Metabolic and functional bases of the skeletal neuromuscular system: from formation to contraction

Ingrid Garcia De Sena; Tayná da Silva Gomes

doi:10.29327/multi.2021013

Keywords:

metabolism

muscle function

skeletal neuromuscular system

skeletal muscle

Abstract

Skeletal muscle is a type of highly plastic striated muscle tissue, which can adapt to physiological changes from neural, hormonal or external stimuli. All the work and organization of this highly specialized and sophisticated fabric is done together, as a unit. With the advancement of technologies, the development of the skeletal neuromuscular system is increasingly studied. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to explore the skeletal neuromuscular system on its structural, physiological properties and their respective functions, through a mini literature review. This study is a literature review on the skeletal neuromuscular system and all the mechanisms involved for its functioning, constituting an informative textual construction without establishing systematic criteria on the part of the author. The skeletal neuromuscular system represents about 40 to 45% on average of the total body mass in the adult individual and stores around 50 to 75% of all proteins that the individual has. Composed of vessels, nerves and muscle fibers, skeletal muscle performs vital functions, from the simplest to the most complex, demonstrating its importance for survival and preservation of life.
References
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17. Jones RA, Harrison C, Eaton SL, Hurtado ML, Graham LC, Alkhammash L, Oladiran OA, Gale A, Lamont DJ, Simpson H, Simmen MW, Soeller C, Wishart TM, Gillingwater TH (2017) Cellular and Molecular Anatomy of the Human Neuromuscular Junction. Cell Reports 21:2348-2356.
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20. Liu G, Gabhann MF, Popel AS (2012) Effects of Fiber Type and Size on the Heterogeneity of Oxygen Distribution in Exercising Skeletal Muscle. PLoS ONE 7:e44375.
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22. Mackey AL, Magnan M, Chazaud B e Kjaer M (2017) Human skeletal muscle fibroblasts stimulate in vitro myogenesis and in vivo muscle regeneration. Journal of Physiology 595:5115-5127.
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31. Sheehan FT, BraineRD EL, Troy KL, Shefelbine SJ, Ronsky JL (2018) Advancing quantitative techniques to improve understanding of the skeletal structure-function relationship Daniel P Ferris. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 15:1–7.
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33. Souza D, Oliveira JR, Rodrigues H, Cota NB, Carvalho MM, Prestes J, Durigan JLQ, Pereira ECL (2015) Regulação e ativação das células satélites durante a regeneração muscular. Revista Brasileira Ciência e Movimento 23:170-180.
34. Sweeney HL e HAMMERS DW (2018) Contração muscular. Perspectivas de Cold Spring Harbor em biologia 10:023200.
35. Trotter JA (2002) Structure-function considerations of muscle-tendon junctions. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - A Molecular and Integrative Physiology 133:1127-1133.
36. Ventura ALM, Abreu PA, Freitas RCC, Sathler PC, Loureiro N, Castro HC (2010) Cholinergic system: revisiting receptors, regulation and the relationship with Alzheimer disease, schizophrenia, epilepsy and smoking. Archives of Clinical Psychiatry 37:66-72.
37. Zammit PS (2017) Function of the myogenic regulatory factors Myf5, MyoD, Myogenin and MRF4 in skeletal muscle, satellite cells and regenerative myogenesis. Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology 72:19-32.
38. Zhuang P, An J, Chua CK, Tan LP (2020) Bioprinting of 3D in vitro skeletal muscle models: A review. Materials and Design 193:108794.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to cite

Sena, I. G. D., & Gomes, T. da S. (2021). Metabolic and functional bases of the skeletal neuromuscular system: from formation to contraction. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 4, 2021013. https://doi.org/10.29327/multi.2021013

[1] Batista VDS (2019) Estudos computacionais de ligantes dos receptores nicotínicos de acetilcolina do subtipo α4β2. Thesis, Universidade Estadual Paulista.

[2] Belotti E, Schaeffer L (2020) Regulation of Gene expression at the neuromuscular Junction. Neuroscience Letters 735:135163.

[3] Bentzinger CF, Von Maltzahn J e Rudnicki MA (2010) Extrinsic regulation of satellite cell specification. Stem cell research & therapy 1:27-35.

[4] Bentzinger CF, Wang YX e Rudnicki MA (2012) Building muscle: molecular regulation of myogenesis. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology 4:a008342.

[5] Berne RM; Levy MN (2010) (Ed.) Fisiologia. 6. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan.

[6] Bottinelli R e Reggiani C (2000) Human skeletal muscle fibres: Molecular and functional diversity. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 73:195-262.

[7] Brooks SV (2003) Current topics for teaching skeletal muscle physiology. American Journal of Physiology - Advances in Physiology Education 27:171-182.

[8] Burnley M e Jones AM (2018) Power–duration relationship: Physiology, fatigue, and the limits of human performance. European Journal of Sport Science 18:1-12.

[9] Chal J e Pourquié O (2017) Making muscle: Skeletal myogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Development (Cambridge) 144:2104-2122.

[10] Frontera WR, Ochala J (2015) Skeletal Muscle: A Brief Review of Structure and Function. Calcif Tissue Int 96:183-195.

[11] Gelfi C, Vasso M e Cerretelli P (2011) Diversity of human skeletal muscle in health and disease: Contribution of proteomics. Journal of Proteomics 74:774-795.

