A brief review of pigeon circovirus infection worldwide

Muhammadtahir Taher Abdulrazzaq Abdulrasool; Azeez Khaleefah; Harith Abdulla Najem

doi:10.31893/multirev.2022018

Keywords:

immunosuppression

PCR techniques

PiCV

Abstract

Pigeon circovirus infection is an immunosuppressive disease of pigeons carried on by the widely recognized virus known as Pigeon circovirus (PiCV). Additionally, due to PiCV’s immunosuppressive activity, a group of diseases collectively known as the “young pigeon disease syndrome” (YPDS) occurs. This study aims to provide information about pigeon circovirus infection transportation throughout the world, the symptoms that have been identified as the disease has progressed, and the diagnostic methods that have been recently developed for the detection of pigeon circovirus. Pigeons of all ages may develop the disease affecting meat and racing pigeons. PiCV-infected pigeons exhibit symptoms such as ruffled feathers, depression, anorexia, weight loss, regurgitation, poor racing performance, diarrhea, and polydipsia. However, asymptomatic PiCV infection has been reported. Most typical and characteristic pathological lesions were the presence of massive basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the thymus, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, and other lymphoid tissues, which are diagnostic. Real-time quantitative and digital droplet PCR techniques have been developed lately for viral detection and quantification.
References
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2. Bougiouklis, P. A. (2007). Avian circoviruses of the genus Circovirus: A potential trigger in Pigeon breeder’s lung (PBL)/Bird fancier’s lung (BFL). Medical Hypotheses, 68(2), 320–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2006.07.020
3. Cságola, A., Lorincz, M., Tombácz, K., Wladár, Z., Kovács, E., & Tuboly, T. (2012). Genetic diversity of pigeon circovirus in Hungary. Virus Genes, 44(1), 75–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-011-0669-6
4. Duchatel, J. P. (2009). L’infection du pigeon par le circovirus. Annales de Medecine Veterinaire, 153(4), 211–218.
5. Duchatel, J. P., Todd, D., Curry, A., Smyth, J. A., Bustin, J. C., & Vindevogel, H. (2005). Vetrecduchatel2005. Vet. Rec., 157(Table 1), 413–415.
6. Duchatel, J. P., Todd, D., Smyth, J. A., Bustin, J. C., & Vindevogel, H. (2006). Observations on detection, excretion and transmission of pigeon circovirus in adult, young and embryonic pigeons. Avian Pathology, 35(1), 30–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079450500465692
7. Duchatel, J. P., Todd, D., Willeman, C., & Losson, B. (2009). Quantification of pigeon circovirus in serum, blood, semen and different tissues of naturally infected pigeons using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Avian Pathology, 38(2), 143–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079450902737805
8. Franciosini, M. P., Fringuelli, E., Tarhuni, O., Guelfi, G., Todd, D., Casagrande Proietti, P., Falocci, N., & Asdrubali, G. (2005). Development of a polymerase chain reaction-based in vivo method in the diagnosis of subclinical pigeon circovirus infection. Avian Diseases, 49(3), 340–343. https://doi.org/10.1637/7334-012705R.1
9. Huang, Y. L., Castaneda, O. A., Thongchan, D., Khatri-Chhetri, R., Tsai, S. S., & Wu, H. Y. (2017). Pigeon circovirus infection in disqualified racing pigeons from Taiwan. Avian Pathology, 46(4), 359–366. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2017.1284305
10. Khalifeh, A., Kraberger, S., Dziewulska, D., Varsani, A., & Stenzel, T. (2021). A pilot study investigating the dynamics of pigeon circovirus recombination in domesticated pigeons housed in a single loft. Viruses, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/v13060964
11. Kong, Y., Yan, C., Zhang, G., Cai, Y., He, B., & Li, Y. (2021). Detection of pigeon circoviruses in ticks of sheep and camels in Inner Mongolia , China. BioRxiv.
12. Mankertz, A., Hattermann, K., Ehlers, B., & Soike, D. (2000). Cloning and sequencing of columbid circovirus (CoCV), a new circovirus from pigeons. Archives of Virology, 145(12), 2469–2479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s007050070002
13. Raue, R., Schmidt, V., Freick, M., Reinhardt, B., Johne, R., Kamphausen, L., Kaleta, E. F., Müller, H., & Krautwald-Junghanns, M. E. (2005). A disease complex associated with pigeon circovirus infection, young pigeon disease syndrome. Avian Pathology, 34(5), 418–425. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079450500267825
