Clinical significance of measuring fatty acids in biological fluids of dairy cows (in blood and milk) with a focus on heat stress

Roman Mylostyvyi; Olena Izhboldina; Svitlana Midyk; Nikolay Cherniy; Мaryna Lieshchova; Pavlo Skliarov; Bogdan Gutyj; Valentyna Kornienko; Daria Mylostуva

doi:10.31893/multirev.2022011

Keywords:

Abstract

Fatty acids (FA) have a variety of functions in animal bodies. They can be used as metabolic biomarkers, including in pathological conditions. Heat stress (HS) is accompanied by a drop in productivity in dairy cows, resulting from a negative energy balance (NEB), impaired biochemical processes in the body and suppressed immune system. The paper describes the role of individual FAs, the changes in content and ratio of which in serum and milk can be used to assess the physiological state or to predict HS in dairy cows. The purpose of the review has been to show the prospects in the study of the fatty acid composition of biological fluids (blood and milk) to assess the clinical status of dairy cows under HS and the consequences of the possible impact of heat on dairy product quality. Dietary strategies to correct the body's clinical status through dietary FAs have also been mentioned in this literature review.
References
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2. Bohl M., Bjørnshave A., Larsen M.K., Gregersen S., Hermansen K. (2016) The effects of proteins and medium-chain fatty acids from milk on body composition, insulin sensitivity and blood pressure in abdominally obese adults. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 71:76-82.
3. Brzozowska A., Lukaszewicz M., Oprzadek J. (2018) Energy-Protein Supplementation and Lactation Affect Fatty Acid Profile of Liver and Adipose Tissue of Dairy Cows. Molecules 23:618.
4. Caron J.P., Gandy J.C., Brown J.L., Sordillo L.M. (2018) Docosahexaenoic acid-derived oxidised lipid metabolites modulate the inflammatory response of lipolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators 136:76-83.
5. Chang-Fung-Martel J., Harrison M.T., Brown J.N., Rawnsley R., Smith A.P., Meinke H. (2021) Negative relationship between dry matter intake and the temperature-humidity index with increasing heat stress in cattle: a global meta-analysis. International Journal of Biometeorology 65:2099-2109.
6. Contreras G.A., Strieder-Barboza C., de Souza J., Gandy J., Mavangira V., Lock A.L., Sordillo L.M. (2017) Periparturient lipolysis and oxylipid biosynthesis in bovine adipose tissues. PLOS ONE 12:e0188621.
7. Cruz VAR, Oliveira H.R., Brito L.F., Fleming A., Larmer S., Miglior F., Schenkel F.S. (2019) Genome-Wide Association Study for Milk Fatty Acids in Holstein Cattle Accounting for the DGAT1 Gene Effect. Animals 9:997.
8. Danchuk V., Ushkalov V., Midyk S., Vigovska L., Danchuk O., Korniyenko V. (2021) Milk lipids and subclinical mastitis. Food Science and Technology 15.
9. De Koster J, Salavati M, Grelet C, Crowe MA, Matthews E, O'Flaherty R, Opsomer G, Foldager L, Hostens M (2019) Prediction of metabolic clusters in early-lactation dairy cows using models based on milk biomarkers. Journal of Dairy Science 102:2631-2644.
10. Didenko VI, Klenina IA, Babii, SO, Karachynova VA (2017) Topicality of identification of free fatty acids pattern in biologic substrates in the diagnosis of gastroenterological diseases. Gastroenterology 51:137-143.
11. Dipasquale D, Basiricò L, Morera P, Primi R, Tröscher A, Bernabucci U (2018) Anti-inflammatory effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers and essential fatty acids in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Animal 12:2108-2114.
12. Douglas GN, Rehage J, Beaulieu AD, Bahaa AO, Drackley, JK (2007) Prepartum Nutrition Alters Fatty Acid Composition in Plasma, Adipose Tissue, and Liver Lipids of Periparturient Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90:2941-2959.
13. Fan C, Su D, Tian H, Hu R, Ran L, Yang Y, Su Y, Cheng J (2019) Milk production and composition and metabolic alterations in the mammary gland of heat-stressed lactating dairy cows. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 186:2844-2853.
14. Hammami H, Vandenplas J, Vanrobays M-L, Rekik B, Bastin C, Gengler, N (2015) Genetic analysis of heat stress effects on yield traits, udder health, and fatty acids of Walloon Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 98:4956-4968.
15. Hanuš O, Samková E, Křížová L, Hasoňová L, Kala R (2018) Role of Fatty Acids in Milk Fat and the Influence of Selected Factors on Their Variability—A Review. Molecules 23:1636.
16. Heinicke J, Hoffmann G, Ammon C, Amon B, Amon T (2018) Effects of the daily heat load duration exceeding determined heat load thresholds on activity traits of lactating dairy cows. Journal of thermal biology 77:67-74.
17. Herbut P, Angrecka S, Godyn D, Hoffmann G. (2019) The physiological and productivity effects of heat stress in cattle – a review. Ann Anim Sci 19:579-594.
18. Hoffmann G, Herbut P, Pinto S, Heinicke J, Kuhla B, Amon T (2020) Animal-related, non-invasive indicators for determining heat stress in dairy cows. Biosystems Engineering 199:83-96.
19. Kasubuchi M, Hasegawa S, Hiramatsu T, Ichimura A, Kimura I (2015) Dietary Gut Microbial Metabolites, Short-chain Fatty Acids, and Host Metabolic Regulation. Nutrients 7:2839-2849.
20. Kim CH (2021) Control of lymphocyte functions by gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids. Cellular & Molecular Immunology 18:1161-1171.
21. Kitessa SM, Gulati SK, Ashes JR, Fleck E, Scott TW, Nichols PD (2001) Utilisation of fish oil in ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology 89:201-208.
