• Abstract

    In today’s business world, the focus of many organizations is heavily skewed toward tangible assets – including profitability, revenue growth, cash-flow- as the primary drivers of success. However, another equally important area is frequently overlooked and deserves more attention, namely, employee mental health.The main aim of this review is to explore and better understand the ripple effects of employee’s mental states on firms’ outcomes. To meet this objective, we followed a specific methodological approach, initiating our research by scrutinizing the most recent and relevant scientific publications in several academic literature databases, in order to delve into the various ways in which mental health states can shape employee’s overall work functioning and firms’ outcomes, including productivity, performance, turnover rates, absenteeism, and much more.  Following our analysis, we have concluded that employee’s mental health state isn’t just a personal matter, but it’s, on contrary, a strategic imperative for thriving businesses. Nurturing mentally strong minds in the workplace is a must, to evade substantial losses, and to prevent the deepening of mental illness.

  • References

    1. Ahn, W., Proctor, C. C., & Flanagan, E. H. (2009). Mental Health Clinicians’ Beliefs About the Biological, Psychological, and Environmental Bases of Mental Disorders. Cognitive Science, 33(2), 147182. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-6709.2009.01008.x
    2. Arias, D., Saxena, S., & Verguet, S. (2022). Quantifying the global burden of mental disorders and their economic value. EClinicalMedicine, 54, 101675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101675
    3. Badahdah, A. M., Shahin, M., & Abu-Ras, W. (2022). The invisible frontiers: Mental health and turnover intention among Egyptian social workers. International Social Work, 66(6), 1701 1714. https://doi.org/10.1177/00208728221108006
    4. Baron, R. A. (2008). The Role of Affect in the Entrepreneurial Process. Academy of Management Review, 33(2), 328–340. doi:10.5465/amr.2008.31193166
    5. Bech, P., Andersen, M. B., Bech-Andersen, G., Tonnesen, S. C., Agnarsdottir, E., & Borg, V. (2005). Work-related stressors, depression and quality of life in Danish managers. European Psychiatry, 20(S3), S318 S325. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(05)80183-x
    6. Bergefurt, L., Weijs-Perrée, M., Appel‐Meulenbroek, R., &Arentze, T. (2022). The Physical Office Workplace as a Resource for Mental Health – A Systematic Scoping review. Building and Environment, 207, 108505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108505
    7. Boubekri, M., Lee, J., MacNaughton, P., Woo, M., Schuyler, L., Tinianov, B., & Satish, U. (2020). The Impact of Optimized Daylight and Views on the Sleep Duration and Cognitive Performance of Office Workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 3219. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093219
    8. Bubonya, M., Cobb-Clark, D. A., & Wooden, M. (2017). Mental health and productivity at work: Does what you do matter? Labor Economics, 46, 150–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2017.05.001
    9. Chaudhury, P. K., Deka, K., & Chetia, D. (2006). Disability associated with mental disorders. Indian Journal Of Psychiatry, 48(2), 95. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.31597
    10. Chen, Q., Huang, S., Xu, H., Peng, J., Wang, P., Li, S., Zhao, J., Shi, X., Zhang, W., Shi, L., Peng, Y., & Tang, X. (2024). The burden of mental disorders in Asian
    11. Cheng, W., & Cheng, Y. (2017). Minor mental disorders in Taiwanese healthcare workers and the associations with psychosocial work conditions. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 116(4), 300 305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2016.05.004
    12. Chua, S. . (2020). Workplace mental health: The business costs. Relate Mental Health Malaysia. https://relate.com.my/the-business-costs-of-mental-health/ . Accessed on July 21, 2024.