14. Roy, P., Dhillon, A. S., Lauerman, L., Shivaprasad, H. L., Diseases, S. A., Mar, N. J., Dhillon, A. A. S., Lauerman, A. L., & Shivaprasadb, H. L. (2003). Case Report- Detection of Pigeon Circovirus by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Avian Diseases, 47(2003), 218–222.
15. Schmidt, V., Schlömer, J., Lüken, C., Johne, R., Biere, B., Müller, H., & Krautwald-Junghanns, M. E. (2008). Experimental infection of domestic pigeons with pigeon circovirus. Avian Diseases, 52(3), 380–386. https://doi.org/10.1637/8188-120407-Reg
16. Scullion, F. T., & Scullion, M. G. (2007). Pathologic findings in racing pigeons (Columba livia domestica) with “Young bird sickness.” Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 21(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742(2007)21[1:PFIRPC]2.0.CO;2
17. Shivaprasad, H. L., Chin, R. P., Jeffrey, J. S., Latimer, K. S., Nordhausen, R. W., Niagro, F. D., & Campagnoli, R. P. (1994). Case Report- Particles Resembling Circovirus in the Bursa of Fabricius of Pigeons. Avian Diseases, 38(3), 635–641.
18. Silva, B. B. I., Urzo, M. L. R., Encabo, J. R., Simbulan, A. M., Lunaria, A. J. D., Sedano, S. A., Hsu, K. C., Chen, C. C., Tyan, Y. C., & Chuang, K. P. (2022). Pigeon Circovirus over Three Decades of Research: Bibliometrics, Scoping Review, and Perspectives. Viruses, 14(7), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14071498
19. Stenzel, T., Dziewulska, D., Tykałowski, B., & Koncicki, A. (2020). The clinical infection with pigeon circovirus (Picv) leads to lymphocyte b apoptosis but has no effect on lymphocyte t subpopulation. Pathogens, 9(8), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080632
20. Stenzel, T., & Koncicki, A. (2017). The epidemiology, molecular characterization and clinical pathology of circovirus infections in pigeons - Current knowledge. Veterinary Quarterly, 37(1), 166–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2017.1325972
21. Stenzel, T., & Pestka, D. (2014). Occurrence and genetic diversity of pigeon circovirus strains in Poland. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 62(2), 274–283. https://doi.org/10.1556/AVet.2014.004
22. Tavernier, P., De Herdt, P., Thoonen, H., & Ducatelle, R. (2000). Prevalence and pathogenic significance of circovirus-like infections in racing pigeons (Columba livia). In Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift (Vol. 69, Issue 5, pp. 338–341).
23. Todd, D., Duchatel, J. P., Weston, J. H., Ball, N. W., Borghmans, B. J., Moffett, D. A., & Smyth, J. A. (2002). Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction and dot blot hybridisation tests in the diagnosis of pigeon circovirus infections. Veterinary Microbiology, 89(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00154-2
24. Todd, D., Fringuelli, E., Scott, A. N. J., Borghmans, B. J., Duchatel, J. P., Shivaprasad, H. L., Raidal, S. R., Abadie, J. X., Franciosini, M. P., & Smyth, J. A. (2008). Sequence comparison of pigeon circoviruses. Research in Veterinary Science, 84(2), 311–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.03.007
25. Todd, D., Weston, J. H., Soike, D., & Smyth, J. A. (2001). Genome sequence determinations and analyses of novel circoviruses from goose and pigeon. Virology, 286(2), 354–362. https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.2001.0985
26. Tsai, C. Y., Hu, S. Y., Santos, H. M., Catulin, G. E. M., Tayo, L. L., & Chuang, K. P. (2021). Probiotic supplementation containing Bacillus velezensis enhances expression of immune regulatory genes against pigeon circovirus in pigeons (Columba livia). Journal of Applied Microbiology, 130(5), 1695–1704. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.14893
27. Woods, L. W., Latimer, K. S., Niagro, F. D., Riddell, C., Crowley, A. M., Anderson, M. L., Daft, B. M., Moore, J. D., Campagnoli, R. P., & Nordhausen, R. W. (1994). A retrospective study of circovirus infection in pigeons: nine cases (1986-1993). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc, 6(2), 156–164. https://doi.org/10.1177/104063879400600205
28. Zhang, Z., Dai, W., Wang, S., & Dai, D. (2015). Epidemiology and genetic characteristics of pigeon circovirus (PiCV) in eastern China. Archives of Virology, 160(1), 199–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-014-2255-4