22. Kovalchuk IM, Gzhegotsky MR., Rivis YF., Kovalchuk SM (2018) Modification of the fatty acid composition of phospholipids in liver, myocardium and plasma tissues under the influence of ionising radiation and with the prior application of a hydrogen sulfide donor. Bulletin of Problems Biology and Medicine 1.2:130.
23. Lees AM, Sejian V, Wallage AL, Steel CC, Mader TL, Lees JC, Gaughan JB (2019) The Impact of Heat Load on Cattle. Animals 9:322.
24. Liu Z, Ezernieks V, Wang J, Arachchillage NW, Garner JB, Wales WJ, Cocks BG, Rochfort S (2017) Heat Stress in Dairy Cattle Alters Lipid Composition of Milk. Scientific Reports 7.
25. Lopez A, Vasconi M, Moretti VM, Bellagamba F (2019) Fatty Acid Profile in Goat Milk from High- and Low-Input Conventional and Organic Systems. Animals 9:452.
26. Lu J, Antunes Fernandes E, Páez Cano AE, Vinitwatanakhun J, Boeren S, van Hooijdonk T, Hettinga KA (2013). Changes in Milk Proteome and Metabolome Associated with Dry Period Length, Energy Balance, and Lactation Stage in Postparturient Dairy Cows. Journal of Proteome Research 12:3288-3296.
27. Mavangira V, Sordillo, LM (2018) Role of lipid mediators in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in dairy cattle. Research in Veterinary Science 116:4-14.
28. McManus C, Louvandini H, Hermuche P, Guimarães R, Carvalho Junior OA de, Pimentel F, Pimentel D, Paiva S, Peripolli V (2022) Genetic and geographical integration for ruminant production under climate change with particular emphasis on Brazil. Applied Veterinary Research 1:1-2.
29. Müschner-Siemens T, Hoffmann G, Ammon C, Amon T (2020) Daily rumination time of lactating dairy cows under heat stress conditions. Journal of Thermal Biology 88:102484.
30. Mylostyvyi R, Lesnovskay O, Karlova L, Khmeleva O, Кalinichenko O, Orishchuk O, Tsap S, Begma N, Cherniy N, Gutyj B, Izhboldina, O (2021a) Brown Swiss cows are more heat resistant than Holstein cows under hot summer conditions of the continental climate of Ukraine. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology 9:1-8.
31. Mylostyvyi R, Sejian V, Izhboldina O, Kalinichenko O, Karlova L, Lesnovskay O, Begma N, Marenkov O, Lykhach V, Midyk S, Cherniy N, Gutyj B, Hoffmann G (2021b) Changes in the Spectrum of Free Fatty Acids in Blood Serum of Dairy Cows during a Prolonged Summer Heat Wave. Animals 11:3391.
32. Mylostуva D, Prudnikov V, Kolisnyk O, Lykhach A, Begma N, Кalinichenko O, Khmeleva O, Sanzhara R, Izhboldina O, Mylostyvyi R (2022) Biochemical changes during heat stress in productive animals with an emphasis on the antioxidant defense system. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology 10:1-9.
33. Okuyama H (1996) Dietary fatty acids? The n-6/n-3 balance and chronic elderly diseases. Excess linoleic acid and relative n-3 deficiency syndrome seen in Japan. Progress in Lipid Research 35:409-457.
34. Pinto S, Hoffmann G, Ammon C, Amon T (2020) Critical THI thresholds based on the physiological parameters of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Thermal Biology 88:102523.
35. Polsky L, von Keyserlingk MAG (2017) Invited review: Effects of heat stress on dairy cattle welfare. Journal of Dairy Science 100:8645-8657.
36. Qin N, Bayat AR, Trevisi E, Minuti A, Kairenius P, Viitala S, Vilkki J (2018) Dietary supplement of conjugated linoleic acids or polyunsaturated fatty acids suppressed the mobilisation of body fat reserves in dairy cows at early lactation through different pathways. Journal of Dairy Science 101:7954-7970.
37. Raphael W, Sordillo L (2013) Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Inflammation: The Role of Phospholipid Biosynthesis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 14:21167-21188.
38. Revskij D, Haubold S, Viergutz T, Kröger-Koch C, Tuchscherer A, Kienberger H, Mielenz M (2019) Dietary Fatty Acids Affect Red Blood Cell Membrane Composition and Red Blood Cell ATP Release in Dairy Cows. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20:2769.
39. Ryman VE, Packiriswamy N, Norby B, Schmidt SE, Lock, AL, Sordillo LM (2017) Supplementation of linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) or α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) changes microbial agonist-induced oxylipid biosynthesis. Journal of Dairy Science 100:1870-1887.
40. Sá-Filho GF de, Dantas MR, Santos MM dos, Lima SP de, Dantas MRT, Costa LL de M (2018) Uma perspectiva comportamental da termorregulação de emas (Rhea americana). Multidisciplinary Reviews 1:e2018001.
41. Silva JJFC, Costa LL de M (2018) Aspectos da termorregulação de caprinos em ambientes quentes. Multidisciplinary Reviews 1:e2018003.
42. Thorburn AN, McKenzie CI, Shen S, Stanley D, Macia L, Mason LJ, Mackay CR (2015) Evidence that asthma is a developmental origin disease influenced by maternal diet and bacterial metabolites. Nature Communications 6.
43. Tian H, Zheng N, Wang W, Cheng J, Li S, Zhang Y, Wang J (2016) Integrated Metabolomics Study of the Milk of Heat-stressed Lactating Dairy Cows. Scientific Reports, 6.
44. Wheelock JB, Rhoads RP, VanBaale MJ, Sanders SR, Baumgard LH (2010) Effects of heat stress on energetic metabolism in lactating Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 93:644-655.
45. Yin H, Zhu M (2012) Free radical oxidation of cardiolipin: chemical mechanisms, detection and implication in apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and human diseases. Free Radical Research 46:959–974.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to cite

