. (2025). Enhancing educational quality through effective communication in private universities. Journal of Education and Learning Sciences, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.56404/jels.v5i1.124
22. Maghfiroh, N., & El-Yunusi, M. Y. M. (2024). Strategi pengelolaan kelas dalam meningkatkan disiplin belajar siswa di MI Darul Ulum Lajuk Sidoarjo. Indonesian Research Journal on Education, 4(4), 2960–2965. https://doi.org/10.54459/aktualita.v13i1.526
23. Muh Ibnu Sholeh, Sokip, Asrop Syafi’i, & Sulistyorini. (2024). Artificial intelligence in education: Transforming assessment and personalized learning. Journal of Education and Learning Sciences, 4(1), 50–62. https://doi.org/10.56404/jels.v4i1.118
24. Muhlisin, A., Sarwanti, S., Jalunggono, G., Yusliwidaka, A., Mazid, S., & Nufus, A. B. (2021). RIAS learning model: A character education innovation. Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Pendidikan, 13(1), 660–667. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v13i1.520
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26. Nita Agustina Nurlaila Eka Erfiana, & Nabila Mareza. (2023). Pendampingan guru MI/SD dalam pengelolaan pembelajaran abad 21 di SDI Al-Munawwar Tulungagung. The Elementary Journal, 1(1), 39–44. https://doi.org/10.56404/tej.v1i1.50
27. Pinta, D. L., Sunardin, & Kilawati, A. (2024). Analisis faktor penyebab rendahnya karakter disiplin pada siswa kelas III UPT SD Negeri 010 Rante Bone Kabupaten Luwu Utara. Prosiding Konferensi Ilmiah Dasar, 5, 539–549.
28. Pervin, N. (2025). Higher education policy in Bangladesh: A philosophical and practitioner’s perspective on initiation, formulation, and implementation. Journal of Education and Learning Sciences, 5(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.56404/jels.v5i2.176
29. Rahmawati, Y. (2023). Peran pendidikan sosial dalam membentuk karakter individu. JUPSI: Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial Indonesia, 1(2), 41–46. https://doi.org/10.62238/jupsijurnalpendidikansosialindonesia.v1i2.56
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31. Sisilia Putri Adinda. (2025). Revisiting the equity promise of school zoning policies in Indonesia: Between idealism and implementation. JUPSI: Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial Indonesia, 3(2), 78–87. https://doi.org/10.62238/jupsi.v3i2.214
32. Sobri, M., Nursaptini, Widodo, A., & Sutisna, D. (2024). Pembentukan karakter disiplin siswa kelas VI melalui kultur sekolah. Jurnal Penelitian Bidang Pendidikan, 30(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.24114/jpbp.v30i1.55059
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36. Syafi’i, A., El-Yunusi, M. Y. M., & Sholeh, I. (2024). Religious considerations in educational policy in a multicultural society. IJEMR: International Journal of Education Management and Religion, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.71305/ijemr.v1i2.137
37. Syafi’i, A., Nur, ‘Azah, & Arifin, Z. (2024). Developing global competencies in teacher education for 21st century learning environments. JTL: Journal of Teaching and Learning, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.71305/jtl.v1i1.113
38. Tata Ihsan, P., Tanjung, P., Honey, E. A., Amanda, M., Putri, D. C., & Hafizi, M. Z. (2025). The role of the Kapuas River in shaping social interaction and cultural acculturation in multicultural communities. JUPSI: Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial Indonesia, 3(2), 58–65. https://doi.org/10.62238/jupsi.v3i2.179
39. Ulfah, U. (2023). Pengaruh kesehatan mental terhadap prestasi akademik mahasiswa tingkat akhir. In Proceedings of Annual Guidance and Counseling Academic Forum (pp. 23–28).
40. Warnick, B. R., & Scribner, C. F. (2020). Discipline, punishment, and the moral community of schools. Theory and Research in Education, 18(1), 98–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477878520904943
41. Widyawati, M. (2022). Efektivitas model pembelajaran RIAS untuk meningkatkan literasi numerasi siswa pada materi sistem pencernaan (Tese de graduação). Universitas Tidar.

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How to cite

Novitandari, E., Nursalim, M., & Rahmasari, D. (2026). Assessing the effectiveness of the RIAS (reading, identification, analysis, self-reflection) learning model in enhancing student discipline. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 8(8), 2026447. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2026447

[1] Agu Abror, S., & Fatinnah, S. (2025). Project-based learning (PjBL) as a strategy to enhance critical thinking skills in elementary students. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.64084/ijmri.v1i1.47

[2] Suwandi, E., Masrokan Mutohar, P., & Eko Suijianto, A. (2023). Implementasi customer relationship management (CRM) dalam meningkatkan pelayanan dan loyalitas pelanggan. JMPI: Jurnal Manajemen, Pendidikan dan Pemikiran Islam, 1(1), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.71305/jmpi.v1i1.24

