4G based SAR analysis for anatomically based human head model using mobile phone antenna

Amol Sonawane; Dattatraya Bormane

doi:10.31893/multiscience.2024053

Keywords:

specific absorption rate

mobile phone model

half wave dipole antenna

electromagnetic radiation

Abstract

Mobile phone handsets utilized by individuals of all ages been heavily grows popular as a wireless communication device. Every mobile phone produces electromagnetic radiation at radio frequencies (RF). The specific absorption rate is used to calculate how much of this energy is absorbed by the human skull. Standard guidelines state that sold phones must fall below a specified SAR. This paper aims to evaluate the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and E-field strength for mobile phone radiation exposure on a head model who is 40 years old and a 5-year-old child. The human skull is represented in this model as a six-layered sphere made up of the brain, CSF, dura, bone, fat, and skin. Various layers of the head's SAR distribution have been measured as an impact of radiation from mobile phones exposure using the 1800 MHz frequency. Earlier research were used to consider the dielectric properties of tissue layers. The human head and mobile phone antenna is modelled in this research using ANSYS HFSS. A hand-held mobile phone's dipole antenna type is considered for RF exposure. It is seen how EM absorption in various tissue layers for both adults as well as child head. SAR comparisons between the adult and child head reveal that the child head absorbs greater power due to the distinctive layerwise head shape, conductivity, permittivity, and permeability of the two head models. Excess EM absorption may have negative physiologic implications for human health specifically impact on child physical and mental health.
References
1. Abdalla A, Teoh A (2005) A multi layered model of human head irradiated by electromagnetic plane wave of 100 MHz-300 GHz. Int. J. Sci. Res. 15:1-7.
2. Arima T, Uno T (2012) Whole body SAR measurement technique by using Wheeler cap method for human head size phantom. In 2012 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), pp. 700–703.
3. Bao JZ, Lu ST, Hurt WD (1997) Complex dielectric measurements and analysis of brain tissues in the radio and microwave frequencies. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 45:1730–1741. DOI: 10.1109/22.641720.
4. Bormane DS, Kakkeri RB, Kakkeri RB (2022) Surface electromyography signal classification for the detection of temporomandibular joint disorder using spectral mapping method. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications 13. DOI: 10.14569/IJACSA.2022.0130860.
5. Christ A, Klingenbock A, Samaras T, Goiceanu C, Kuster N (2006) The dependence of electromagnetic far-field absorption on body tissue composition in the frequency range from 300 MHz to 6 GHz. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 54:2188–2195. DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2006.872789.
6. Davison JM, Zamah NM (2009) Electrosurgery: Principles, biologic effects and results in female reproductive surgery. The Global Library of Women’s Medicine. DOI: 10.3843/GLOWM.10021.
7. Fernandez-Rodriguez CE, De Salles AAA, Davis DL (2015) Dosimetric simulations of brain absorption of mobile phone radiation–the relationship between pssar and age. IEEE Access 3:2425–2430. DOI:10.1109/ACCESS.2015.2502900.
8. Gabriel C, Peyman A (2006) Dielectric measurement: Error analysis and assessment of uncertainty. Physics in Medicine and Biology 51:6033–6046. DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/51/23/006.
9. Gabriel C, Peyman A (2018) Dielectric properties of biological tissues; variation with age. In Conn’s Handbook of Models for Human Aging 939–952. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-811353-0.00069-5.
10. Hadjem A, Conil E, Gati A, Wong MF, Wiart J (2010) Analysis of power absorbed by children’s head as a result of new usages of mobile phone. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 52:812–819. DOI: 10.1109/TEMC.2010.2052810.
11. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) (1998) Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection 74:494–522.
12. Means D, Chan K (2001) Evaluating Compliance with FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields. Federal Communications Commission Office of Engineering & Technology. Available in: https://transition.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Engineering_Technology/Documents/bulletins/oet65/ oet65c.pdf Accessed on: August 2, 2023.
13. Rashed EA, Diao Y, Hirata A (2020) Learning-based estimation of dielectric properties and tissue density in head models for personalized radio-frequency dosimetry. Physics in Medicine & Biology 65:065001. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab7308.
14. Sonawane A, Bormane DS (2022) SAR analysis using a dipole antenna in a non-layered and multi-layered human head model. International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 10:225–231. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc.v10i1s.5829.
15. Sonawane AD, Bormane DS (2020) A specific absorption rate in human head due to mobile phone radiations: Review. International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC) 703–707. DOI: 10.1109/ICESC48915.2020.9155777.
16. Wongkasem N (2021) Electromagnetic pollution alert: Microwave radiation and absorption in human organs and tissues. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 40:236–253. DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2021.1874976.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to cite

