Paradiplomacy in the border: Overcoming forest fire in West Kalimantan – Sarawak border through the Sosek Malindo cooperation

Sean Yagoza; Ali Maksum

doi:10.31893/multirev.2024264

Keywords:

Abstract

This paper analyses the policies of the West Kalimantan Provincial Government in overcoming forest fires through the Indonesia-Malaysia Socio-Economic Cooperation (Sosek Malindo) on the West Kalimantan-Sawak border in 2019-2023. Forest fires are a regional issue but have transboundary impacts on neighboring countries. To overcome this, the West Kalimantan provincial government is implementing several cooperation strategies with the state of Sarawak to address forest fires on the border. The theory used is the concept of paradiplomacy and border management. This is a literature study with qualitative descriptive analysis methods and secondary data. With regard to cooperation, Sosek Malindo used forest fire prevention programs in three ways: socialization, regulation, and collaboration. Regarding its structural organization, Sosek Malindo still has some obstacles in managing border areas. Moreover, the local government must determine its cooperation policy to prove that paradiplomacy can be implemented in managing a state border area. This article assists other researchers in researching forest fire management on the West Kalimantan-Sarawak border through Sosek Malindo cooperation. Additionally, it suggests a combination of paradiplomacy concepts for managing border areas.
References
1. Antara News. (2023a). Pemprov Kalbar intensifkan peran semua pihak cegah kebakaran hutan dan lahan. 1–5. https://kalbar.antaranews.com/berita/543717/pemprov-kalbar-intensifkan-peran-semua-pihak-cegah-kebakaran-hutan-dan-lahan. Accessed on August 10, 2023
2. Antara News. (2023b). Polisi ajak warga dan perusahaan di Kubu Raya cegah karhutla. 1–10. https://kalbar.antaranews.com/berita/543582/polisi-ajak-warga-dan-perusahaan-di-kubu-raya-cegah-karhutla. Accessed on August 10, 2023
3. Arumningtyas, L., Saturi, S., & Nugraha, I. (2019). Kepatuhan Cegah Karhutla Rendah, KLHK Kaji Perampasan Keuntungan Korporasi. Mongabay, October, 1–4. https://www.mongabay.co.id/2019/10/10/kepatuhan-cegah-karhutla-rendah-klhk-kaji-perampasan-keuntungan-korporasi/. Accessed on July 25, 2023
4. Blake, G. H. (1998). The Objectives of Land Boundary Management. Boundary and Security Bulletin, 6(3), 55–59. www.dur.ac.uk/ibru/publications/view/?id=137
5. Bnpp.go.id. (2019). Polisi Selidiki Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan di Perbatasan RI-Malaysia. http://ppid.bnpp.go.id/news/newsdetail/322/polisi-selidiki-kebakaran-hutan-dan-lahan-di-perbatasan-ri-malaysia-. Accessed on August 10, 2023
6. Chan, F. K. S. (2012). Book Review: Rongxing Guo. Cross-Border Resource Management: Theory and Practice . Environment and Urbanization ASIA, 3(2), 423–426. https://doi.org/10.1177/0975425312473335
7. Fahrozi, F., Sumarlan, S., & Joostensz, T. G. (2019). Program Kelompok Kerja Sosial Ekonomi Indonesia - Malaysia (KK SOSEK MALINDO) di Kalimantan Barat Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Diplomasi Pertahanan Indonesia. Jurnal Diplomasi Pertahanan, 5(1), 69–84. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/196255896.pdf
8. Gaveau, D. L. A., Locatelli, B., Salim, M. A., Yaen, H., Pacheco, P., & Sheil, D. (2019). Rise and fall of forest loss and industrial plantations in borneo (2000–2017). Conservation Letters, 12(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12622
9. Guo, R. (2012). Studying Cross-Border Areas. Developments in Environmental Science, 10(1919), 47–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-098319-6.00002-9
10. Guo, R. (2018). Cross-Border Environmental Pollution and Management. In Cross-Border Resource Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-64002-4.00009-x
11. Irewati, A. (2005). Sikap Indonesia dalam Menghadapi Kejahatan Lintas Negara: Ilegal Logging di Kalimantan Barat dan Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal Penelitian Politik, 2(1), 85–96.
12. Jackson, T. (2018). Paradiplomacy and political geography: The geopolitics of substate regional diplomacy. Geography Compass, 12(2), e12357. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12357
13. Kalbar, P. (2016). Rencana Kontigensi Penanggulangan Asap Bencana Kebakaran Hutan Kalimantan Barat.
14. Kalbar, P. (2019). Total Luas Kawasan Hutan Lindung di prov ... http://data.kalbarprov.go.id/dataset/72f34c90-5bb9-4cd6-9fe5-45a4f83e97f9/resource/08c3e3c0-28db-4c80-891f-783cd4f043fb/download/114-total-luas-kawasan-hutan-lindung-di-prov-kalbar.xlsx
15. Keating, M. . & A. F. . (1999). Paradiplomacy in action: The foreign relations of subnational gpverments. In Routledge Series in Federal Studies (Vol. 17, Issue 8). http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0652/99020579-d.html