    13. Clark, C., Myron, R., Stansfeld, S., & Candy, B. (2007). A systematic review of the evidence on the effect of the built and physical environment on mental health. Journal of Public Mental Health, 6(2), 14–27. doi:10.1108/1746572920070001
    14. Corrigan, P. (2004). How stigma interferes with mental health care. American Psychologist, 59(7), 614–625. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.59.7.614
    15. Cyranka, K. (2020). Controversial issues in current definitions of mental health. Archives Of Psychiatry And Psychotherapy, 22(1), 7 11. https://doi.org/10.12740/app/118064
    16. De Oliveira, C., Saka, M., Bone, L., & Jacobs, R. (2022). The Role of Mental Health on Workplace Productivity : A Critical Review of the Literature. Applied Health Economics And Health Policy, 21(2), 167 193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40258-022-00761-w
    17. Diener, E., Thapa, S., & Tay, L. (2020). Positive Emotions at Work. Annual Review Of Organizational Psychology And Organizational Behavior, 7(1), 451 477. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012119-044908
    18. Egbide, B., Madugba, J., Otekunrin, A., Adenike, O., & Oludare, F. (2022b). Responsiveness of rural development to budget management attributes : Evidence from Ogun State, Nigeria. Problems And Perspectives In Management/Problems & Perspectives In Management, 20(1), 1 13. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(1).2022.01
    19. Enns, V., Currie, S. R., & Wang, J. (2015). Professional autonomy and work setting as contributing factors to depression and absenteeism in Canadian nurses. Nursing Outlook, 63(3), 269 277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2014.12.014
    20. Esmaielpour, M. R. M., Zakerian, S. A., Abbasi, M., Balochkhaneh, F. Á., & Kordmiri, S. H. M. (2021). Investigating the effect of noise exposure on mental disorders and the work ability index among industrial workers. Noise & Vibration Worldwide, 53(1 2), 3 11. https://doi.org/10.1177/09574565211052690
    21. Follmer, K. B., & Jones, K. S. (2017). Mental Illness in the Workplace: An Interdisciplinary Review and Organizational Research Agenda. Journal of Management, 44(1), 325–351. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206317741194
    22. Ford, M. T., Cerasoli, C. P., Higgins, J., &Decesare, A. L. (2011). Relationships between psychological, physical, and behavioral health and work performance: A review and meta-analysis. Work & Stress, 25(3), 185 204. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2011.609035
    23. Formánek, T., Kagström, A., Cermakova, P., Csémy, L., Mladá, K., & Winkler, P. (2019). Prevalence of mental disorders and associated disability: Results from the cross-sectional CZEch mental health Study (CZEMS). European Psychiatry, 60, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.05.001
    24. França, M. H., Pereira, F. G., Wang, Y., Andrade, L. H., Alonso, J., & Viana, M. C. (2022). Individual and population level estimates of work loss and related economic costs due to mental and substance use disorders in Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil. Journal Of Affective Disorders, 296, 198 207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.070
    25. Guilding, C. J., Lamminmaki, D., & McManus, L. (2014). Staff turnover costs: In search of accountability. International Journal Of Hospitality Management, 36, 231 243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.10.001
    26. Harkko J, Ranta H, Lallukka T, Nordquist H, Mänty M, Kouvonen A. (2023). Working conditions and mental health functioning among young public sector employees. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health;51(1):98-105. https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948211045458
    27. Harvey, S. B., Modini, M., Joyce, S., Milligan-Saville, J., Tan, L., Mykletun, A., Bryant, R. A., Christensen, H., & Mitchell, P. B. (2017). Can work make you mentally ill? A systematic meta-review of work-related risk factors for common mental health problems. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 74(4), 301 310. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-104015
    28. Hennekam, S., Follmer, K., & Beatty, J. E. (2020). The paradox of mental illness and employment : a person-job fit lens. International Journal Of Human Resource Management, 32(15), 32443271. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2020.1867618
    29. Hilton, M. F., Scheurer, R. W., Sheridan, J., Cleary, C. M., & Whiteford, H. A. (2010). Employee psychological distress and treated prevalence by indices of rurality. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 34(5), 458–465. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2010.00590.x
    30. Hosák, L., Hosakova, K., Malekirad, M., Koncelikova, D. K., Zapletalová, J., &Látalová, K. (2023). Environmental Factors in the Etiology of Mental Disorders in the Czech Republic. Neuropsychiatric Disease And Treatment, Volume 19, 349 359. https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s379811
    31. Hubbard, G., Daas, C. D., Johnston, M., & Dixon, D. (2021). Sociodemographic and Psychological Risk Factors for Anxiety and Depression : Findings from the Covid-19 Health and Adherence Research in Scotland on Mental Health (CHARIS-MH) Cross-sectional Survey. International Journal Of Behavioral Medicine, 28(6), 788 800. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-021-09967-z
    32. Ives, J. (2022). World mental health support and the effect of stigma and discrimination. News-Medical. https://www.news-medical.net/health/World-mental-health-support-and-the-effect-of-stigma-and-discrimination.aspx. Accessed on July 19, 2024.
