Unraveling the nexus: Exploring Malaysia's research trends in advancing UN SDG 1

Mohamad Ikhram Mohamad  Ridzuan; Azizan Bin Morshidi; Noor Syakirah Zakaria; Rizal Zamani Idris; Dayang Junaidah Awang  Jambol

doi:10.31893/multirev.2025050

Keywords:

Abstract

This study examines Malaysia's poverty rate with respect to SDG poverty reduction targets, the specific policies and programmes implemented to address poverty within the SDGs' framework, and the challenges and obstacles faced by Malaysia in achieving SDG poverty reduction targets. Despite Malaysia's significant achievements in reducing the aggregate poverty rate from 8.9% in 1995 to 1.7% in 2012, the country still faces poverty pockets in rural areas, specific states or regions, ethnic groups, and urban areas. These figures underscore the importance of targeted spatial planning and policy implementation to eradicate poverty effectively. Utilising a bibliometric analysis of the SCOPUS database, this study identifies key indicators of poverty in Malaysia based on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Furthermore, Malaysia's alignment with SDG Poverty Reduction Targets comprises its poverty eradication programme, which has successfully reduced the incidence of poverty from 49.3% in 1970 to 8.7% in 1995 and then to 0.4% in 2016. Despite this overall reduction in poverty, the reality of relative poverty and the poverty gap is increasing, indicating the need for a more comprehensive approach to address poverty and inequality. The Malaysian government has prioritised the provision of employment opportunities, household income, infrastructure, and facilities. However, challenges remain in identifying the infrastructure and facilities capable of providing maximum services for all levels of society, particularly in rural areas. The bibliometric analysis highlights the expanding sphere of SDG poverty reduction research in Malaysia, which reflects the country's intricate socio-economic landscape, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic. Increasing academic output and impressive citation metrics indicate a strong scholarly interest in addressing poverty through various approaches. However, the emerging nature of this field warrants further exploration of the socio-legal and political factors that impact poverty alleviation. By focusing on the local context and incorporating grey literature into research, discussions can be enhanced, enriching the applicability of poverty reduction strategies and contributing to global sustainable development discourses.
References
1. Ab Rahman, N. H., Lee, A. Y. B., & Tan, R. H. (2023). Implementation of APPGM-SDG Solutions Projects and Impact Evaluations in Malaysia’s Central Region. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 15(3), 182–191. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2023.15.03.016
2. Abbasi, I. A., Ashari, H., Ariffin, A. S., & Yusuf, I. (2023). Farm to Fork: Indigenous Chicken Value Chain Modelling Using System Dynamics Approach. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021402
3. Abdullah, A., Zulfaris, M., Salleh, M., & Muhammad, M. Z. (2022). Financial Planning as Catalyst for Poverty Eradication Among B40 in Malaysia. Journal of Wealth Management & Financial Planning, 9(August), 57–66.
4. Akbar, M. R. (2017). the Influence of Development and Implementation of Islam Toward the Happiness in Indonesia. Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman, 12(2), 435–456. https://doi.org/10.21274/epis.2017.12.2.435-456
5. Amin, H., Hassan, M. K., & Shaikh, I. M. (2023). Waqf-based qardhul hassan financing preference in Malaysia: an exploratory study. International Journal of Ethics and Systems. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-02-2023-0025
6. Applanaidu, S. D., Abidin, N. Z., Baba, M. A., & Mustapha, M. (2021). The Nexus between Socio-economics Diversity of Oil Palm Smallholders and Sustainable Development Goals: A Comparative Study in Sabah and Johor, Malaysia. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry (TOJQI), 12(6), 1033–1047.
7. Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 11(4), 959–975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007
8. Ashari, H., Abbas, I., Abdul‐talib, A. N., & Mohd Zamani, S. N. (2022). Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development Goals: A Multigroup Analysis of the Moderating Effects of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intention. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010431
9. Aspiranti, T., Ali, Q., Parveen, S., Amaliah, I., Jalil, M. A., & Merican, F. M. I. (2023). Bibliometric Review of Corporate Governance of Islamic Financial Institutions Through Ai-Based Tools. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(4), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i4.1710
10. Ayompe, L. M., Schaafsma, M., & Egoh, B. N. (2021). Towards sustainable palm oil production: The positive and negative impacts on ecosystem services and human wellbeing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 278, 123914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123914
11. Bahron, H. (2018). Research Frontiers and Way Forward. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 117(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/117/1/012049
12. Bali Swain, R., & Yang-Wallentin, F. (2020). Achieving sustainable development goals: predicaments and strategies. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 27(2), 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2019.1692316
13. Bhukya, R., Paul, J., Kastanakis, M., & Robinson, S. (2022). Forty years of European Management Journal: A bibliometric overview. European Management Journal, 40(1), 10–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2021.04.001
14. Bornmann, L., Bowman, B. F., Bauer, J., Marx, W., Schier, H., & Palzenberger, M. (2012). Standards for applying bibliometrics to the evaluation of research institutes in the natural sciences. Zeitschrift Fur Evaluation, 11(2).
15. Bosco, B. Del, Chierici, R., & Mazzucchelli, A. (2018). Resilience, Adaptation and Expected Support for Food Security among the Malaysian East Coast Poor Households. Management of Environmental Quality, 29(5), 877–902.
16. Chin, Y. H., & Yong, H. N. A. (2019). Barriers and critical success factors towards sustainable hazardous waste management in electronic industries - A review. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 669(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/669/1/012029
17. Dauda, S., & Nik Hasan, N. N. (2018). Framing the sustainable development goals in Malaysian online news. SEARCH Journal of Media and Communication Research, 10(1), 1–24.
18. Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133(March), 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070
