Keywords:
particle size distribution
pharmaceutical formulation
bioavailability
drug delivery system
therapeutic efficacy

  • Abstract

    Pharmaceutical formulations' particle size distribution (PSD) has a significant impact on the stability, bioavailability, and effectiveness of medications. In various delivery systems, such as oral, inhalation, transdermal and parenteral, the distribution of particle sizes can impact a drug's absorption, release rate, and therapeutic efficacy. This review presents the role of PSD in improving drug delivery quality through various methods. In respiratory formulations, for example, particles of a certain size more easily reach the lower respiratory tract, while in transdermal and ophthalmic systems, smaller particle sizes aid more controlled drug penetration and release. With attention to particle sizing techniques, more stable and safe formulations can be developed, enabling improved therapy and reduced side effects. The study's findings highlight how crucial it is to comprehend PSD during the medication development process, particularly in regard to promoting the best formulations for therapeutic efficacy and safety. In addition, the role of particle size (PSD) in various drug delivery system is now becoming more significant with advances in pharmaceutical technology. In inhalation formulations, PSD enables improved drug delivery efficiency by more accurately directing particles to target locations, such as the lower respiratory tract. On the other hand, in transdermal and ophthalmic delivery system, the use of nano-sized particles can enhance penetration into tissues and ensure controlled drug release, thereby minimizing systemic side effects. The study also discusses modern approaches, such as PSD measurement techniques that include laser diffraction analysis and cascade impactor methodes, which provide real-time and in-depth data to ensure formulation quality. With the implementation of these technologies, the development of more stable, safe and effective drug delivery system becomes possible. A deep understanding of PSD can help optimize drug therapy for various conditions, whether conventional pharmaceutical approaches or nanotechnologies.

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Ainurofiq, A., Suryanto, A. A., Beltiartono, B. S., Merdekawati, N. A., Ardiyani, N. P., Farohma, Q. Y. C., Budiman, A., Wardhana, Y. W., & Nugraha, Y. P. (2025). Literature review: The role of particle size distribution in drug delivery. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 8(9), 2025269. https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2025269
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