Mylostyvyi, R., Izhboldina, O., Midyk, S., Cherniy, N., Lieshchova М., Skliarov, P., Gutyj, B., Kornienko, V., & Mylostуva D. (2022). Clinical significance of measuring fatty acids in biological fluids of dairy cows (in blood and milk) with a focus on heat stress. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 5(2), 2022011. https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2022011

[1] Bernabucci U., Lacetera N., Baumgard L.H., Rhoads R.P., Ronchi B., Nardone A. (2010) Metabolic and hormonal acclimation to heat stress in domesticated ruminants. Animal 4:1167-1183.

[2] Bohl M., Bjørnshave A., Larsen M.K., Gregersen S., Hermansen K. (2016) The effects of proteins and medium-chain fatty acids from milk on body composition, insulin sensitivity and blood pressure in abdominally obese adults. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 71:76-82.

[3] Brzozowska A., Lukaszewicz M., Oprzadek J. (2018) Energy-Protein Supplementation and Lactation Affect Fatty Acid Profile of Liver and Adipose Tissue of Dairy Cows. Molecules 23:618.

[4] Caron J.P., Gandy J.C., Brown J.L., Sordillo L.M. (2018) Docosahexaenoic acid-derived oxidised lipid metabolites modulate the inflammatory response of lipolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators 136:76-83.

[5] Chang-Fung-Martel J., Harrison M.T., Brown J.N., Rawnsley R., Smith A.P., Meinke H. (2021) Negative relationship between dry matter intake and the temperature-humidity index with increasing heat stress in cattle: a global meta-analysis. International Journal of Biometeorology 65:2099-2109.

[6] Contreras G.A., Strieder-Barboza C., de Souza J., Gandy J., Mavangira V., Lock A.L., Sordillo L.M. (2017) Periparturient lipolysis and oxylipid biosynthesis in bovine adipose tissues. PLOS ONE 12:e0188621.

[7] Cruz VAR, Oliveira H.R., Brito L.F., Fleming A., Larmer S., Miglior F., Schenkel F.S. (2019) Genome-Wide Association Study for Milk Fatty Acids in Holstein Cattle Accounting for the DGAT1 Gene Effect. Animals 9:997.