19. Halim, S., Huda, H., Luqman, M., Yan, C. W., & Fatin, S. (2020). A review: Update on vertical transmission of HIV. International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Legal Medicine, 23(3–4), 120–128. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00056.X
20. Hasan, M. R., Rahman, M. A. A., & Joko, E. P. (2023). Looking Through the Gender Lens: Women in Sabah Under APPGM-SDG Solution Projects. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 15(3 Special Issue), 192–200. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2023.15.03.017
21. Idris, R., Idris, R. Z., Zakaria, N. S., Ridzuan, M. I. M., Morshidi, A., Azizan, A. A. D. A., & Jamaludin, R. (2024). A Bibliometric Analysis of Digital Ethics and Human Rights. In Balancing Human Rights, Social Responsibility, and Digital Ethics (pp. 1-34). IGI Global.
22. Jayasooria, D. (2021). Role of Parliamentarians in Localising SDGs in Malaysia. Journal of the Malaysian Parliament, 1, 22.
23. Jayasooria, P. D. D. D., & Othman, N. (2023). Parliamentarians & Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships in Implementing SDGs: In 57 Parliamentary Constituencies (Between 2020 and 2022) during the 14th Parliamentary Session. Journal of the Malaysian Parliament, 3, 130–154. https://doi.org/10.54313/journalmp.v3i.92
24. Latip, A. R. A., Othman, N., Sa’at, N. H., Aziz, N., & Muhamad, R. (2023). Assessment of the Impact of Ecer Human Capital Development Programmes on the Local Communities. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 18(11), 87–99. https://doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2023.11.006
25. Mohd Hanafiah, K., Abd Mutalib, A. H., Miard, P., Goh, C. S., Mohd Sah, S. A., & Ruppert, N. (2022). Impact of Malaysian palm oil on sustainable development goals: co-benefits and trade-offs across mitigation strategies. Sustainability Science, 17(4), 1639–1661. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-01052-4
26. Mukherjee, D., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., & Goyal, K. (2022). Mapping five decades of international business and management research on India: A bibliometric analysis and future directions. Journal of Business Research, 145(February), 864–891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.03.011
27. Mukherjee, D., Lim, W. M., Kumar, S., & Donthu, N. (2022). Guidelines for advancing theory and practice through bibliometric research. Journal of Business Research, 148(May), 101–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.04.042
28. Paul, J., Lim, W. M., O’Cass, A., Hao, A. W., & Bresciani, S. (2021). Scientific procedures and rationales for systematic literature reviews (SPAR-4-SLR). International Journal of Consumer Studies, April, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12695
29. Paul, J., Merchant, A., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Rose, G. (2021). Writing an impactful review article: What do we know and what do we need to know? Journal of Business Research, 133, 337–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.05.005
30. Rahman, M. A. A., Joko, E. P., Hasan, M. R., & Hasif, N. (2023). The Impact of Localising Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in Selected Sabah Parliamentary Constituencies Through Service-Learning Concept. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 15(3), 245–256. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2023.15.03.022
31. Ridzuan, M. I. M., Morshidi, A., Zakaria, N. S., Dollah, R., Hua, A. K., & Yusoh, M. P. (2024). Policy Constructivity and Food Security Strategies: Vulnerability Issues of Rice in Kota Belud, Sabah. International Journal of Advanced Research in Food Science and Agriculture Technology, 1(1), 14-30. https://doi.org/10.37934/fsat.1.1.1430
32. Rogers, G., Szomszor, M., & Adams, J. (2020). Sample size in bibliometric analysis. Scientometrics, 125(1), 777–794. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03647-7
33. Salleh, Mohd, K., Sulaiman, Lisa, N., Puteh, Saifullizam, Jamaludin, & Auni, M. (2023). Impact of Community Engagement on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The Global Goals to Local Implementation. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 15(3), 201–211. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2023.15.03.018
34. Shah, J. M., Hussin, R., & Idris, A. (2023). Poverty Eradication Project in Sabah, Malaysia: New Initiative, New Challenges? Planning Malaysia, 21(6), 477–492. https://doi.org/10.21837/PM.V21I30.1415
35. Shahar, S., Lau, H., Puteh, S. E. W., Amara, S., & Razak, N. A. (2019). Health, access and nutritional issues among low-income population in Malaysia: Introductory note. BMC Public Health, 19(Suppl 4), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6852-8
36. Stafford-Smith, M., Griggs, D., Gaffney, O., Ullah, F., Reyers, B., Kanie, N., Stigson, B., Shrivastava, P., Leach, M., & O’Connell, D. (2017). Integration: the key to implementing the Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainability Science, 12(6), 911–919. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-016-0383-3
37. Vaziri, M., Acheampong, M., Downs, J., & Rafee Majid, M. (2019). Poverty as a function of space: understanding the spatial configuration of poverty in Malaysia for Sustainable Development Goal number one. GeoJournal, 84(5), 1317–1336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-018-9926-8
38. Veloutsou, C., Christodoulides, G., & Guzmán, F. (2022). Charting research on international luxury marketing: where are we now and where should we go next? International Marketing Review, 39(2), 371–394. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-04-2021-0154
39. Yu, Y., & Huang, J. (2021). Poverty Reduction of Sustainable Development Goals in the 21st Century: A Bibliometric Analysis. Frontiers in Communication, 6(October), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2021.754181
40. Yusof, D. M., & Sanusi, Z. A. (2021). The APPGM-SDG ( All Party Parliamentary Group Malaysia for Sustainable Development Goals ): Towards Mainstreaming SDG in Issues and Solutions of Parliamentary Constituencies. Journal of the Malaysian Parliament, 1, 228–242.
41. Zakinuddin, S. N. A. (2023). Youth Development in Muar Parliamentary Constituency Through ‘The Room’ Projects. Journal of the Malaysian Parliament, 3, 155–169. https://doi.org/10.54313/journalmp.v3i.83
42. Zamzuri, M. H. A., Sofian, N., & Hassan, R. (2023). Forecasting of Poverty using the Ensemble Learning Classification Methods. International Journal on Perceptive and Cognitive Computing, 9(1), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.31436/ijpcc.v9i1.326
43. Zulkifli, M. F., Taha, R., Awang, N., Nazli MOHD NOR, M., & Ali, A. (2021). Combating Poverty in Malaysia: The Role of Zakat*. Journal of Asian Finance, 8(5), 505–0513. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no5.0505