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to cite

Abdulrasool, M. T. A., Khaleefah, A., & Najem, H. A. (2023). A brief review of pigeon circovirus infection worldwide. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 5(4), 2022018. https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2022018

[1] A.Stenzel, T., Pestka, D., Tykałowski., B., S´miałek, M., & Koncicki, A. (2014). Epidemiological investigation of selected pigeonviral infections in Poland.pdf. Veterinary Record, 171, ., 171(562).

[2] Bougiouklis, P. A. (2007). Avian circoviruses of the genus Circovirus: A potential trigger in Pigeon breeder’s lung (PBL)/Bird fancier’s lung (BFL). Medical Hypotheses, 68(2), 320–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2006.07.020

[3] Cságola, A., Lorincz, M., Tombácz, K., Wladár, Z., Kovács, E., & Tuboly, T. (2012). Genetic diversity of pigeon circovirus in Hungary. Virus Genes, 44(1), 75–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-011-0669-6

[4] Duchatel, J. P. (2009). L’infection du pigeon par le circovirus. Annales de Medecine Veterinaire, 153(4), 211–218.

[5] Duchatel, J. P., Todd, D., Curry, A., Smyth, J. A., Bustin, J. C., & Vindevogel, H. (2005). Vetrecduchatel2005. Vet. Rec., 157(Table 1), 413–415.

[6] Duchatel, J. P., Todd, D., Smyth, J. A., Bustin, J. C., & Vindevogel, H. (2006). Observations on detection, excretion and transmission of pigeon circovirus in adult, young and embryonic pigeons. Avian Pathology, 35(1), 30–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079450500465692

[7] Duchatel, J. P., Todd, D., Willeman, C., & Losson, B. (2009). Quantification of pigeon circovirus in serum, blood, semen and different tissues of naturally infected pigeons using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Avian Pathology, 38(2), 143–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079450902737805

[8] Franciosini, M. P., Fringuelli, E., Tarhuni, O., Guelfi, G., Todd, D., Casagrande Proietti, P., Falocci, N., & Asdrubali, G. (2005). Development of a polymerase chain reaction-based in vivo method in the diagnosis of subclinical pigeon circovirus infection. Avian Diseases, 49(3), 340–343. https://doi.org/10.1637/7334-012705R.1

[9] Huang, Y. L., Castaneda, O. A., Thongchan, D., Khatri-Chhetri, R., Tsai, S. S., & Wu, H. Y. (2017). Pigeon circovirus infection in disqualified racing pigeons from Taiwan. Avian Pathology, 46(4), 359–366. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2017.1284305

[10] Khalifeh, A., Kraberger, S., Dziewulska, D., Varsani, A., & Stenzel, T. (2021). A pilot study investigating the dynamics of pigeon circovirus recombination in domesticated pigeons housed in a single loft. Viruses, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/v13060964

[11] Kong, Y., Yan, C., Zhang, G., Cai, Y., He, B., & Li, Y. (2021). Detection of pigeon circoviruses in ticks of sheep and camels in Inner Mongolia , China. BioRxiv.

[12] Mankertz, A., Hattermann, K., Ehlers, B., & Soike, D. (2000). Cloning and sequencing of columbid circovirus (CoCV), a new circovirus from pigeons. Archives of Virology, 145(12), 2469–2479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s007050070002

[13] Raue, R., Schmidt, V., Freick, M., Reinhardt, B., Johne, R., Kamphausen, L., Kaleta, E. F., Müller, H., & Krautwald-Junghanns, M. E. (2005). A disease complex associated with pigeon circovirus infection, young pigeon disease syndrome. Avian Pathology, 34(5), 418–425. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079450500267825

[14] Roy, P., Dhillon, A. S., Lauerman, L., Shivaprasad, H. L., Diseases, S. A., Mar, N. J., Dhillon, A. A. S., Lauerman, A. L., & Shivaprasadb, H. L. (2003). Case Report- Detection of Pigeon Circovirus by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Avian Diseases, 47(2003), 218–222.