    33. Jacobs, J., & Matyeni, B. (2024). A legal perspective on mental health in the workplace. Bizcommunity. https://www.bizcommunity.com/article/a-legal-perspective-of-mental-health-in-the-workplace-012955a. Accessed on July 19, 2024.
    34. John, H. (2024). Mental Health Understanding the Complexity Challenges and Pathways to Well-being. Health Sci J. Vol. 18 No. 3: 1119.
    35. Johnston, D. A., Harvey, S. B., Glozier, N., Calvo, R. A., Christensen, H., & Deady, M. (2019). The relationship between depression symptoms, absenteeism and presenteeism. Journal of Affective Disorders, 256, 536–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.041
    36. Junge, M., Lehr, D., Bockting, C., Berking, M., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2015). For whom are internet-based occupational mental health interventions effective? Moderators of internet-based problem-solving training outcome. Internet Interventions, 2(1), 39 47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2014.11.007
    37. Kelloway, E. K., Dimoff, J. K., & Gilbert, S. (2023). Mental health in the workplace. Annual review of organizational psychology and organizational behavior, 10(1), 363 387. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-120920-050527
    38. Kim, J., & Kim, H. (2017). Demographic and Environmental Factors Associated with Mental Health : A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(4), 431. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14040431
    39. Kim, S., Jeong, W., Jang, S. I., & Park, S. (2021). Is work hour mismatch associated with depression?Safety and Health at Work, 12(1), 96 101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2020.09.009
    40. Kropman, D., Appel‐Meulenbroek, R., Bergefurt, L., & Blanc, P. M. L. (2022). The Business Case for a Healthy Office; A holistic overview of relations between office workspace design and mental health. Ergonomics, 66(5), 675. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2022.2108905
    41. Kumar, M., Njuguna, S., Amin, N., Kiburi, S. K., Tele, A., Karanja, M., Omar, N., Yator, O., Wambugu, C., Bukusi, D., & Weaver, M. R. (2024). Burden and risk factors of mental and substance use disorders among adolescents and young adults in Kenya : Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. EClinicalMedicine, 67, 102328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102328
    42. Langlieb, A. M., & DePaulo, J. R. (2008). Etiology of Depression and Implications on Work Environment. Journal Of Occupational And Environmental Medicine, 50(4), 391 395. https://doi.org/10.1097/jom.0b013e31816fca08
    43. Lardon M. T., Fitzgerald M. W. (2013). Performance enhancement and the sports psychiatrist, in Clinical Sports Psychiatry: An International Perspective, eds Baron D., Reardon C., Baron S. John Wiley & Son, 132–146. 10.1002/9781118404904.ch13
    44. Lee, W., Lee, J. G., Yoon, J. H., & Lee, J. H. (2020). Relationship between occupational dust exposure levels and mental health symptoms among Korean workers. PLOS ONE, 15(2), e0228853. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228853
    45. Lelliott, P., Boardman, J., Harvey, S., Henderson, M., Knapp, M., Tulloch, S. (2008). Mental Health and Work. Report, Royal College of Psychiatrists.