16. Keohane, R. O., & Nye, J. S. (1974). Introduction: The Complex Politics Of Canadian-American Interdependence. International Organization, 28(4), 595–607. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300005762
17. Kuznetsov, A. S. (2014). Theory and practice of paradiplomacy: Subnational governments in international affairs. In Theory and Practice of Paradiplomacy: Subnational Governments in International Affairs. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315817088
18. Latifah, A. L., Shabrina, A., Wahyuni, I. N., & Sadikin, R. (2019). Evaluation of Random Forest model for forest fire prediction based on climatology over Borneo. 2019 International Conference on Computer, Control, Informatics and Its Applications: Emerging Trends in Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, IC3INA 2019, 4–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/IC3INA48034.2019.8949588
19. Lequesne, C., & Paquin, S. (2017). Federalism, paradiplomacy and foreign policy: A case of mutual neglect. International Negotiation, 22(2), 183–204. https://doi.org/10.1163/15718069-22001133
20. Liu, T., & Song, Y. (2020). Chinese Paradiplomacy: A Theoretical Review. SAGE Open, 10(1), 215824401989904. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019899048
21. Menlhk. (2023a). Indikasi Luas Kebakaran di Kalimantan Barat. SiPongi Karhutla Monitoirng Sistem. https://sipongi.menlhk.go.id/. Accessed on December 20, 2023
22. Menlhk. (2023b). Indikasi Luas Kebakaran Kabupaten/Kota di Kalimantan Barat. SiPongi Karhutla Monitoirng Sistem. https://sipongi.menlhk.go.id/. Accessed on December 20, 2023
23. Muharrami, N. (2022). Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Kawasan Hutan Bagi Kesejahteraan Masyarakat. In Retrieved Februari 20, 2023, from kalbarprov.go.id. https://kalbarprov.go.id/berita/optimalisasi-pemanfaatan-kawasan-hutan-bagi-kesejahteraan-masyarakat.html. Accessed on February 20, 2023
24. Nugroho, S. P. (2019). 99% Penyebab Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Adalah Ulah Manusia. Bnpb.Go.Id. https://bnpb.go.id/99-penyebab-kebakaran-hutan-dan-lahan-adalah-ulah-manusia. Accessed on July 13 2023
25. Parker, N., & Adler-Nissen, R. (2012). Picking and choosing the “Sovereign” border: A theory of changing state bordering practices. Geopolitics, 17(4), 773–796. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2012.660582
26. Putri, A. (2020). Gubernur Sutarmidji Desak Bubarkan Sosek Malindo, Ancam Laporkan Kementerian ke Presiden Jokowi. Pontianak.Tribunnews.Com. https://pontianak.tribunnews.com/2020/02/11/gubernur-sutarmidji-desak-bubarkan-sosek-malindo-ancam-laporkan-kementerian-ke-presiden-jokowi?page=2. Accessed on February 20, 2023
27. Rachmawati, I., & Fauzan. (2012). Problem Diplomasi Perbatasan dalam Tata Kelola Perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 16(November). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.10896
28. Roy, S. L., Mirsawati, & Herwanto. (1991). Diplomasi/S. L. Roy ; penerjemah Herwanto, Mirsawati. Rajawali Press.
29. Rusmiyati, R., Hendiyani, M. F., Nooraini, A., & Alma’arif, A. (2022). Manajemen Perbatasan. In Cendikia Press (Vol. 6, Issue August). http://eprints2.ipdn.ac.id/id/eprint/1212/1/23. Manajemen Perbatasan Daerah.pdf
30. Siregar, F. (2017). Implikasi Hukum Kesepakatan Kerjasama Sosial Ekonomi Malaysia-Indonesia (SOSEK MALINDO) Terhadap Upaya Pencegahan Masuknya Barang Illegal Melalui Jalur Perbatasan Entikong di Kabupaten Sanggau. Jurnal Nestor Magister Hukum, 4(4), 1–23. https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/nestor/article/view/21056
31. Sosek Malindo. (2019). Keputusan Sidang ke-35 KK/JKK Sosek Malindo Tingkat Provinsi Kalimantan Barat - Peringkat Negri Sarawak.
32. Sosek Malindo. (2022). Kertas Kerja 2 Kerjasama Bidang Ekonomi, Perdagangan dan Perhubungan KK/JKK Sosek Malindo Tingkat/Peringkat Provinsi Kalimantan Barat - Negeri Sarawak.
33. Sosek Malindo. (2023). Kertas Kerja 2 Kerjasama Bidang Ekonomi, Perdagangan dan Perhubungan KK/JKK Sosek Malindo Tingkat/Peringkat Provinsi Kalimantan Barat - Negeri Sarawak.
34. Suhaili, W. S. H. (2022). Kebakaran Hutan Gambut: Mitigasi dan Manajemen Kawasan Konservasi di Brunei Darussalam. Journal of Tropical Silviculture, 13(01), 42–46. https://doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.13.01.42-46
35. Tomasek, A., Paddenburg, A. Van, & Wwf, E. B. (2009). Heart of Borneo. Heart of Borneo, 121, 1–13.
36. Wolff, S. (2007). Paradiplomacy: Scope, Opportunities and Challenges. The SAIS Europe Journal of Global Affairs, 1–13.
37. WWF. (2022). Heart of Borneo (HoB). Wwf. https://wwf.panda.org/discover/knowledge_hub/where_we_work/borneo_forests/. Accessed on July 13 2023