[3] Ahmed, N. H., Andersion, J., & Martínez, A. (2024). Innovative blended learning approaches to enhance student engagement in university. JTL: Journal of Teaching and Learning, 1(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.71305/jtl.v1i1.100

[4] At-tamimy, M. I., & Eloy, M. J. A. (2025). Educational perception in urban and rural communities: A qualitative study. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.71305/ijir.v1i1.226

[5] Briganti, A. (2025). Implementation of inclusive education for students with special needs in public schools: A qualitative study. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.71305/ijir.v1i1.224

[6] Cahya, S. B. (2017). Pengaruh disiplin dan partisipasi siswa terhadap prestasi belajar melaksanakan komunikasi bisnis siswa SMK di Kecamatan Dawarblandong dengan percaya diri sebagai variabel moderasi. Jurnal Ekonomi Pendidikan dan Kewirausahaan, 3(1), 48–60. https://doi.org/10.26740/jepk.v3n1.p48-60

[7] Castara, T. I., & Aliyyah, R. R. (2024). Kedisiplinan siswa: Strategi guru dalam menerapkan praktik baik di sekolah dasar. Karimah Tauhid, 3(1), 428–451. https://doi.org/10.30997/karimahtauhid.v3i1.11661

[8] Dewi, D. R., Muhlisin, A., & Rahayu, R. (2021). Pengembangan bahan ajar IPA berbasis RIAS pada tema global warming untuk meningkatkan kreativitas peserta didik. Edu Sains: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & Matematika, 9(2), 124–129. https://doi.org/10.23971/eds.v9i2.3922

[9] Eli Dwi Nabila, E. D. N. (2025). Implementation of scramble type cooperative learning method in improving creative thinking skills of Arabic language subject students at MIN 11 Blitar. The Elementary Journal, 3(2), 60–68. https://doi.org/10.56404/tej.v3i2.164

[10] Fadilah, A. M., Muhlisin, A., & Ismawati, R. (2024). Development of an ethnoscience-based integrated science module with RIAS learning model to improve students’ critical thinking ability. Phenomenon: Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA, 13(2), 264–282. https://doi.org/10.21580/phen.2023.13.2.16931

[11] Gustiana, L., Daharnis, D., & Marjohan, M. (2019). Improving discipline analysis of high school students with guidance and counseling approaches. International Journal of Research in Counseling and Education, 4(1), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.24036/00173za0002

[12] Gribbons, B., & Herman, J. (2019). True and quasi-experimental designs. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 5(14), 26–37. https://doi.org/10.7275/fs4z-nb61

[13] Habibulloh, M. (2024). The role of Islamic education in building interreligious tolerance in Indonesia. IJEMR: International Journal of Education Management and Religion, 1(2), 63–82. https://doi.org/10.71305/ijemr.v1i2.103

[14] Habibulloh, M., Sholeh, M. I., & Idawati, K. (2024). Exploring technological innovations and approaches in modern education. SAHRI: Journal of Studies in Academic, Humanities, Research, and Innovation, 1(1), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.71305/sahri.v1i1.129

[15] Habibulloh, M. (2025). Teachers’ professional development and its influence on teaching innovation in rural schools. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.64084/ijmri.v1i1.46

[16] Hagger, M. S., & Hamilton, K. (2019). Grit and self-discipline as predictors of effort and academic attainment. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(2), 324–342. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12241

[17] Hanımoğlu, E. (2018). Deviant behavior in school setting. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(10), 133–140. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i10.3418

[18] Ijaz, S., Nobles, J., Mamluk, L., Dawson, S., Curran, B., Pryor, R., Redwood, S., & Savović, J. (2024). Disciplinary behaviour management strategies in schools and their impact on student psychosocial outcomes: A systematic review. NIHR Open Research, 4, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3310/nihropenres.13563.2

[19] Johnson, E., Mendoza, C., & Sobirin, M. S. (2024). Strategies of school principals in improving educational quality: An analysis of best practices in American schools. JMPI: Jurnal Manajemen, Pendidikan dan Pemikiran Islam, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.71305/jmpi.v2i2.84

[20] Loewen, S., & Plonsky, L. (2016). An A–Z of applied linguistics research methods. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-40322-3_1

[21] Mahbubi, M., Cholili, A. H., & Huda, A. A. S. (2025). Enhancing educational quality through effective communication in private universities. Journal of Education and Learning Sciences, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.56404/jels.v5i1.124

[22] Maghfiroh, N., & El-Yunusi, M. Y. M. (2024). Strategi pengelolaan kelas dalam meningkatkan disiplin belajar siswa di MI Darul Ulum Lajuk Sidoarjo. Indonesian Research Journal on Education, 4(4), 2960–2965. https://doi.org/10.54459/aktualita.v13i1.526

