Effect of self reiki and slow deep breathing on blood pressure of patients with hypertension

Taufik Septiawan; Haeril Amir; Iman Permana; Falasifah Ani Yuniarti; Enok Sureskiarti; Fatma Zulaikha; Bachtiar Safrudin; Rusni Masnina

doi:10.31893/multiscience.2024095

Keywords:

Abstract

Hypertension presents a significant challenge in Indonesia, commonly encountered in primary healthcare settings. This study aimed to assess the impact of self-administered reiki and slow, deep breathing techniques on individuals with hypertension. The research comprised 78 participants, split into two groups: 39 in the control group and 39 in the intervention group. The intervention group practiced self-reiki combined with slow, deep breathing for 21 days, while the control group solely practiced slow, deep breathing for the same duration. Statistical analysis employed the Wilcoxon and Mann‒Whitney tests. The Wilcoxon test yielded a P-value of 0.000 for both Systole and Diastole between the Intervention and Control Groups post-treatment, while the Mann‒Whitney test showed a P-value of 0.002 for Systole and P = 0.000 for Diastole between the Intervention and Control Groups after Treatment. Consequently, it can be deduced that a significant disparity in systolic and diastolic blood pressure exists pre- and post-self-reiki and slow, deep breathing exercises in both the intervention and control groups. These practices demonstrate a significant potential to reduce blood pressure among patients dealing with hypertension.
References
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to cite

Septiawan, T., Amir, H., Permana, I., Yuniarti, F. A., Sureskiarti, E., Zulaikha, F., Safrudin, B., & Masnina, R. (2023). Effect of self reiki and slow deep breathing on blood pressure of patients with hypertension. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 6(6), 2024095. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024095

[1] Amir, H.,Yusuf,M.,Syam,Y.,Irwan, A.M.,Cahyani, D.D.,Djalid, N.K., Idrus,H.H & Rosita.(2023). Comparison between traditional and disposable bed baths in Intensive Care Unit. Eur J Clin Exp Med, 21(1), 108–113. 10.15584/ejcem.2023.1.13.

[2] Alarcão, Z.,Fonseca, J.R. (2016). The effect of Reiki therapy on quality of life of patients with blood cancer: results from a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Integr Med 8(3), 239−49.

[3] Bell, K., wiggs,J.,Olin, B.R., Date. I.R.(2015). Hypertension: the silent killer: updated JNC-8 guideline recommendations. Alabama Pharm Assoc, 1(3), 334−3.

[4] Birocco, N.,Guillame, C.,Storto,S.,Ritorto,G., Catino,C.,& Gir,N.,(2012). The effects of Reiki therapy on pain and anxiety in patients attending a day oncology and infusion services unit. Am J Hospice Palliat Med,29(4), 290−4.

[5] Bukowski, E.L., (2015). The use of self-Reiki for stress reduction and relaxation. J Integr Med,13(5), 336−40.

[6] Busch, V., Magerl. W., Kern, U., Haas, J., Hajak, G., & Eichhammer,P.,(2012).The effect of deep and slow breathing on pain perception, autonomic activity, and mood processing—an experimental study. Pain Med ,13(2), 215−28.

[7] Critchley,H.D., Nicotra, A., Chiesa,P.A.,Nagai, Y., Gray.,M.A.,& Minati L.(2015). Slow breathing and hypoxic challenge: cardiorespiratory consequences and their central neural substrates. PloS one, 10(5), e0127082.

[8] Cuneo, C.L., Curtis, M.R., Drew, C.S.,Naoum-Heffernan,C., Sherman,T.,& Walz,K .,(2011) The Effect of Reiki on Work-Related Stress of the Registered Nurse. Holist. Nurs,29(4), 33–43.

[9] do Nascimento,B.J.H., Jomar, R.T.,da Silva,A.V., Peres, E.M., Wolter, R.M.,& de Oliveira, D.C.,(2017).Reiki effect on subjective well-being: experimental study. Enfermería Global ,16(4), 422−8.

[10] Fadli, F.,(2021). ‘The Effect of Wet Cupping on Baroreceptor Sensitivity in Hypertensive Patients in Sidenreng Rappang Regency, South Sulawesi’. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 9(G), 217–222. doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.6891.

[11] Fernandez, C.A.B.,(2017).Efficacy of Reiki on the regularization of blood pressure in people with arterial hypertension. Available in: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/118127

[12] Gibson, H.E.,(2012). Exploring the effects of Reiki self-use on health literacy. University of Leeds

[13] Harada, D, Asanoi, H, Takagawa,J., Ishise, H., Ueno, H., Oda, Y., (2014). Slow and deep respiration suppresses steady-state sympathetic nerve activity in patients with chronic heart failure: from modeling to clinical application. Am J of Physiol Heart and Circul Physiol 307(8): 1159−68.

[14] Health Research and Development Agency, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (2014). Basic Health Research 2014 In February 2017 Available from: http://www.slemankab.go.id.