Sonawane, A., & Bormane, D. (2023). 4G based SAR analysis for anatomically based human head model using mobile phone antenna . Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 6(4), 2024053. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024053

[1] Abdalla A, Teoh A (2005) A multi layered model of human head irradiated by electromagnetic plane wave of 100 MHz-300 GHz. Int. J. Sci. Res. 15:1-7.

[2] Arima T, Uno T (2012) Whole body SAR measurement technique by using Wheeler cap method for human head size phantom. In 2012 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), pp. 700–703.

[3] Bao JZ, Lu ST, Hurt WD (1997) Complex dielectric measurements and analysis of brain tissues in the radio and microwave frequencies. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 45:1730–1741. DOI: 10.1109/22.641720.

[4] Bormane DS, Kakkeri RB, Kakkeri RB (2022) Surface electromyography signal classification for the detection of temporomandibular joint disorder using spectral mapping method. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications 13. DOI: 10.14569/IJACSA.2022.0130860.

[5] Christ A, Klingenbock A, Samaras T, Goiceanu C, Kuster N (2006) The dependence of electromagnetic far-field absorption on body tissue composition in the frequency range from 300 MHz to 6 GHz. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 54:2188–2195. DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2006.872789.

[6] Davison JM, Zamah NM (2009) Electrosurgery: Principles, biologic effects and results in female reproductive surgery. The Global Library of Women’s Medicine. DOI: 10.3843/GLOWM.10021.

[7] Fernandez-Rodriguez CE, De Salles AAA, Davis DL (2015) Dosimetric simulations of brain absorption of mobile phone radiation–the relationship between pssar and age. IEEE Access 3:2425–2430. DOI:10.1109/ACCESS.2015.2502900.

[8] Gabriel C, Peyman A (2006) Dielectric measurement: Error analysis and assessment of uncertainty. Physics in Medicine and Biology 51:6033–6046. DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/51/23/006.

[9] Gabriel C, Peyman A (2018) Dielectric properties of biological tissues; variation with age. In Conn’s Handbook of Models for Human Aging 939–952. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-811353-0.00069-5.

[10] Hadjem A, Conil E, Gati A, Wong MF, Wiart J (2010) Analysis of power absorbed by children’s head as a result of new usages of mobile phone. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 52:812–819. DOI: 10.1109/TEMC.2010.2052810.

[11] International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) (1998) Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection 74:494–522.

[12] Means D, Chan K (2001) Evaluating Compliance with FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields. Federal Communications Commission Office of Engineering & Technology. Available in: https://transition.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Engineering_Technology/Documents/bulletins/oet65/ oet65c.pdf Accessed on: August 2, 2023.

[13] Rashed EA, Diao Y, Hirata A (2020) Learning-based estimation of dielectric properties and tissue density in head models for personalized radio-frequency dosimetry. Physics in Medicine & Biology 65:065001. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab7308.

[14] Sonawane A, Bormane DS (2022) SAR analysis using a dipole antenna in a non-layered and multi-layered human head model. International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 10:225–231. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc.v10i1s.5829.

[15] Sonawane AD, Bormane DS (2020) A specific absorption rate in human head due to mobile phone radiations: Review. International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC) 703–707. DOI: 10.1109/ICESC48915.2020.9155777.

[16] Wongkasem N (2021) Electromagnetic pollution alert: Microwave radiation and absorption in human organs and tissues. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 40:236–253. DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2021.1874976.

Abstract

References

How to cite