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to cite

Yagoza, S., & Maksum, A. (2024). Paradiplomacy in the border: Overcoming forest fire in West Kalimantan – Sarawak border through the Sosek Malindo cooperation. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 7(11), 2024264. https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2024264

[1] Antara News. (2023a). Pemprov Kalbar intensifkan peran semua pihak cegah kebakaran hutan dan lahan. 1–5. https://kalbar.antaranews.com/berita/543717/pemprov-kalbar-intensifkan-peran-semua-pihak-cegah-kebakaran-hutan-dan-lahan. Accessed on August 10, 2023

[2] Antara News. (2023b). Polisi ajak warga dan perusahaan di Kubu Raya cegah karhutla. 1–10. https://kalbar.antaranews.com/berita/543582/polisi-ajak-warga-dan-perusahaan-di-kubu-raya-cegah-karhutla. Accessed on August 10, 2023

[3] Arumningtyas, L., Saturi, S., & Nugraha, I. (2019). Kepatuhan Cegah Karhutla Rendah, KLHK Kaji Perampasan Keuntungan Korporasi. Mongabay, October, 1–4. https://www.mongabay.co.id/2019/10/10/kepatuhan-cegah-karhutla-rendah-klhk-kaji-perampasan-keuntungan-korporasi/. Accessed on July 25, 2023

[4] Blake, G. H. (1998). The Objectives of Land Boundary Management. Boundary and Security Bulletin, 6(3), 55–59. www.dur.ac.uk/ibru/publications/view/?id=137