[12] Greising SM, Gransee HM, Mantilla CB, Sieck GC (2012) Systems biology of skeletal muscle: Fiber type as an organizing principle. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Systems Biology and Medicine 4:457-473.

[13] Guo X, Gonzaleza M, Stancescua M, Vandenburghc H e Hickman J (2011) Neuromuscular junction formation between human stem cell-derived motoneurons and human skeletal muscle in a defined system. Biomaterials 32:9602-9611.

[14] Guyton AC; Hall JE (2017) Tratado de Fisiologia Médica. 13. Ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan.

[15] Henze H, Jung MJ, Ahrens HE, Steiner S, Von Maltzahn J (2020) Skeletal muscle aging – Stem cells in the spotlight. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 189:111283.

[16] Hepple RT, Rice CL (2016) Innervation and neuromuscular control in ageing skeletal muscle. Journal of Physiology 594:1965-1978.

[17] Jones RA, Harrison C, Eaton SL, Hurtado ML, Graham LC, Alkhammash L, Oladiran OA, Gale A, Lamont DJ, Simpson H, Simmen MW, Soeller C, Wishart TM, Gillingwater TH (2017) Cellular and Molecular Anatomy of the Human Neuromuscular Junction. Cell Reports 21:2348-2356.

[18] Kerkman JN, Daffertshofer A, Gollo LL, Breakspear M e Boonstra TW (2018) Network structure of the human musculoskeletal system shapes neural interactions on multiple time scales. Science Advances 4:1-10.

[19] Kröger, S (2018) Proprioception 2.0: novel functions for muscle spindles. Current opinion in neurology 31:592-598.

[20] Liu G, Gabhann MF, Popel AS (2012) Effects of Fiber Type and Size on the Heterogeneity of Oxygen Distribution in Exercising Skeletal Muscle. PLoS ONE 7:e44375.

[21] Macaluso F e Myburgh KH (2012) Current evidence that exercise can increase the number of adult stem cells. Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility 33:187-198.

[22] Mackey AL, Magnan M, Chazaud B e Kjaer M (2017) Human skeletal muscle fibroblasts stimulate in vitro myogenesis and in vivo muscle regeneration. Journal of Physiology 595:5115-5127.

[23] Morgan JE e Partridge TA (2003) Muscle satellite cells. International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 35:1151-1156.

[24] Mukund K, Subramanian S (2020) Skeletal muscle: A review of molecular structure and function, in health and disease. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Systems Biology and Medicine 12:1-46.

[25] Musumeci G, Castrogiovanni P, Coleman R, Szychlinska MA, Salvatorelli L, Parenti R, Magro G, Imbesi R (2015) Somitogenesis: From somite to skeletal muscle. Acta Histochemica 117:313-328.

[26] Nakayama KH, Shayan M, Huang NF (2019) Engineering Biomimetic Materials for Skeletal Muscle Repair and Regeneration. Advanced Healthcare Materials 8:1-14.

[27] Racinais S e OKSA J (2010) Temperature and neuromuscular function. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 20:1-18.

[28] Rodrigues ACZ, Messi M, Wang ZM, Abba MC, Pereyra1 A, Birbrair A, Zhang T, O’Meara M, Kwan P, Lopez EIS, Willis MS, Mintz A, D. Files C, Furdui C, Oppenheim RW e Delbono O (2020) Motor innervation and acetylcholine receptor stability 225:e13195.

[29] Schiaffino S e Reggiani C (2011) Fiber types in mammalian skeletal muscles. Physiological reviews 91:1447-1531.

[30] Serratrice G (2009) Building muscle. Joint Bone Spine 76:324-326.

[31] Sheehan FT, BraineRD EL, Troy KL, Shefelbine SJ, Ronsky JL (2018) Advancing quantitative techniques to improve understanding of the skeletal structure-function relationship Daniel P Ferris. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 15:1–7.

[32] Smoak MM, Mikos AG (2020) Advances in biomaterials for skeletal muscle engineering and obstacles still to overcome. Materials Today Bio 7:100069.

[33] Souza D, Oliveira JR, Rodrigues H, Cota NB, Carvalho MM, Prestes J, Durigan JLQ, Pereira ECL (2015) Regulação e ativação das células satélites durante a regeneração muscular. Revista Brasileira Ciência e Movimento 23:170-180.

[34] Sweeney HL e HAMMERS DW (2018) Contração muscular. Perspectivas de Cold Spring Harbor em biologia 10:023200.

[35] Trotter JA (2002) Structure-function considerations of muscle-tendon junctions. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - A Molecular and Integrative Physiology 133:1127-1133.

[36] Ventura ALM, Abreu PA, Freitas RCC, Sathler PC, Loureiro N, Castro HC (2010) Cholinergic system: revisiting receptors, regulation and the relationship with Alzheimer disease, schizophrenia, epilepsy and smoking. Archives of Clinical Psychiatry 37:66-72.

[37] Zammit PS (2017) Function of the myogenic regulatory factors Myf5, MyoD, Myogenin and MRF4 in skeletal muscle, satellite cells and regenerative myogenesis. Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology 72:19-32.

[38] Zhuang P, An J, Chua CK, Tan LP (2020) Bioprinting of 3D in vitro skeletal muscle models: A review. Materials and Design 193:108794.

Abstract

References

How to cite