Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology

Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology

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Search Results for animal welfare

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Veganism and animal welfare, scientific, ethical, and philosophical arguments

Daniel Mota-Rojas, Alexandra L. Whittaker, et al.
Adverse effects of vegan diets for pet health. Adverse effects are generally caused by deficiencies of nutrients that are essential for pets in general. Cats (Felis catus) seem to be the species most seriously affected due to evolutionary adaptations that have made them “true” carnivores, unlike their omnivore counterpart, the dog (Canis lupus familiaris).
Adverse effects of vegan diets for pet health. Adverse effects are generally caused by deficiencies of nutrients that are essential for pets in general. Cats (Felis catus) seem to be the species most seriously affected due to evolutionary adaptations that have made them “true” carnivores, unlike their omnivore counterpart, the dog (Canis lupus familiaris).
| The justification for this review article is to understand the position of vegans and those individuals who consume food of animal origin from an unbiased perspective but with a grounding in...

Published in 01 May 2023

Conservation, animal behaviour, and human-animal relationship in zoos. Why is animal welfare so important?

Isabel Escobar-Ibarra, Daniel Mota-Rojas, et al.
Operant conditioning / Positive reinforcement techniques are used to train different species of wild animals in zoos to reduce stress and avoid the need of chemical immobilization for health screenings and medical procedures.
Operant conditioning / Positive reinforcement techniques are used to train different species of wild animals in zoos to reduce stress and avoid the need of chemical immobilization for health screenings and medical procedures.
| Although zoos are committed to wildlife conservation and have a long-term positive impact on visitors’ attitudes towards wildlife, the question of whether maintaining wild animals in human care...

Published in 06 January 2021

Circus Animal Welfare: analysis through a five-domain approach

Daniel Mota-Rojas, MarceloDaniel Ghezzi, et al.
The main brain structures involved in different training methods, and dopamine’s role in positive reinforcement. The dopaminergic reward system is a main pathway through which animals can be trained by means of positive reinforcement, operant conditioning, and goal-directed behaviors. Dopamine neurons in the VTA and SbN have connections to several regions in the limbic system (represented above as NAc, PFC, and DS). When an unexpected reward or a reward-predicted stimulus is presented to the animal, the learning association between the compensation and the desired behavior is reinforced and helps train it to perform specific behaviors through positive reinforcement. DS: dorsal striatum; VTA: ventral tegmental area; NAc: nucleus accumbens; PFC: prefrontal cortex; SbN: substantia nigra (Taber et al 2012; Mota-Rojas et al 2016).
The main brain structures involved in different training methods, and dopamine’s role in positive reinforcement. The dopaminergic reward system is a main pathway through which animals can be trained by means of positive reinforcement, operant conditioning, and goal-directed behaviors. Dopamine neurons in the VTA and SbN have connections to several regions in the limbic system (represented above as NAc, PFC, and DS). When an unexpected reward or a reward-predicted stimulus is presented to the animal, the learning association between the compensation and the desired behavior is reinforced and helps train it to perform specific behaviors through positive reinforcement. DS: dorsal striatum; VTA: ventral tegmental area; NAc: nucleus accumbens; PFC: prefrontal cortex; SbN: substantia nigra (Taber et al 2012; Mota-Rojas et al 2016).
| This study aims to review the current available literature regarding circus animals from the perspective of the five domains proposed for evaluating animal welfare to identify the critical...

Published in 04 May 2022

Flavored sisal ropes as environmental enrichment for nursery piglets

Janaina Cristina da Silva Maciel de Souza, Laya Kannan Silva Alves, et al.
Pigs
Pigs
| The objective of the present study was to evaluate the behavior of piglets in the nursery phase in the presence of pure sisal ropes, soaked with different flavors as a means of environmental...

Published in 16 September 2020

Effects of human-animal relationship on animal productivity and welfare

Daniel Mota-Rojas, Donald Maurice Broom, et al.
Model of human-animal relationship proposed by Hemsworth and Coleman (1998), adapted from Hemsworth (2003). Most studies on this topic highlight the sequential relations among the attitudes and behaviour of operators towards their animals, fear responses, and the effect of fear on the welfare and productivity of farm animals.
Model of human-animal relationship proposed by Hemsworth and Coleman (1998), adapted from Hemsworth (2003). Most studies on this topic highlight the sequential relations among the attitudes and behaviour of operators towards their animals, fear responses, and the effect of fear on the welfare and productivity of farm animals.
| This is a literature review of the effects of humans´ relationships with farm animals on animal productivity and welfare, including the following topics: definition of the concept and...