[5] Bnpp.go.id. (2019). Polisi Selidiki Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan di Perbatasan RI-Malaysia. http://ppid.bnpp.go.id/news/newsdetail/322/polisi-selidiki-kebakaran-hutan-dan-lahan-di-perbatasan-ri-malaysia-. Accessed on August 10, 2023

[6] Chan, F. K. S. (2012). Book Review: Rongxing Guo. Cross-Border Resource Management: Theory and Practice . Environment and Urbanization ASIA, 3(2), 423–426. https://doi.org/10.1177/0975425312473335

[7] Fahrozi, F., Sumarlan, S., & Joostensz, T. G. (2019). Program Kelompok Kerja Sosial Ekonomi Indonesia - Malaysia (KK SOSEK MALINDO) di Kalimantan Barat Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Diplomasi Pertahanan Indonesia. Jurnal Diplomasi Pertahanan, 5(1), 69–84. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/196255896.pdf

[8] Gaveau, D. L. A., Locatelli, B., Salim, M. A., Yaen, H., Pacheco, P., & Sheil, D. (2019). Rise and fall of forest loss and industrial plantations in borneo (2000–2017). Conservation Letters, 12(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12622

[9] Guo, R. (2012). Studying Cross-Border Areas. Developments in Environmental Science, 10(1919), 47–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-098319-6.00002-9

[10] Guo, R. (2018). Cross-Border Environmental Pollution and Management. In Cross-Border Resource Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-64002-4.00009-x

[11] Irewati, A. (2005). Sikap Indonesia dalam Menghadapi Kejahatan Lintas Negara: Ilegal Logging di Kalimantan Barat dan Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal Penelitian Politik, 2(1), 85–96.

[12] Jackson, T. (2018). Paradiplomacy and political geography: The geopolitics of substate regional diplomacy. Geography Compass, 12(2), e12357. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12357

[13] Kalbar, P. (2016). Rencana Kontigensi Penanggulangan Asap Bencana Kebakaran Hutan Kalimantan Barat.

[14] Kalbar, P. (2019). Total Luas Kawasan Hutan Lindung di prov ... http://data.kalbarprov.go.id/dataset/72f34c90-5bb9-4cd6-9fe5-45a4f83e97f9/resource/08c3e3c0-28db-4c80-891f-783cd4f043fb/download/114-total-luas-kawasan-hutan-lindung-di-prov-kalbar.xlsx

[15] Keating, M. . & A. F. . (1999). Paradiplomacy in action: The foreign relations of subnational gpverments. In Routledge Series in Federal Studies (Vol. 17, Issue 8). http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0652/99020579-d.html

[16] Keohane, R. O., & Nye, J. S. (1974). Introduction: The Complex Politics Of Canadian-American Interdependence. International Organization, 28(4), 595–607. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300005762

[17] Kuznetsov, A. S. (2014). Theory and practice of paradiplomacy: Subnational governments in international affairs. In Theory and Practice of Paradiplomacy: Subnational Governments in International Affairs. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315817088

[18] Latifah, A. L., Shabrina, A., Wahyuni, I. N., & Sadikin, R. (2019). Evaluation of Random Forest model for forest fire prediction based on climatology over Borneo. 2019 International Conference on Computer, Control, Informatics and Its Applications: Emerging Trends in Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, IC3INA 2019, 4–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/IC3INA48034.2019.8949588

[19] Lequesne, C., & Paquin, S. (2017). Federalism, paradiplomacy and foreign policy: A case of mutual neglect. International Negotiation, 22(2), 183–204. https://doi.org/10.1163/15718069-22001133

[20] Liu, T., & Song, Y. (2020). Chinese Paradiplomacy: A Theoretical Review. SAGE Open, 10(1), 215824401989904. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019899048

[21] Menlhk. (2023a). Indikasi Luas Kebakaran di Kalimantan Barat. SiPongi Karhutla Monitoirng Sistem. https://sipongi.menlhk.go.id/. Accessed on December 20, 2023

[22] Menlhk. (2023b). Indikasi Luas Kebakaran Kabupaten/Kota di Kalimantan Barat. SiPongi Karhutla Monitoirng Sistem. https://sipongi.menlhk.go.id/. Accessed on December 20, 2023