[8] Danchuk V., Ushkalov V., Midyk S., Vigovska L., Danchuk O., Korniyenko V. (2021) Milk lipids and subclinical mastitis. Food Science and Technology 15.

[9] De Koster J, Salavati M, Grelet C, Crowe MA, Matthews E, O'Flaherty R, Opsomer G, Foldager L, Hostens M (2019) Prediction of metabolic clusters in early-lactation dairy cows using models based on milk biomarkers. Journal of Dairy Science 102:2631-2644.

[10] Didenko VI, Klenina IA, Babii, SO, Karachynova VA (2017) Topicality of identification of free fatty acids pattern in biologic substrates in the diagnosis of gastroenterological diseases. Gastroenterology 51:137-143.

[11] Dipasquale D, Basiricò L, Morera P, Primi R, Tröscher A, Bernabucci U (2018) Anti-inflammatory effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers and essential fatty acids in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Animal 12:2108-2114.

[12] Douglas GN, Rehage J, Beaulieu AD, Bahaa AO, Drackley, JK (2007) Prepartum Nutrition Alters Fatty Acid Composition in Plasma, Adipose Tissue, and Liver Lipids of Periparturient Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90:2941-2959.

[13] Fan C, Su D, Tian H, Hu R, Ran L, Yang Y, Su Y, Cheng J (2019) Milk production and composition and metabolic alterations in the mammary gland of heat-stressed lactating dairy cows. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 186:2844-2853.

[14] Hammami H, Vandenplas J, Vanrobays M-L, Rekik B, Bastin C, Gengler, N (2015) Genetic analysis of heat stress effects on yield traits, udder health, and fatty acids of Walloon Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 98:4956-4968.

[15] Hanuš O, Samková E, Křížová L, Hasoňová L, Kala R (2018) Role of Fatty Acids in Milk Fat and the Influence of Selected Factors on Their Variability—A Review. Molecules 23:1636.

[16] Heinicke J, Hoffmann G, Ammon C, Amon B, Amon T (2018) Effects of the daily heat load duration exceeding determined heat load thresholds on activity traits of lactating dairy cows. Journal of thermal biology 77:67-74.

[17] Herbut P, Angrecka S, Godyn D, Hoffmann G. (2019) The physiological and productivity effects of heat stress in cattle – a review. Ann Anim Sci 19:579-594.

[18] Hoffmann G, Herbut P, Pinto S, Heinicke J, Kuhla B, Amon T (2020) Animal-related, non-invasive indicators for determining heat stress in dairy cows. Biosystems Engineering 199:83-96.

[19] Kasubuchi M, Hasegawa S, Hiramatsu T, Ichimura A, Kimura I (2015) Dietary Gut Microbial Metabolites, Short-chain Fatty Acids, and Host Metabolic Regulation. Nutrients 7:2839-2849.

[20] Kim CH (2021) Control of lymphocyte functions by gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids. Cellular & Molecular Immunology 18:1161-1171.

[21] Kitessa SM, Gulati SK, Ashes JR, Fleck E, Scott TW, Nichols PD (2001) Utilisation of fish oil in ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology 89:201-208.

[22] Kovalchuk IM, Gzhegotsky MR., Rivis YF., Kovalchuk SM (2018) Modification of the fatty acid composition of phospholipids in liver, myocardium and plasma tissues under the influence of ionising radiation and with the prior application of a hydrogen sulfide donor. Bulletin of Problems Biology and Medicine 1.2:130.

[23] Lees AM, Sejian V, Wallage AL, Steel CC, Mader TL, Lees JC, Gaughan JB (2019) The Impact of Heat Load on Cattle. Animals 9:322.

[24] Liu Z, Ezernieks V, Wang J, Arachchillage NW, Garner JB, Wales WJ, Cocks BG, Rochfort S (2017) Heat Stress in Dairy Cattle Alters Lipid Composition of Milk. Scientific Reports 7.

[25] Lopez A, Vasconi M, Moretti VM, Bellagamba F (2019) Fatty Acid Profile in Goat Milk from High- and Low-Input Conventional and Organic Systems. Animals 9:452.

[26] Lu J, Antunes Fernandes E, Páez Cano AE, Vinitwatanakhun J, Boeren S, van Hooijdonk T, Hettinga KA (2013). Changes in Milk Proteome and Metabolome Associated with Dry Period Length, Energy Balance, and Lactation Stage in Postparturient Dairy Cows. Journal of Proteome Research 12:3288-3296.