Published in 04 June 2020

Quality of death in the river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Daniel Mota-Rojas, Marcelo Daniel Ghezzi, et al.
A. The ideal stunning site for traditional bovines (genus Bos) is shown in diagram A, although this area of the head is not optimal for river buffalo due to this species cranium features described above. B. The recommended site for discharge application in buffaloes is the skull occipital region (poll position) towards the medulla oblongata (Diagrams courtesy of Ana María Duarte).
A. The ideal stunning site for traditional bovines (genus Bos) is shown in diagram A, although this area of the head is not optimal for river buffalo due to this species cranium features described above. B. The recommended site for discharge application in buffaloes is the skull occipital region (poll position) towards the medulla oblongata (Diagrams courtesy of Ana María Duarte).
| Results on appropriate, inappropriate, and painful slaughtering methods of river buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis ) are discussed. Undesirable consequences of poor desensitization and/or...

Published in 11 January 2021

Manual of good practices for welfare: a proposal for dairy cattle on pasture in Brazil

Ana Luiza Mendonça Pinto, Fernanda Victor Rodrigues Vieira, et al.
| Debate on ethics in animal production started in 1960s. Since that time, discussion on animal welfare (AW) has taken large proportions, where laws and specific rules were...

Published in 30 October 2013

Animal welfare on Argentinean dairy farms based on the Welfare Quality® protocol framework

Belen Lazzarini, Pol Llonch, et al.
| Animal welfare is a multidimensional concept that comprises animal health, mental state and natural living conditions and plays an essential role in dairy production. On dairy farms, animal...

Published in 08 March 2024

Animal welfare studies in religious and Halal slaughter studies: A literature review

Azhar Alam, Afief El Ashfahany, et al.
| Animal welfare in the process of slaughtering animals by the method of removal or without ingestion is still highly debatable. This study aims to systematically review and map the literature in...

Published in 03 July 2024

Anatomical, physiological, and behavioral mechanisms of thermoregulation in elephants

Adriana Domínguez-Oliva, Marcelo Daniel Ghezzi, et al.
Mechanisms of central and peripheral thermoregulation. The image illustrates the integration of the thermal stimuli detected by the corpuscles of Ruffini or Krause in the face of heat or cold, respectively. Although the central pathways in both cases are very similar and use the DRG, POA, MnPO, or rRPA (black lines), the main difference is observed in the LPBN regions that are activated by stimuli of a different nature. The red lines show the thermoregulatory mechanisms in warm environments, where LPBd neurons produce vasodilation. In contrast, with cold stimuli (blue lines), the LPBel neurons are stimulated to generate sympathetic vasoconstriction and stimulate motor fibers that promote shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. DRG: dorsal root ganglia; LPBd: dorsal part of the lateral parabrachial nucleus; LPBeL: Lateral parabrachial nucleus in its external region; POA: preoptic area of the hypothalamus; MnPO: median preoptic nucleus; MPO: medial preoptic area; DMH: dorsomedial hypothalamus; rRPA: rostral raphe pallidus.
Mechanisms of central and peripheral thermoregulation. The image illustrates the integration of the thermal stimuli detected by the corpuscles of Ruffini or Krause in the face of heat or cold, respectively. Although the central pathways in both cases are very similar and use the DRG, POA, MnPO, or rRPA (black lines), the main difference is observed in the LPBN regions that are activated by stimuli of a different nature. The red lines show the thermoregulatory mechanisms in warm environments, where LPBd neurons produce vasodilation. In contrast, with cold stimuli (blue lines), the LPBel neurons are stimulated to generate sympathetic vasoconstriction and stimulate motor fibers that promote shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. DRG: dorsal root ganglia; LPBd: dorsal part of the lateral parabrachial nucleus; LPBeL: Lateral parabrachial nucleus in its external region; POA: preoptic area of the hypothalamus; MnPO: median preoptic nucleus; MPO: medial preoptic area; DMH: dorsomedial hypothalamus; rRPA: rostral raphe pallidus.
| Elephants use different thermoregulatory mechanisms that depend on the anatomical and morphological characteristics of the species. The crevices and wrinkles of the skin enhance the...

Published in 22 September 2022

Monitoring using artificial intelligence reveals critical links between housing conditions and respiratory health in pigs

Eddiemar Lagua, Hong-Seok Mun, et al.
| Respiratory disease is the most significant issue in the pig industry and leads to high mortality and reduced growth rates. Housing conditions are crucial for maintaining the health and welfare...

Published in 05 February 2024

Interactions of environmental conditions, day-night cycles, and growing periods on postural behavior of pigs

Hong-Seok Mun, Eddiemar Lagua, et al.
| Heat stress conditions can alter the physiology of animals, and these changes can be detrimental to their performance and health. The behavior of the animals is associated with their welfare and...