[23] Muharrami, N. (2022). Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Kawasan Hutan Bagi Kesejahteraan Masyarakat. In Retrieved Februari 20, 2023, from kalbarprov.go.id. https://kalbarprov.go.id/berita/optimalisasi-pemanfaatan-kawasan-hutan-bagi-kesejahteraan-masyarakat.html. Accessed on February 20, 2023

[24] Nugroho, S. P. (2019). 99% Penyebab Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Adalah Ulah Manusia. Bnpb.Go.Id. https://bnpb.go.id/99-penyebab-kebakaran-hutan-dan-lahan-adalah-ulah-manusia. Accessed on July 13 2023

[25] Parker, N., & Adler-Nissen, R. (2012). Picking and choosing the “Sovereign” border: A theory of changing state bordering practices. Geopolitics, 17(4), 773–796. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2012.660582

[26] Putri, A. (2020). Gubernur Sutarmidji Desak Bubarkan Sosek Malindo, Ancam Laporkan Kementerian ke Presiden Jokowi. Pontianak.Tribunnews.Com. https://pontianak.tribunnews.com/2020/02/11/gubernur-sutarmidji-desak-bubarkan-sosek-malindo-ancam-laporkan-kementerian-ke-presiden-jokowi?page=2. Accessed on February 20, 2023

[27] Rachmawati, I., & Fauzan. (2012). Problem Diplomasi Perbatasan dalam Tata Kelola Perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 16(November). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.10896

[28] Roy, S. L., Mirsawati, & Herwanto. (1991). Diplomasi/S. L. Roy ; penerjemah Herwanto, Mirsawati. Rajawali Press.

[29] Rusmiyati, R., Hendiyani, M. F., Nooraini, A., & Alma’arif, A. (2022). Manajemen Perbatasan. In Cendikia Press (Vol. 6, Issue August). http://eprints2.ipdn.ac.id/id/eprint/1212/1/23. Manajemen Perbatasan Daerah.pdf

[30] Siregar, F. (2017). Implikasi Hukum Kesepakatan Kerjasama Sosial Ekonomi Malaysia-Indonesia (SOSEK MALINDO) Terhadap Upaya Pencegahan Masuknya Barang Illegal Melalui Jalur Perbatasan Entikong di Kabupaten Sanggau. Jurnal Nestor Magister Hukum, 4(4), 1–23. https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/nestor/article/view/21056

[31] Sosek Malindo. (2019). Keputusan Sidang ke-35 KK/JKK Sosek Malindo Tingkat Provinsi Kalimantan Barat - Peringkat Negri Sarawak.

[32] Sosek Malindo. (2022). Kertas Kerja 2 Kerjasama Bidang Ekonomi, Perdagangan dan Perhubungan KK/JKK Sosek Malindo Tingkat/Peringkat Provinsi Kalimantan Barat - Negeri Sarawak.

[33] Sosek Malindo. (2023). Kertas Kerja 2 Kerjasama Bidang Ekonomi, Perdagangan dan Perhubungan KK/JKK Sosek Malindo Tingkat/Peringkat Provinsi Kalimantan Barat - Negeri Sarawak.

[34] Suhaili, W. S. H. (2022). Kebakaran Hutan Gambut: Mitigasi dan Manajemen Kawasan Konservasi di Brunei Darussalam. Journal of Tropical Silviculture, 13(01), 42–46. https://doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.13.01.42-46

[35] Tomasek, A., Paddenburg, A. Van, & Wwf, E. B. (2009). Heart of Borneo. Heart of Borneo, 121, 1–13.

[36] Wolff, S. (2007). Paradiplomacy: Scope, Opportunities and Challenges. The SAIS Europe Journal of Global Affairs, 1–13.

[37] WWF. (2022). Heart of Borneo (HoB). Wwf. https://wwf.panda.org/discover/knowledge_hub/where_we_work/borneo_forests/. Accessed on July 13 2023

Abstract

References

How to cite