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to cite

Ridzuan, M. I. M., Morshidi, A. B., Zakaria, N. S., Idris, R. Z., & Jambol, D. J. A. (2024). Unraveling the nexus: Exploring Malaysia’s research trends in advancing UN SDG 1. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 8(2), 2025050. https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2025050

[1] Ab Rahman, N. H., Lee, A. Y. B., & Tan, R. H. (2023). Implementation of APPGM-SDG Solutions Projects and Impact Evaluations in Malaysia’s Central Region. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 15(3), 182–191. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2023.15.03.016

[2] Abbasi, I. A., Ashari, H., Ariffin, A. S., & Yusuf, I. (2023). Farm to Fork: Indigenous Chicken Value Chain Modelling Using System Dynamics Approach. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021402

[3] Abdullah, A., Zulfaris, M., Salleh, M., & Muhammad, M. Z. (2022). Financial Planning as Catalyst for Poverty Eradication Among B40 in Malaysia. Journal of Wealth Management & Financial Planning, 9(August), 57–66.

[4] Akbar, M. R. (2017). the Influence of Development and Implementation of Islam Toward the Happiness in Indonesia. Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman, 12(2), 435–456. https://doi.org/10.21274/epis.2017.12.2.435-456

[5] Amin, H., Hassan, M. K., & Shaikh, I. M. (2023). Waqf-based qardhul hassan financing preference in Malaysia: an exploratory study. International Journal of Ethics and Systems. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-02-2023-0025

[6] Applanaidu, S. D., Abidin, N. Z., Baba, M. A., & Mustapha, M. (2021). The Nexus between Socio-economics Diversity of Oil Palm Smallholders and Sustainable Development Goals: A Comparative Study in Sabah and Johor, Malaysia. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry (TOJQI), 12(6), 1033–1047.