Published in 23 November 2023

Welfare quality applied to the Brazilian dairy cattle

Guilherme Amorim Franchi, Paulo Rogério Garcia, et al.
| Due to the necessity of establishing animal welfare standards for the Brazilian dairy sector in harmony to the new consumer’s requirements and legislation, it was drawn up the project Welfare...

Published in 01 April 2014

Welfare in pig housing - Brazilian and Portuguese legislation

Daiane Cecchin, Francine Aparecida Sousa, et al.
| Animal welfare is conditional on well-planned and well-managed exploitation, since the management of the animals strongly influences their behavior, their productivity and, consequently, the...

Published in 01 July 2018

Effects of transport on water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis): factors associated with the frequency of skin injuries and meat quality

Nancy José-Pérez, Daniel Mota-Rojas, et al.
Frequency (in percentages) of eight types of skin injuries in water buffaloes (B. bubalis) during transport. Information from Alam et al's classification (2010b).
Frequency (in percentages) of eight types of skin injuries in water buffaloes (B. bubalis) during transport. Information from Alam et al's classification (2010b).
| It is well known that transporting livestock is stressful for the animals and a primary cause of skin lesions. The effects of transport on the water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis ) have not...

Published in 28 February 2022

Use of infrared thermography in veterinary medicine and animal production

João Vinícius Barbosa Roberto, Bonifácio Benício de Souza.
| Veterinary medicine is in a period of innovation with respect to the diagnostic methods, mainly in the field of Diagnostic Imaging. This has considerably developed, leaning on techniques...

Published in 31 July 2014

Thermal biology in river buffalo in the humid tropics: neurophysiological and behavioral responses assessed by infrared thermography

Daniel Mota-Rojas, Fabio Napolitano, et al.
The river buffalo’s neurophysiological mechanism of thermoregulation under conditions of heat. The afferent and efferent pathways are reported. The broken arrow indicates that the anatomical pathway connecting the POA to the RVMM is still unknown. POA, preoptic area; RPA, raphe pallidus area; RVLM, rostral ventrolateral medulla; RVMM, rostral ventromedial medulla; IML, intermediolateral column; MnPO, median preoptic nucleus; LPBd, lateral parabrachial nucleus, dorsal subregion.
The river buffalo’s neurophysiological mechanism of thermoregulation under conditions of heat. The afferent and efferent pathways are reported. The broken arrow indicates that the anatomical pathway connecting the POA to the RVMM is still unknown. POA, preoptic area; RPA, raphe pallidus area; RVLM, rostral ventrolateral medulla; RVMM, rostral ventromedial medulla; IML, intermediolateral column; MnPO, median preoptic nucleus; LPBd, lateral parabrachial nucleus, dorsal subregion.
| The present review aims to analyze the effect of extremely hot climates on the neurophysiological responses of thermal control and behavior in the river buffalo. Understanding thermal...

Published in 16 September 2020

The human-animal relationship in zoo-housed mammals: Behavioral and physiological responses to visitor and keeper interactions

Adriana Domínguez-Oliva, Míriam Marcet-Rius, et al.
| Human-animal relationships (HARs) and interactions strongly influence animal welfare. Thus, advocating for positive HAR is essential for maintaining positive physical and mental health. In...

Published in 04 July 2024

Scientific findings related to changes in vascular microcirculation using infrared thermography in the river buffalo