    46. Lepe-Salazar, F., & Salgado-Torres, S. (2023). Multiple Composite Scenarios : A Game-Based Methodology for the Prevention of Mental Disorders. Entertainment Computing, 44, 100519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcom.2022.100519
    47. Lindén, M. (2017). Definition and assessment of disability in mental disorders under the perspective of the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF). Behavioral Sciences & The Law, 35(2), 124 134. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2283
    48. Link, B. G., Struening, E. L., Neese-Todd, S., Asmussen, S., & Phelan, J. C. (2001). Stigma as a Barrier to Recovery : The Consequences of Stigma for the Self-Esteem of People With Mental Illnesses. Psychiatric Services, 52(12), 1621 1626. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.52.12.1621
    49. Madsen, I. E. H., Svane-Petersen, A. C., Holm, A., Burr, H., Framke, E., Melchior, M., Rod, N. H., Sivertsen, B., Stansfeld, S., Sørensen, J. K., Virtanen, M., & Rugulies, R. (2021). Work-related violence and depressive disorder among 955,573 employees followed for 6.99 million person-years. the Danish Work Life Course Cohort study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 288, 136 144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.065
    50. Malik, U., Qayyum, D. S., Fatima, D. I. (2021). Physical Work Environment, Sick Building Syndrome and Mental Health of Factory Workers. The Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government, 27(1), 558–591. Retrieved from https://cibgp.com/au/index.php/1323-6903/article/view/585
    51. Martı́n-Carrasco, M. (2013). 3012 – Research networks in Spain and Cibersam. European Psychiatry, 28, 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(13)77520-5
    52. McCullagh, M. C., Xu, J., Dickson, V. V., Tan, A., & Lusk, S. L. (2021). Noise Exposure and Quality of Life Among Nurses. Workplace Health & Safety, 216507992110443. https://doi.org/10.1177/21650799211044365
    53. Mohamed, H. S. I., Alhulaibi, A. H., Alawadh, R. A., &Alanzi, A. J. (2023). Perceived Stress and Internalized Stigma among Patients with Mental Disorders in Al Ahsa Governorate – Saudi Arabia. International Journal Of Africa Nursing Sciences, 18, 100517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2022.100517
    54. Moons, P., Van Bulck, L., Daelman, B., & Luyckx, K. (2023). Mental health in adult congenital heart disease. International Journal of Cardiology Congenital Heart Disease, 12, 100455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcchd.2023.100455
    55. Murcia, M., Chastang, J., & Niedhammer, I. (2013). Psychosocial work factors, major depressive and generalised anxiety disorders : results from the French National SIP study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 146(3), 319 327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.09.014
    56. Nagaraj, A. M., Kondapura, M., Manjunatha, N., Praharaj, S. K., Kumar, C., Math, S., & Rao, G. (2023c). Work productivity (absenteeism and presenteeism) in persons with common mental disorders : An observational study from South India. Indian Journal Of Psychiatry, 65(4), 412. https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_730_22
    57. National Institute of Mental Health. (2023). Mental health information: Statistics. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/mental-illness. Accessed on March 10, 2024.
    58. Nickram-Validum, E., Neil, A. (2023d). Anxiety and Depressive Disorder Admissions to the Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation’s Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic – A Descriptive Study. Texila International Journal Of Academic Research, 10(3), 108121. https://doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.10.03.art009
    59. Niemeyer, H., Bieda, A., Michalak, J., Schneider, S., & Margraf, J. (2019). Education and mental health : Do psychosocial resources matter? SSM-Population Health, 7, 100392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100392
    60. Nwokorie, E. (2017). Challenges to effective management of public sector organizations in an institutionally corrupt society : a study of Nigeria.University of Vaasa Faculty of Philosophy.Vaasa, Finland.
    61. Obigbemi, I. (2010). The role of competition on the pricing decision of an organization and the attainment of the organisational objective. Annals of the University of Petroşani, Economics, 10(1), 2010, 229-248.
