The efficacy of Alpha Lipoic Acid in public health and veterinary medicine: a review paper

Zainab Abdul Hussein Saud

doi:10.31893/multirev.2022002

Keywords:

Abstract

Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) is a fatty acid that mainly synthases mammals and plants. Alpha lipoic acid is found in trace amounts, soluble in water and fat. ALA plays an essential role in the body's synthases of glutathione, the body's most important endogenous antioxidant, supporting healthy vision, protecting cells from free radicals, and enhancing liver functions. Additionally, ALA helps dissolve toxic substances in the liver. In the present review, we described the history with the physical and biochemical properties of ALA besides highlighting its functions in living organisms. We also reviewed the benefits of using synthetic forms of ALA in domestic animals to prevent and treat medical disorders. In conclusion, in addition to its role in enhancing body functions, ALA also plays a major role as a valuable antioxidant that could give an advantage to its use as a promising treatment against the widespread infection in animals and humans.
References
1. Alabada, HKM, Saleh WMM (2020) Vitamin D Effectiveness and Pathology in Humans and Domestic Animals. Multidisciplinary Reviews 3:e2020010.
2. Anthony, RM, Jennifer MM, Kathy LG (2021) Alpha-Lipoic Acid as a Nutritive Supplement for Humans and Animals: An Overview of Its Use in Dog Food. Animals 11:1454.
3. Anthony, R M, Jennifer M.M, Dennis EJ, John JB, Kathy LG (2021) Alpha-Lipoic Acid Is an Effective Nutritive Antioxidant for Healthy Adult Dogs. Animals 11:274.
4. Attia, EAH, Zaki RM, Elkordy AA (2020) An Overview of the Antioxidant Effects of Ascorbic Acid and Alpha Lipoic Acid (in Liposomal Forms) as Adjuvant in Cancer Treatment. Antioxidants 9:359.
5. Berg, MDL, Rottinghaus GE, Chen Y, Berg EP, Ganjam VK, Keisler DH (2012) The Effects of Lipoic Acid Supplementation on Blood Glucose and Insulin Concentrations in Pony Mares. The Professional Animal Scientist 28:632–38.
6. Berkson, BB (2010) The Alpha Lipoic Acid Breakthrough: The Superb Antioxidant That May Slow Aging, Repair Liver Damage, and Reduce the Risk of Cancer, Heart Disease, and Diabetes. Harmony.
7. Budin, SB, Othman F, Louis SR, Abu AB, Radzi M, Osman K, Das K, Mohamed J (2009) Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid on Oxidative Stress and Vascular Wall of Diabetic Rats." Rom J Morphol Embryol 50:23–30.
8. Carrier, BC, Rideout CT (2013) Anti-Obesity and Lipid-Lowering Properties of Alpha-Lipoic Acid. J. Hum. Nutr. Food Sci 1:1002.
9. Fabra, MC., Izquierdo L, Anchordoquy JM, Anchordoquy JP, Carranza-Martín AC, Nikoloff N, Furnus CC (2020) Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid during Preimplantation Development of Cattle Embryos When There Were Different in Vitro Culture Conditions. Animal Reproduction Science 221:106550.
10. Gomes, MB, Negrato CA (2014) Alpha-Lipoic Acid as a Pleiotropic Compound with Potential Therapeutic Use in Diabetes and Other Chronic Diseases. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome 6:1–18.
11. Gorąca, AG, Huk-Kolega H, Piechota A, Kleniewska P, Ciejka E, Skibska B (2011) Lipoic Acid-Biological Activity and Therapeutic Potential. Pharmacological Reports 63:849–58.
12. Hofmann, MH, Mainka P, Tritschler H, Fuchs J, Zimmer G (1995) Decrease of Red Cell Membrane Fluidity And-SH Groups Due to Hyperglycemic Conditions Is Counteracted by α-Lipoic Acid1. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 324:85–92.
13. Jones, WJ, Li X, Qu ZC, Perriott L, Whitesell RR, May JM (2002) Uptake, Recycling, and Antioxidant Actions of α-Lipoic Acid in Endothelial Cells. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 33:83–93.
14. Loftin, EG., Herold LV (2009) Therapy and Outcome of Suspected Alpha Lipoic Acid Toxicity in Two Dogs. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care 19:501–6.
15. Naji,HA (2017) The Effect of Zinc and Copper Deficiency on Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants Levels in the Sheep. Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research 16:344–55.
16. Naji, HA, Ahmed JA, Alsaad KM (2018) chronic copper poisoning of sheep at Basrah governorate, Iraq. Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research 17:3.
17. Naji, HA, Zenad MM (2016) Hematological and Histopathological Changes Induced by Cadmium Chloride Toxicity in Sheep, with Using Alpha Lipoic Acid as Antioxidant. Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research 15:83–96.
18. Naji, HA, Zenad MM (2015) Oxidative Stress in Sheep Induced by Cadmium Chloride Toxicity, with Therapeutic Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid. J. Anim. Feed Res 5:142–47.
19. Park, SP, Karunakaran U, Jeoung NH, Jeon JH, Lee IK (2014) Physiological Effect and Therapeutic Application of Alpha Lipoic Acid. Current Medicinal Chemistry 21:3636–45.
20. Rentier, CR, Pacini G, Nuti F, Rovero P, Papini AM (2015) Lipoylated Peptides and Proteins. Pp. 235–52 in Peptidomimetics II. Springer.
21. Saleh, WMM (2019) Clinical and Hematological Profiles Due to Cases of Minerals Deficiency in Local Ewes at Basra, Iraq. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 7:315–20.
22. Saleh, WMM, Naji HA, Lafta MH, Al-Husseiny SH, Ali F (2019) Clinical and Bacteriological Diagnosis of Foot-Rot in Beef Bulls in Basra. Biomedical Journal 1:5.
23. Salehi, BS, Yılmaz YB, Antika G, Tumer TB, Mahomoodally MF, Lobine D, Akram M, Riaz M, Capanoglu E, Sharopov F (2019) Insights on the Use of α-Lipoic Acid for Therapeutic Purposes. Biomolecules 9:356.
24. Salinthone, SS, Yadav V, Bourdette DN, Carr DW (2008) Lipoic Acid: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Multiple Sclerosis and Other Chronic Inflammatory Diseases of the CNS. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders) 8:132–42.
25. Shay, KP, Moreau RF, Smith EJ, Smith AR, Hagen TM (2009) Alpha-Lipoic Acid as a Dietary Supplement: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects 1790:1149–60.
26. Shindyapina, AV, Komarova TV, Sheshukova EV, Ershova NM, Tashlitsky VN, Kurkin AV, Yusupov LR, Mkrtchyan GV, Shagidulin MY, Dorokhov YL. (2017) The Antioxidant Cofactor Alpha-Lipoic Acid May Control Endogenous Formaldehyde Metabolism in Mammals. Frontiers in Neuroscience 11:651.
27. Târtea, GCl, Florescu DR, Mihailovici AR, Donoiu L, Istrătoaie O (2020) Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Vitamin B Complex Slow down the Changes in Mice Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology 61:521.
28. Zoheir, KMA, Harisa GL, Allam AA, Yang L, Li X, Liang A, Abd-Rabou AA, Harrath AH (2017) Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid on in Vitro Development of Bovine Secondary Preantral Follicles. Theriogenology 88:124–30.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to cite