[27] Mavangira V, Sordillo, LM (2018) Role of lipid mediators in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in dairy cattle. Research in Veterinary Science 116:4-14.

[28] McManus C, Louvandini H, Hermuche P, Guimarães R, Carvalho Junior OA de, Pimentel F, Pimentel D, Paiva S, Peripolli V (2022) Genetic and geographical integration for ruminant production under climate change with particular emphasis on Brazil. Applied Veterinary Research 1:1-2.

[29] Müschner-Siemens T, Hoffmann G, Ammon C, Amon T (2020) Daily rumination time of lactating dairy cows under heat stress conditions. Journal of Thermal Biology 88:102484.

[30] Mylostyvyi R, Lesnovskay O, Karlova L, Khmeleva O, Кalinichenko O, Orishchuk O, Tsap S, Begma N, Cherniy N, Gutyj B, Izhboldina, O (2021a) Brown Swiss cows are more heat resistant than Holstein cows under hot summer conditions of the continental climate of Ukraine. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology 9:1-8.

[31] Mylostyvyi R, Sejian V, Izhboldina O, Kalinichenko O, Karlova L, Lesnovskay O, Begma N, Marenkov O, Lykhach V, Midyk S, Cherniy N, Gutyj B, Hoffmann G (2021b) Changes in the Spectrum of Free Fatty Acids in Blood Serum of Dairy Cows during a Prolonged Summer Heat Wave. Animals 11:3391.

[32] Mylostуva D, Prudnikov V, Kolisnyk O, Lykhach A, Begma N, Кalinichenko O, Khmeleva O, Sanzhara R, Izhboldina O, Mylostyvyi R (2022) Biochemical changes during heat stress in productive animals with an emphasis on the antioxidant defense system. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology 10:1-9.

[33] Okuyama H (1996) Dietary fatty acids? The n-6/n-3 balance and chronic elderly diseases. Excess linoleic acid and relative n-3 deficiency syndrome seen in Japan. Progress in Lipid Research 35:409-457.

[34] Pinto S, Hoffmann G, Ammon C, Amon T (2020) Critical THI thresholds based on the physiological parameters of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Thermal Biology 88:102523.

[35] Polsky L, von Keyserlingk MAG (2017) Invited review: Effects of heat stress on dairy cattle welfare. Journal of Dairy Science 100:8645-8657.

[36] Qin N, Bayat AR, Trevisi E, Minuti A, Kairenius P, Viitala S, Vilkki J (2018) Dietary supplement of conjugated linoleic acids or polyunsaturated fatty acids suppressed the mobilisation of body fat reserves in dairy cows at early lactation through different pathways. Journal of Dairy Science 101:7954-7970.

[37] Raphael W, Sordillo L (2013) Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Inflammation: The Role of Phospholipid Biosynthesis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 14:21167-21188.

[38] Revskij D, Haubold S, Viergutz T, Kröger-Koch C, Tuchscherer A, Kienberger H, Mielenz M (2019) Dietary Fatty Acids Affect Red Blood Cell Membrane Composition and Red Blood Cell ATP Release in Dairy Cows. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20:2769.

[39] Ryman VE, Packiriswamy N, Norby B, Schmidt SE, Lock, AL, Sordillo LM (2017) Supplementation of linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) or α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) changes microbial agonist-induced oxylipid biosynthesis. Journal of Dairy Science 100:1870-1887.

[40] Sá-Filho GF de, Dantas MR, Santos MM dos, Lima SP de, Dantas MRT, Costa LL de M (2018) Uma perspectiva comportamental da termorregulação de emas (Rhea americana). Multidisciplinary Reviews 1:e2018001.

[41] Silva JJFC, Costa LL de M (2018) Aspectos da termorregulação de caprinos em ambientes quentes. Multidisciplinary Reviews 1:e2018003.

[42] Thorburn AN, McKenzie CI, Shen S, Stanley D, Macia L, Mason LJ, Mackay CR (2015) Evidence that asthma is a developmental origin disease influenced by maternal diet and bacterial metabolites. Nature Communications 6.

[43] Tian H, Zheng N, Wang W, Cheng J, Li S, Zhang Y, Wang J (2016) Integrated Metabolomics Study of the Milk of Heat-stressed Lactating Dairy Cows. Scientific Reports, 6.

[44] Wheelock JB, Rhoads RP, VanBaale MJ, Sanders SR, Baumgard LH (2010) Effects of heat stress on energetic metabolism in lactating Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 93:644-655.

[45] Yin H, Zhu M (2012) Free radical oxidation of cardiolipin: chemical mechanisms, detection and implication in apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and human diseases. Free Radical Research 46:959–974.

Abstract

References

How to cite