[7] Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 11(4), 959–975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007

[8] Ashari, H., Abbas, I., Abdul‐talib, A. N., & Mohd Zamani, S. N. (2022). Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development Goals: A Multigroup Analysis of the Moderating Effects of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intention. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010431

[9] Aspiranti, T., Ali, Q., Parveen, S., Amaliah, I., Jalil, M. A., & Merican, F. M. I. (2023). Bibliometric Review of Corporate Governance of Islamic Financial Institutions Through Ai-Based Tools. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(4), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i4.1710

[10] Ayompe, L. M., Schaafsma, M., & Egoh, B. N. (2021). Towards sustainable palm oil production: The positive and negative impacts on ecosystem services and human wellbeing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 278, 123914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123914

[11] Bahron, H. (2018). Research Frontiers and Way Forward. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 117(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/117/1/012049

[12] Bali Swain, R., & Yang-Wallentin, F. (2020). Achieving sustainable development goals: predicaments and strategies. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 27(2), 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2019.1692316

[13] Bhukya, R., Paul, J., Kastanakis, M., & Robinson, S. (2022). Forty years of European Management Journal: A bibliometric overview. European Management Journal, 40(1), 10–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2021.04.001

[14] Bornmann, L., Bowman, B. F., Bauer, J., Marx, W., Schier, H., & Palzenberger, M. (2012). Standards for applying bibliometrics to the evaluation of research institutes in the natural sciences. Zeitschrift Fur Evaluation, 11(2).

[15] Bosco, B. Del, Chierici, R., & Mazzucchelli, A. (2018). Resilience, Adaptation and Expected Support for Food Security among the Malaysian East Coast Poor Households. Management of Environmental Quality, 29(5), 877–902.

[16] Chin, Y. H., & Yong, H. N. A. (2019). Barriers and critical success factors towards sustainable hazardous waste management in electronic industries - A review. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 669(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/669/1/012029

[17] Dauda, S., & Nik Hasan, N. N. (2018). Framing the sustainable development goals in Malaysian online news. SEARCH Journal of Media and Communication Research, 10(1), 1–24.

[18] Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133(March), 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070

[19] Halim, S., Huda, H., Luqman, M., Yan, C. W., & Fatin, S. (2020). A review: Update on vertical transmission of HIV. International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Legal Medicine, 23(3–4), 120–128. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00056.X

[20] Hasan, M. R., Rahman, M. A. A., & Joko, E. P. (2023). Looking Through the Gender Lens: Women in Sabah Under APPGM-SDG Solution Projects. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 15(3 Special Issue), 192–200. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2023.15.03.017

[21] Idris, R., Idris, R. Z., Zakaria, N. S., Ridzuan, M. I. M., Morshidi, A., Azizan, A. A. D. A., & Jamaludin, R. (2024). A Bibliometric Analysis of Digital Ethics and Human Rights. In Balancing Human Rights, Social Responsibility, and Digital Ethics (pp. 1-34). IGI Global.

[22] Jayasooria, D. (2021). Role of Parliamentarians in Localising SDGs in Malaysia. Journal of the Malaysian Parliament, 1, 22.

[23] Jayasooria, P. D. D. D., & Othman, N. (2023). Parliamentarians & Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships in Implementing SDGs: In 57 Parliamentary Constituencies (Between 2020 and 2022) during the 14th Parliamentary Session. Journal of the Malaysian Parliament, 3, 130–154. https://doi.org/10.54313/journalmp.v3i.92

[24] Latip, A. R. A., Othman, N., Sa’at, N. H., Aziz, N., & Muhamad, R. (2023). Assessment of the Impact of Ecer Human Capital Development Programmes on the Local Communities. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 18(11), 87–99. https://doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2023.11.006

[25] Mohd Hanafiah, K., Abd Mutalib, A. H., Miard, P., Goh, C. S., Mohd Sah, S. A., & Ruppert, N. (2022). Impact of Malaysian palm oil on sustainable development goals: co-benefits and trade-offs across mitigation strategies. Sustainability Science, 17(4), 1639–1661. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-01052-4