Saud, Z. A. H. (2021). The efficacy of Alpha Lipoic Acid in public health and veterinary medicine: a review paper. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 5(1), 2022002. https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2022002

[1] Alabada, HKM, Saleh WMM (2020) Vitamin D Effectiveness and Pathology in Humans and Domestic Animals. Multidisciplinary Reviews 3:e2020010.

[2] Anthony, RM, Jennifer MM, Kathy LG (2021) Alpha-Lipoic Acid as a Nutritive Supplement for Humans and Animals: An Overview of Its Use in Dog Food. Animals 11:1454.

[3] Anthony, R M, Jennifer M.M, Dennis EJ, John JB, Kathy LG (2021) Alpha-Lipoic Acid Is an Effective Nutritive Antioxidant for Healthy Adult Dogs. Animals 11:274.

[4] Attia, EAH, Zaki RM, Elkordy AA (2020) An Overview of the Antioxidant Effects of Ascorbic Acid and Alpha Lipoic Acid (in Liposomal Forms) as Adjuvant in Cancer Treatment. Antioxidants 9:359.

[5] Berg, MDL, Rottinghaus GE, Chen Y, Berg EP, Ganjam VK, Keisler DH (2012) The Effects of Lipoic Acid Supplementation on Blood Glucose and Insulin Concentrations in Pony Mares. The Professional Animal Scientist 28:632–38.

[6] Berkson, BB (2010) The Alpha Lipoic Acid Breakthrough: The Superb Antioxidant That May Slow Aging, Repair Liver Damage, and Reduce the Risk of Cancer, Heart Disease, and Diabetes. Harmony.

[7] Budin, SB, Othman F, Louis SR, Abu AB, Radzi M, Osman K, Das K, Mohamed J (2009) Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid on Oxidative Stress and Vascular Wall of Diabetic Rats." Rom J Morphol Embryol 50:23–30.

[8] Carrier, BC, Rideout CT (2013) Anti-Obesity and Lipid-Lowering Properties of Alpha-Lipoic Acid. J. Hum. Nutr. Food Sci 1:1002.