[23] Muh Ibnu Sholeh, Sokip, Asrop Syafi’i, & Sulistyorini. (2024). Artificial intelligence in education: Transforming assessment and personalized learning. Journal of Education and Learning Sciences, 4(1), 50–62. https://doi.org/10.56404/jels.v4i1.118

[24] Muhlisin, A., Sarwanti, S., Jalunggono, G., Yusliwidaka, A., Mazid, S., & Nufus, A. B. (2021). RIAS learning model: A character education innovation. Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Pendidikan, 13(1), 660–667. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v13i1.520

[25] Miller, C. J., Smith, S. N., & Pugatch, M. (2020). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs in implementation research. Psychiatry Research, 283, 112–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.06.027

[26] Nita Agustina Nurlaila Eka Erfiana, & Nabila Mareza. (2023). Pendampingan guru MI/SD dalam pengelolaan pembelajaran abad 21 di SDI Al-Munawwar Tulungagung. The Elementary Journal, 1(1), 39–44. https://doi.org/10.56404/tej.v1i1.50

[27] Pinta, D. L., Sunardin, & Kilawati, A. (2024). Analisis faktor penyebab rendahnya karakter disiplin pada siswa kelas III UPT SD Negeri 010 Rante Bone Kabupaten Luwu Utara. Prosiding Konferensi Ilmiah Dasar, 5, 539–549.

[28] Pervin, N. (2025). Higher education policy in Bangladesh: A philosophical and practitioner’s perspective on initiation, formulation, and implementation. Journal of Education and Learning Sciences, 5(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.56404/jels.v5i2.176

[29] Rahmawati, Y. (2023). Peran pendidikan sosial dalam membentuk karakter individu. JUPSI: Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial Indonesia, 1(2), 41–46. https://doi.org/10.62238/jupsijurnalpendidikansosialindonesia.v1i2.56

[30] Segarti, A., Melati, H. A., & Rasmawan, R. (2018). Meningkatkan partisipasi dan hasil belajar siswa MAN melalui pembelajaran TPS dilengkapi booklet materi reduksi-oksidasi. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Khatulistiwa, 5(8), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.26418/jppk.v5i8.16349

[31] Sisilia Putri Adinda. (2025). Revisiting the equity promise of school zoning policies in Indonesia: Between idealism and implementation. JUPSI: Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial Indonesia, 3(2), 78–87. https://doi.org/10.62238/jupsi.v3i2.214

[32] Sobri, M., Nursaptini, Widodo, A., & Sutisna, D. (2024). Pembentukan karakter disiplin siswa kelas VI melalui kultur sekolah. Jurnal Penelitian Bidang Pendidikan, 30(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.24114/jpbp.v30i1.55059

[33] Suryatin, S., Sumaryoto, S., & Sriyono, H. (2024). Pengaruh persepsi atas strategi pembelajaran dan minat belajar terhadap prestasi belajar ilmu pengetahuan sosial pada SMP Negeri di Kota Depok. Herodotus: Jurnal Pendidikan IPS, 7(1), 98–112. https://doi.org/10.30998/herodotus.v7i1.14413

[34] Sudarti, E. (2025). Student management in improving student discipline. Journal of Advanced Research and Studies in Educational Management (JARSEM), 1(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.64990/vex68x38

[35] Syafi’i, A., & El-Yunusi, M. Y. (2024). Humanities as a catalyst for innovation in contemporary education and society. SAHRI: Journal of Studies in Academic, Humanities, Research, and Innovation, 1(1), 18–32. https://doi.org/10.71305/sahri.v1i1.127

[36] Syafi’i, A., El-Yunusi, M. Y. M., & Sholeh, I. (2024). Religious considerations in educational policy in a multicultural society. IJEMR: International Journal of Education Management and Religion, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.71305/ijemr.v1i2.137

[37] Syafi’i, A., Nur, ‘Azah, & Arifin, Z. (2024). Developing global competencies in teacher education for 21st century learning environments. JTL: Journal of Teaching and Learning, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.71305/jtl.v1i1.113

[38] Tata Ihsan, P., Tanjung, P., Honey, E. A., Amanda, M., Putri, D. C., & Hafizi, M. Z. (2025). The role of the Kapuas River in shaping social interaction and cultural acculturation in multicultural communities. JUPSI: Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial Indonesia, 3(2), 58–65. https://doi.org/10.62238/jupsi.v3i2.179

[39] Ulfah, U. (2023). Pengaruh kesehatan mental terhadap prestasi akademik mahasiswa tingkat akhir. In Proceedings of Annual Guidance and Counseling Academic Forum (pp. 23–28).

[40] Warnick, B. R., & Scribner, C. F. (2020). Discipline, punishment, and the moral community of schools. Theory and Research in Education, 18(1), 98–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477878520904943

[41] Widyawati, M. (2022). Efektivitas model pembelajaran RIAS untuk meningkatkan literasi numerasi siswa pada materi sistem pencernaan (Tese de graduação). Universitas Tidar.

Abstract

References

How to cite