[26] Mukherjee, D., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., & Goyal, K. (2022). Mapping five decades of international business and management research on India: A bibliometric analysis and future directions. Journal of Business Research, 145(February), 864–891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.03.011

[27] Mukherjee, D., Lim, W. M., Kumar, S., & Donthu, N. (2022). Guidelines for advancing theory and practice through bibliometric research. Journal of Business Research, 148(May), 101–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.04.042

[28] Paul, J., Lim, W. M., O’Cass, A., Hao, A. W., & Bresciani, S. (2021). Scientific procedures and rationales for systematic literature reviews (SPAR-4-SLR). International Journal of Consumer Studies, April, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12695

[29] Paul, J., Merchant, A., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Rose, G. (2021). Writing an impactful review article: What do we know and what do we need to know? Journal of Business Research, 133, 337–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.05.005

[30] Rahman, M. A. A., Joko, E. P., Hasan, M. R., & Hasif, N. (2023). The Impact of Localising Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in Selected Sabah Parliamentary Constituencies Through Service-Learning Concept. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 15(3), 245–256. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2023.15.03.022

[31] Ridzuan, M. I. M., Morshidi, A., Zakaria, N. S., Dollah, R., Hua, A. K., & Yusoh, M. P. (2024). Policy Constructivity and Food Security Strategies: Vulnerability Issues of Rice in Kota Belud, Sabah. International Journal of Advanced Research in Food Science and Agriculture Technology, 1(1), 14-30. https://doi.org/10.37934/fsat.1.1.1430

[32] Rogers, G., Szomszor, M., & Adams, J. (2020). Sample size in bibliometric analysis. Scientometrics, 125(1), 777–794. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03647-7

[33] Salleh, Mohd, K., Sulaiman, Lisa, N., Puteh, Saifullizam, Jamaludin, & Auni, M. (2023). Impact of Community Engagement on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The Global Goals to Local Implementation. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 15(3), 201–211. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2023.15.03.018

[34] Shah, J. M., Hussin, R., & Idris, A. (2023). Poverty Eradication Project in Sabah, Malaysia: New Initiative, New Challenges? Planning Malaysia, 21(6), 477–492. https://doi.org/10.21837/PM.V21I30.1415

[35] Shahar, S., Lau, H., Puteh, S. E. W., Amara, S., & Razak, N. A. (2019). Health, access and nutritional issues among low-income population in Malaysia: Introductory note. BMC Public Health, 19(Suppl 4), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6852-8

[36] Stafford-Smith, M., Griggs, D., Gaffney, O., Ullah, F., Reyers, B., Kanie, N., Stigson, B., Shrivastava, P., Leach, M., & O’Connell, D. (2017). Integration: the key to implementing the Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainability Science, 12(6), 911–919. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-016-0383-3

[37] Vaziri, M., Acheampong, M., Downs, J., & Rafee Majid, M. (2019). Poverty as a function of space: understanding the spatial configuration of poverty in Malaysia for Sustainable Development Goal number one. GeoJournal, 84(5), 1317–1336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-018-9926-8

[38] Veloutsou, C., Christodoulides, G., & Guzmán, F. (2022). Charting research on international luxury marketing: where are we now and where should we go next? International Marketing Review, 39(2), 371–394. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-04-2021-0154

[39] Yu, Y., & Huang, J. (2021). Poverty Reduction of Sustainable Development Goals in the 21st Century: A Bibliometric Analysis. Frontiers in Communication, 6(October), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2021.754181

[40] Yusof, D. M., & Sanusi, Z. A. (2021). The APPGM-SDG ( All Party Parliamentary Group Malaysia for Sustainable Development Goals ): Towards Mainstreaming SDG in Issues and Solutions of Parliamentary Constituencies. Journal of the Malaysian Parliament, 1, 228–242.

[41] Zakinuddin, S. N. A. (2023). Youth Development in Muar Parliamentary Constituency Through ‘The Room’ Projects. Journal of the Malaysian Parliament, 3, 155–169. https://doi.org/10.54313/journalmp.v3i.83

[42] Zamzuri, M. H. A., Sofian, N., & Hassan, R. (2023). Forecasting of Poverty using the Ensemble Learning Classification Methods. International Journal on Perceptive and Cognitive Computing, 9(1), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.31436/ijpcc.v9i1.326

[43] Zulkifli, M. F., Taha, R., Awang, N., Nazli MOHD NOR, M., & Ali, A. (2021). Combating Poverty in Malaysia: The Role of Zakat*. Journal of Asian Finance, 8(5), 505–0513. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no5.0505

Abstract

References

How to cite