    62. OECD (2012), Sick on the Job? Myths and Realities about Mental Health and Work, Mental Health and Work, OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264124523-en
    63. Özkan, A., Özdevecioğlu, M., Kaya, Y., & Koç, F. Ö. (2015). Effects of mental workloads on depression–anger symptoms and interpersonal sensitivities of accounting professionals. Revista de Contabilidad, 18(2), 194 199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsar.2014.06.005
    64. Ringland, K. E., Nicholas, J., Kornfield, R., Lattie, E. G., Mohr, D. C., & Reddy, M. (2019). Understanding Mental Ill-health as Psychosocial Disability: Implications for Assistive Technology. ASSETS.156-170. doi: 10.1145/3308561.3353785.
    65. Roberts, M. J., Colley, K., Currie, M., Eastwood, A., Li, K., Avery, L. M., Beevers, L., Braithwaite, I., Dallimer, M., Davies, Z. G., Fisher, H. L., Gidlow, C., Memon, A., Mudway, I., Naylor, L. A., Reis, S., Smith, P., Stansfeld, S., Wilkie, S., & Irvine, K. N. (2023). The Contribution of Environmental Science to Mental Health Research : A scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(7), 5278. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075278
    66. Roy, L., Molla, M. R., & Mohajan, H. K. (2021). Cost Minimization is Essential for the Sustainable Development of an Industry: A Mathematical Economic Model Approach. Annals of Spiru Haret University Economic Series, 21(1), 37-69, doi: https://doi.org/10.26458/2112
    67. Ruggeri, K., Garcia-Garzon, E., Maguire, Á. et al., (2020). Well-being is more than happiness and life satisfaction: a multidimensional analysis of 21 countries. Health Qual Life Outcomes 18, 192 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-020-01423-y
    68. Samari, E., Seow, E., Chua, B. Y., Ong, H. L., Abdin, E., Chong, S. A., & Subramaniam, M. (2018b). Stigma toward people with mental disorders: Perspectives of nursing students. Archives Of Psychiatric Nursing, 32(6), 802 808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2018.06.003
    69. Santini, Z. I., Thygesen, L. C., Koyanagi, A., Stewart‐Brown, S., Meilstrup, C., Nielsen, L., Olsen, K. R., Birkjær, M., McDaid, D., Koushede, V., & Ekholm, O. (2022). Economics of mental wellbeing : A prospective study estimating associated productivity costs due to sickness absence from the workplace in Denmark. Mental Health & Prevention, 28, 200247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhp.2022.200247
    70. Selix, N., & Goyal, D. (2015). Postpartum Depression Among Working Women: A Call for Practice and Policy Change. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 11(9), 897 902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2015.07.003
    71. Shaqqour, O. F., & Kassar, T. A. A. (2016). Studying Relationship between the Approach of Business Reengineering and Performance « An Empirical Study on Food Companies Listed at the Amman Stock Exchange » ). Research Journal Of Finance And Accounting, 7(12), 71 81.