[15] Honervogt,T., Neiman, C., (2017) Reiki Guidelines for Being Healthy for Busy People Simple Routines at Home, at Work, and While Traveling. Karisma Publishing Group, Malang

[16] Jones, C.U, Sangthong,B., Pachirat, O., Jones, D.A., (2015).Slow breathing training reduces resting blood pressure and the pressure responses to exercise. Physiol Res ,64(5), 673−82.

[17] Kirshbaum MN, Stead M, Bartys S (2016) An exploratory study of reiki experiences in women who have cancer. Int J Palliative Nurs 22(4): 166−72.

[18] Kurebayashi LF, Turrini RN, Souza TP, Takiguchi RS, Kuba G, Nagumo MT (2016) Massage and Reiki used to reduce stress and anxiety: Randomized Clinical Trial. Revista latino-americana de enfermagem 7(8): 28−4.

[19] Lange, T.A .,(2018).Reiki Made Easy: Heal Your Body and Your Life with the Power of Universal Energy. Hay House,8(3),23−9.

[20] Liu, X., Ishimatsu, K., Sotoyama, M., Iwakiri, K., (2016).Positive emotion inducement modulates cardiovascular responses caused by mental work. J Physiol Anthropol,35(1), 1−8.

[21] Mahtani. K.R., Beinortas,T., Bauza, .,, Nunan, D., (2016).Device-guided breathing for hypertension: a summary evidence review. Curr Hypertens Rep, 18(4), 1−5.

[22] Marcus, D.A., Blazek-O’Neill, B., Kopar, J.L (2013) Symptomatic Improvement Reported After Receiving Reiki at a Cancer Infusion Center. Am J Hospice Palliat Med, 30(2), 216−217.

[23] Musyaropah, R., Supriyatna, A.,(2023). The Effectiveness of Binahong Leaves (Anredera scandens (L.) Moq) As a Medicine for Healing Various Wounds. An Idea Health Journal, 3(02), 49–54.

[24] Mahmood, S., Shah,K.U., Khan,T.M.,(2019). Non-Pharmacological Management of hypertention :in the light of current research 188(2): 1-9

[25] Novoa, M.P., Cain, D.S (2014). The effects of reiki treatment on mental health professionals at risk for secondary traumatic stress. Best Practices Mental Health ,10(1): 29−46.

[26] Orsak, G, Stevens, A.M., Brufsky, A., Kajumba, M., Dougall, A.L., (2015) .The effects of Reiki therapy and companionship on quality of life, mood, and symptom distress during chemotherapy. J Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med, 20(1), 20−7.

[27] Park.J B, Kario, K., Wang,J.G., (2015) Systolic hypertension: an increasing clinical challenge in Asia. Hypertens Res, 38(4), 227−36.

[28] Ratanawadee, K., Songporn C., Preeya K., Wimonrat C., (2018) Effects of a nursing program to promote Reiki self-healing on stress and blood pressure in hypertensive pregnant women. Academic Services Journal, Prince of Songkla University,29;29(1),133-47

[29] Reis, M.S., Arena, R., Archiza, B., de Toledo, C.F., Catai, A.M, Borghi‐Silva, A., (2014) Deep breathing heart rate variability is associated with inspiratory muscle weakness in chronic heart failure. Physiother Res Int,19(1), 16−24.

[30] Salles, L.F, Vanucci, L., Salles, A., (2014) the effect of reiki on blood hypertention. Acta paul enfer,27(5), 479-84.

[31] Sleman District Health Office (2017) health profile of Sleman Regency in 2017. Available from: http://www.slemankab.go.id.

[32] Salles, L.F., Vannucci, L., Salles, A., Silva, M.J.,(2014). The effect of Reiki on blood hypertension. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem 27(11),479−84.

[33] Tharion, E., Samuel, P., Rajalakshm, R., Gnanasenthil, G., Subramanian, R. K.(2012). Influence of deep breathing exercise on spontaneous respiratory rate and heart rate variability: a randomized controlled trial in healthy subjects. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 6(1), 80−7.

[34] Tjay, T. H. & Rahardja. (2010). Important drug properties, uses, and side effects. Elex Media Komputindo, Jakarta

[35] Van Diest, I., Verstappen. K., Aubert, A. E., Widjaja, D., Vansteenwegen, D., & Vlemincx, E.(2014). Inhalation/exhalation ratio modulates the effect of slow breathing on heart rate variability and relaxation. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeed,39(3), 171−80.

[36] Verma, N., Rastogi, S., Chia. Y.C .,(2020). Nonpharmacological management of hypertension. J Clin Hypertens,23(7), 1-9.

[37] Yogyakarta. (2015). Provincial Health Office. Available From https://www.academia.edu/31155851/pemerintah_kota_yogyakarta_profil_kesehatan_tahun_2015_kota_yogyakarta_data_tahun_2014.

[38] World Health Organization. (2022). Hypertension Prevalence in the World. Available From https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/gho documents/world-health-statistic reports/world-health-statistics-2015.pdf

[39] Zunhammer. M., Eichhammer, P., Busch. V., (2013). Do cardiorespiratory variables predict the antinociceptive effects of deep and slow breathing?. Pain med,14(6), 843−54.

Abstract

References

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