[9] Fabra, MC., Izquierdo L, Anchordoquy JM, Anchordoquy JP, Carranza-Martín AC, Nikoloff N, Furnus CC (2020) Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid during Preimplantation Development of Cattle Embryos When There Were Different in Vitro Culture Conditions. Animal Reproduction Science 221:106550.

[10] Gomes, MB, Negrato CA (2014) Alpha-Lipoic Acid as a Pleiotropic Compound with Potential Therapeutic Use in Diabetes and Other Chronic Diseases. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome 6:1–18.

[11] Gorąca, AG, Huk-Kolega H, Piechota A, Kleniewska P, Ciejka E, Skibska B (2011) Lipoic Acid-Biological Activity and Therapeutic Potential. Pharmacological Reports 63:849–58.

[12] Hofmann, MH, Mainka P, Tritschler H, Fuchs J, Zimmer G (1995) Decrease of Red Cell Membrane Fluidity And-SH Groups Due to Hyperglycemic Conditions Is Counteracted by α-Lipoic Acid1. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 324:85–92.

[13] Jones, WJ, Li X, Qu ZC, Perriott L, Whitesell RR, May JM (2002) Uptake, Recycling, and Antioxidant Actions of α-Lipoic Acid in Endothelial Cells. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 33:83–93.

[14] Loftin, EG., Herold LV (2009) Therapy and Outcome of Suspected Alpha Lipoic Acid Toxicity in Two Dogs. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care 19:501–6.

[15] Naji,HA (2017) The Effect of Zinc and Copper Deficiency on Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants Levels in the Sheep. Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research 16:344–55.

[16] Naji, HA, Ahmed JA, Alsaad KM (2018) chronic copper poisoning of sheep at Basrah governorate, Iraq. Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research 17:3.

[17] Naji, HA, Zenad MM (2016) Hematological and Histopathological Changes Induced by Cadmium Chloride Toxicity in Sheep, with Using Alpha Lipoic Acid as Antioxidant. Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research 15:83–96.

[18] Naji, HA, Zenad MM (2015) Oxidative Stress in Sheep Induced by Cadmium Chloride Toxicity, with Therapeutic Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid. J. Anim. Feed Res 5:142–47.

[19] Park, SP, Karunakaran U, Jeoung NH, Jeon JH, Lee IK (2014) Physiological Effect and Therapeutic Application of Alpha Lipoic Acid. Current Medicinal Chemistry 21:3636–45.

[20] Rentier, CR, Pacini G, Nuti F, Rovero P, Papini AM (2015) Lipoylated Peptides and Proteins. Pp. 235–52 in Peptidomimetics II. Springer.

[21] Saleh, WMM (2019) Clinical and Hematological Profiles Due to Cases of Minerals Deficiency in Local Ewes at Basra, Iraq. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 7:315–20.

[22] Saleh, WMM, Naji HA, Lafta MH, Al-Husseiny SH, Ali F (2019) Clinical and Bacteriological Diagnosis of Foot-Rot in Beef Bulls in Basra. Biomedical Journal 1:5.

[23] Salehi, BS, Yılmaz YB, Antika G, Tumer TB, Mahomoodally MF, Lobine D, Akram M, Riaz M, Capanoglu E, Sharopov F (2019) Insights on the Use of α-Lipoic Acid for Therapeutic Purposes. Biomolecules 9:356.

[24] Salinthone, SS, Yadav V, Bourdette DN, Carr DW (2008) Lipoic Acid: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Multiple Sclerosis and Other Chronic Inflammatory Diseases of the CNS. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders) 8:132–42.

[25] Shay, KP, Moreau RF, Smith EJ, Smith AR, Hagen TM (2009) Alpha-Lipoic Acid as a Dietary Supplement: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects 1790:1149–60.

[26] Shindyapina, AV, Komarova TV, Sheshukova EV, Ershova NM, Tashlitsky VN, Kurkin AV, Yusupov LR, Mkrtchyan GV, Shagidulin MY, Dorokhov YL. (2017) The Antioxidant Cofactor Alpha-Lipoic Acid May Control Endogenous Formaldehyde Metabolism in Mammals. Frontiers in Neuroscience 11:651.

[27] Târtea, GCl, Florescu DR, Mihailovici AR, Donoiu L, Istrătoaie O (2020) Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Vitamin B Complex Slow down the Changes in Mice Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology 61:521.

[28] Zoheir, KMA, Harisa GL, Allam AA, Yang L, Li X, Liang A, Abd-Rabou AA, Harrath AH (2017) Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid on in Vitro Development of Bovine Secondary Preantral Follicles. Theriogenology 88:124–30.

Abstract

References

How to cite