[15] Schmidt, V., Schlömer, J., Lüken, C., Johne, R., Biere, B., Müller, H., & Krautwald-Junghanns, M. E. (2008). Experimental infection of domestic pigeons with pigeon circovirus. Avian Diseases, 52(3), 380–386. https://doi.org/10.1637/8188-120407-Reg

[16] Scullion, F. T., & Scullion, M. G. (2007). Pathologic findings in racing pigeons (Columba livia domestica) with “Young bird sickness.” Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 21(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742(2007)21[1:PFIRPC]2.0.CO;2

[17] Shivaprasad, H. L., Chin, R. P., Jeffrey, J. S., Latimer, K. S., Nordhausen, R. W., Niagro, F. D., & Campagnoli, R. P. (1994). Case Report- Particles Resembling Circovirus in the Bursa of Fabricius of Pigeons. Avian Diseases, 38(3), 635–641.

[18] Silva, B. B. I., Urzo, M. L. R., Encabo, J. R., Simbulan, A. M., Lunaria, A. J. D., Sedano, S. A., Hsu, K. C., Chen, C. C., Tyan, Y. C., & Chuang, K. P. (2022). Pigeon Circovirus over Three Decades of Research: Bibliometrics, Scoping Review, and Perspectives. Viruses, 14(7), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14071498

[19] Stenzel, T., Dziewulska, D., Tykałowski, B., & Koncicki, A. (2020). The clinical infection with pigeon circovirus (Picv) leads to lymphocyte b apoptosis but has no effect on lymphocyte t subpopulation. Pathogens, 9(8), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080632

[20] Stenzel, T., & Koncicki, A. (2017). The epidemiology, molecular characterization and clinical pathology of circovirus infections in pigeons - Current knowledge. Veterinary Quarterly, 37(1), 166–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2017.1325972

[21] Stenzel, T., & Pestka, D. (2014). Occurrence and genetic diversity of pigeon circovirus strains in Poland. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 62(2), 274–283. https://doi.org/10.1556/AVet.2014.004

[22] Tavernier, P., De Herdt, P., Thoonen, H., & Ducatelle, R. (2000). Prevalence and pathogenic significance of circovirus-like infections in racing pigeons (Columba livia). In Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift (Vol. 69, Issue 5, pp. 338–341).

[23] Todd, D., Duchatel, J. P., Weston, J. H., Ball, N. W., Borghmans, B. J., Moffett, D. A., & Smyth, J. A. (2002). Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction and dot blot hybridisation tests in the diagnosis of pigeon circovirus infections. Veterinary Microbiology, 89(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00154-2

[24] Todd, D., Fringuelli, E., Scott, A. N. J., Borghmans, B. J., Duchatel, J. P., Shivaprasad, H. L., Raidal, S. R., Abadie, J. X., Franciosini, M. P., & Smyth, J. A. (2008). Sequence comparison of pigeon circoviruses. Research in Veterinary Science, 84(2), 311–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.03.007

[25] Todd, D., Weston, J. H., Soike, D., & Smyth, J. A. (2001). Genome sequence determinations and analyses of novel circoviruses from goose and pigeon. Virology, 286(2), 354–362. https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.2001.0985

[26] Tsai, C. Y., Hu, S. Y., Santos, H. M., Catulin, G. E. M., Tayo, L. L., & Chuang, K. P. (2021). Probiotic supplementation containing Bacillus velezensis enhances expression of immune regulatory genes against pigeon circovirus in pigeons (Columba livia). Journal of Applied Microbiology, 130(5), 1695–1704. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.14893

[27] Woods, L. W., Latimer, K. S., Niagro, F. D., Riddell, C., Crowley, A. M., Anderson, M. L., Daft, B. M., Moore, J. D., Campagnoli, R. P., & Nordhausen, R. W. (1994). A retrospective study of circovirus infection in pigeons: nine cases (1986-1993). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc, 6(2), 156–164. https://doi.org/10.1177/104063879400600205

[28] Zhang, Z., Dai, W., Wang, S., & Dai, D. (2015). Epidemiology and genetic characteristics of pigeon circovirus (PiCV) in eastern China. Archives of Virology, 160(1), 199–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-014-2255-4

Abstract

References

How to cite