    72. Stambouli, M., Romdhane, F. F., Ghrissi, F., Jaoua, A., Ellini, S., & Cheour, M. (2023). Cross-cultural comparison of mental illness stigma : A Multinational Population-Based Study from 16 Arab Countries and 10,036 Individuals. European Psychiatry, 66(S1), S342. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.745
    73. Stansfeld, S., & Candy, B. (2006). Psychosocial Work Environment and Mental Health—A meta-analytic review. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 32(6), 443 462. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.1050
    74. Stewart, W. F., Ricci, J. A., Chee, E., Hahn, S. R., & Morganstein, D. (2003). Cost of Lost Productive Work Time Among US Workers with Depression. JAMA, 289(23), 3135. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.23.3135
    75. Szeto, A. C. H., & Dobson, K. S. (2010). Reducing the stigma of mental disorders at work: A review of current workplace anti-stigma intervention programs. Applied & Preventive Psychology, 14(1 4), 41 56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appsy.2011.11.002
    76. The Mentally Healthy Workplace Alliance (2019). Productivity Commission Inquiry into Mental Health. Retrieved from https://www.pc.gov. au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/240463/sub209-mental-health.pdf. Accessed on 22 July 2024
    77. Udupa, N. S., Joine, T. E., Twenge, J. M., &McAlliste, C. (2023). Increases in poor mental health, mental distress, and depression symptoms among U.S. adults, 1993-2020. Journal Of Mood And Anxiety Disorders, 2, 100013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xjmad.2023.100013
    78. Uribe, J. M., Pinto, D. M., Vecino-Ortiz, A. I., Gómez‐Restrepo, C., & Rondón, M. (2017). Presenteeism, Absenteeism, and Lost Work Productivity among Depressive Patients from Five Cities of Colombia. Value In Health Regional Issues, 14, 15 19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vhri.2017.03.001
    79. Van Veen, M., Oude Hengel, K.M., Schelvis, R.M.C. et al. Psychosocial work factors affecting mental health of young workers: a systematic review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 96, 57–75 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-022-01907-y
    80. Vigo, D., Thornicroft, G., & Atun, R. (2016). Estimating the true global burden of mental illness. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 3(2), 171-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00505-2
    81. Waechter, R., Gallant, C., De Wilde, K., Arens, G., Brady, T. M., Custodio, J., Wakita, Y., Landon, B., Boateng, Y., Parthab, N., & Bhagat, A. (2023). Prevention of Mental Illness within Public Health : an analysis of progress via systematic literature review and a Pathway Forward. Preventive Medicine Reports, 34, 102249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102249
    82. Wang, G., Si, T., Li, L., Fang, Y., Wang, C., Wang, L., Tan, K. G., Ettrup, A., Eriksen, H. F., Luo, S., & Liu, G. (2019). Cognitive Symptoms in Major Depressive Disorder : Associations with clinical and Functional outcomes in a 6-month, non-interventional, prospective study in China. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Volume 15, 1723 1736. https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s195505
    83. Wang, X., Wu, Y., Shi, X., Yu, C., Xu, Y., Xu, H., Ma, Y., & Zang, S. (2023). Associations of lifestyle with mental health and well-being in Chinese adults: a nationwide study. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1198796
    84. Woo, J. M., Kim, W., Hwang, T. Y., Frick, K. D., Choi, B. H., Seo, Y. J., Kang, E., Kim, S. J., Ham, B. J., Lee, J. H., & Park, Y. L. (2011). Impact of depression on work productivity and its improvement after outpatient treatment with antidepressants. Value in Health, 14(4), 475 482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2010.11.006
    85. World Health Organization. (2022). Mental health at work. https://www.who.int/teams/mental-health-and-substance-use/promotion-prevention/mental-health-in-the-workplace#:~:text=Everyone%20has%20the%20right%20to,contribute%20to%20worsening%20mental%20health. Accessed on march 3, 2024.
    86. World Health Organization. (2022). WHO guidelines on mental health at work. ISBN 978-92-4-005305-2 (electronic version). Geneva, Switzerland.
    87. Yang, S., Fu, Y., Dong, S., Yang, B., Li, Z., Feng, C., Reinhardt, J. D., Shi, W., Jia, P., Zeng, H., & Yu, B. (2023). Association between perceived noise at work and mental health among employed adults in southwest China. Journal of Affective Disorders, 343, 22 30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.09.029
    88. Zangeneh, M., & Al-Krenawi, A. (2019). Culture, Diversity and Mental Health - Enhancing Clinical Practice. In Advances in mental health and addiction. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26437-6
    89. Zeng, Z., Guo, Y., Lü, L., Han, L., Chen, W., & Li, L. (2014). Mental health status and work environment among workers in small- and medium-sized enterprises in Guangdong, China-a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1162

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2024 The Authors

How to cite

Hibaoui, K., & Naji, F. (2024). Employees’ mental health: The secret behind business success. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 7(12), 2024289. https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2024289
  • Article viewed - 334
  • PDF downloaded - 228