Keywords:
machine learning
deep learning
personalized medicine
targeted therapies
multi-omics data

  • Abstract

    In the area of theragnostics, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) is supporting personalised medicine methods that merge therapeutic and diagnostic techniques, which is causing the sector to undergo a transition. An analysis of the historical backdrop, current condition, and promise of artificial intelligence-enhanced theragnostic systems is presented in this article. We investigate the underlying ideas of artificial intelligence, such as machine learning, deep learning, and neural networks, as well as their applications in a variety of medical fields, including cancer, pathology, medical imaging, cardiology, hypertension control, and diabetes management. The ability of artificial intelligence systems to integrate a wide variety of information, recognise trends, and enable real-time decision-making and patient monitoring all illustrate their competency. It is possible that personalised digital twins, which make use of adaptive learning algorithms and dynamic virtual models, might be used to optimise treatment regimens and anticipate the course of illness. Important prospects for the advancement of biomedical research and personalised therapy are presented by biochip technology that is driven by artificial intelligence. This technology includes gene chips, organ-on-a-chip systems, and biosensors. However, there are a number of obstacles that must be overcome before artificial intelligence can be effectively used in theragnostics. These obstacles include data security, privacy, algorithmic biases, legal frameworks, and patient acceptability. It is vital, in order to realise the full potential of AI-driven theragnostic techniques, to address these constraints by means of extensive validation, diversified datasets, explainable artificial intelligence, and clear communication. It is anticipated that the synergistic combination of artificial intelligence and theragnostics will revolutionise precision medicine as research continues to advance. This will make it possible to make more accurate diagnoses, achieve more tailored therapeutics, and achieve better patient outcomes.

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Pande, A., Kumar, A., & Anjankar, A. (2025). Harnessing artificial intelligence for theragnostic applications: Current landscape and future directions. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 8(7), 2025218. https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2025218
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