Aldo Bertoni, Daniel Mota-Rojas, et al.
Periocular, lacrimal caruncle, muzzle, and lateral region thermal windows in the river buffalo. A) Periocular region. According to Barros et al (2016) and de Ruediger et al (2018), this region best reflects the rectal temperature and is least affected by ambient temperature. In the thermogram obtained at an emissivity of 0.95, this region is circled by an ellipse that spans the entire eyeball. B) Lacrimal caruncle. This is one of the areas most-extensively studied with IRT because it can be a good indicator of changes in body temperature attributed to the sympathetic responses of the autonomous nervous system (Travain et al 2015). In the thermogram, this area is signaled by a point placed in the center of the caruncle. C) Muzzle. According to de Ruediger et al (2018), the muzzle reflects the rectal temperature quickly and precisely and involves a less invasive procedure, so it can be used to study the thermal comfort of female dairy buffaloes. The thermogram shows three circles around the periphery of the muzzle with two marking the nostrils. It is important to mention that taking rostral thermographic images also makes it possible to evaluate oral temperature by placing an ellipse around the auricular pavilion. D) Lateral region. Barros et al (2016) point out that both the right and left flanks can be utilized as thermal windows if, for some reason, it is difficult to analyze the orbital region. This procedure, however, requires considering that the left flank presents an elevated preprandial temperature (Montanholi et al 2008). In the thermogram, this region is signaled by a checkered rectangle.
Periocular, lacrimal caruncle, muzzle, and lateral region thermal windows in the river buffalo. A) Periocular region. According to Barros et al (2016) and de Ruediger et al (2018), this region best reflects the rectal temperature and is least affected by ambient temperature. In the thermogram obtained at an emissivity of 0.95, this region is circled by an ellipse that spans the entire eyeball. B) Lacrimal caruncle. This is one of the areas most-extensively studied with IRT because it can be a good indicator of changes in body temperature attributed to the sympathetic responses of the autonomous nervous system (Travain et al 2015). In the thermogram, this area is signaled by a point placed in the center of the caruncle. C) Muzzle. According to de Ruediger et al (2018), the muzzle reflects the rectal temperature quickly and precisely and involves a less invasive procedure, so it can be used to study the thermal comfort of female dairy buffaloes. The thermogram shows three circles around the periphery of the muzzle with two marking the nostrils. It is important to mention that taking rostral thermographic images also makes it possible to evaluate oral temperature by placing an ellipse around the auricular pavilion. D) Lateral region. Barros et al (2016) point out that both the right and left flanks can be utilized as thermal windows if, for some reason, it is difficult to analyze the orbital region. This procedure, however, requires considering that the left flank presents an elevated preprandial temperature (Montanholi et al 2008). In the thermogram, this region is signaled by a checkered rectangle.
| The objective of this review article is to discuss and analyze the most important scientific findings from studies of vascular microcirculation in the river buffalo using infrared thermography...

Published in 04 August 2020

Neurobiology of emotions in animal relationships: Facial expressions and their biological functions in mammals

Daniel Mota-Rojas, Karina Lezama-García, et al.
| This article aims to analyze the biological and communicative function of facial expressions and their relation to emotions in mammals. Facial expressions and their causes constitute an...

Published in 22 November 2023

Lighting, density, and dietary strategies to improve poultry behavior, health, and production

Karim El-Sabrout, Ahmed El-Deek, et al.
Potential physiological, behavioral, and productive responses of birds to a light stimulus.
Potential physiological, behavioral, and productive responses of birds to a light stimulus.
| Poultry production is the most rapidly expanding agricultural industry. Consumer awareness of animal welfare has grown in recent years, and as a result, consideration for higher-quality meat...

Published in 05 January 2022

Study on the major welfare problems of dairy cows from the Galicia region (NW Spain)

Ana Bugueiro, Francisco Javier Diéguez, et al.
| The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the dairy cattle welfare in a population from the Galicia region (NW Spain) according to the Welfare Quality ®  protocol guidelines....

Published in 01 July 2018

Critical aspects of legislation and their impact on the welfare of water buffaloes during transport

Daniela Rodríguez-González, Fabio Napolitano, et al.
Recommendations for water buffalo transport. The manuals that promote the appropriate handling of water buffalo during transport in some countries include such elements as verifying the health status of the animals before loading and inspecting the physical characteristics of the vehicle. Recommended load densities and trip lengths are also highlighted, as is the importance of stockpeople trained in the proper use of herding instruments. Attending to these aspects will contribute to the welfare of buffaloes during transport and the quality of their meat and byproducts.
Recommendations for water buffalo transport. The manuals that promote the appropriate handling of water buffalo during transport in some countries include such elements as verifying the health status of the animals before loading and inspecting the physical characteristics of the vehicle. Recommended load densities and trip lengths are also highlighted, as is the importance of stockpeople trained in the proper use of herding instruments. Attending to these aspects will contribute to the welfare of buffaloes during transport and the quality of their meat and byproducts.
| Transport is considered a stressful period for livestock that can cause economic and biological losses if inadequate handling procedures exist. Several manuals and guides include recommendations...

Published in 12 September 2022

Human-animal relationship in water buffalo: quality of stockpeople interactions and their effect on dairy and meat production

Daniel Mota-Rojas, Ada Braghieri, et al.
| Human-animal relationships for livestock refer to the interaction between stockpeople and animals during different stages of the productive cycle. For dairy buffaloes, the interaction during...

Published in 04 December 2023

Aspects related to animal welfare in pig production

Tiago Vieira de Andrade, Paulo Henrique Amaral Araújo de Sousa, et al.
| This review aimed to highlight the importance of pig welfare and meat quality, as well as some critical points, solutions to improve the management of these animals for swine production. The...

Published in 31 October 2015

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