Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology

Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology

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  • Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology


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Veganism and animal welfare, scientific, ethical, and philosophical arguments

Daniel Mota-Rojas, Alexandra L. Whittaker, et al.
Adverse effects of vegan diets for pet health. Adverse effects are generally caused by deficiencies of nutrients that are essential for pets in general. Cats (Felis catus) seem to be the species most seriously affected due to evolutionary adaptations that have made them “true” carnivores, unlike their omnivore counterpart, the dog (Canis lupus familiaris).
Adverse effects of vegan diets for pet health. Adverse effects are generally caused by deficiencies of nutrients that are essential for pets in general. Cats (Felis catus) seem to be the species most seriously affected due to evolutionary adaptations that have made them “true” carnivores, unlike their omnivore counterpart, the dog (Canis lupus familiaris).
| The justification for this review article is to understand the position of vegans and those individuals who consume food of animal origin from an unbiased perspective but with a grounding in...

Published in 01 May 2023

Flavored sisal ropes as environmental enrichment for nursery piglets

Janaina Cristina da Silva Maciel de Souza, Laya Kannan Silva Alves, et al.
Pigs
Pigs
| The objective of the present study was to evaluate the behavior of piglets in the nursery phase in the presence of pure sisal ropes, soaked with different flavors as a means of environmental...

Published in 16 September 2020

Interactions of environmental conditions, day-night cycles, and growing periods on postural behavior of pigs

Hong-Seok Mun, Eddiemar Lagua, et al.
| Heat stress conditions can alter the physiology of animals, and these changes can be detrimental to their performance and health. The behavior of the animals is associated with their welfare and...

Published in 23 November 2023

Effect of supplementation of synbiotic plus betaine and selenium on behavior and performance of broilers stocked at high stocking density pens

Istna Mangisah, Vitus Dwi Yunianto Budi Ismadi, et al.
| This experiment aimed to examine the effect of synbiotic plus betaine and selenium supplementation on the behavior, blood profile and performance of broiler chickens reared at stocking density...

Published in 05 February 2024

Conservation, animal behaviour, and human-animal relationship in zoos. Why is animal welfare so important?

Isabel Escobar-Ibarra, Daniel Mota-Rojas, et al.
Operant conditioning / Positive reinforcement techniques are used to train different species of wild animals in zoos to reduce stress and avoid the need of chemical immobilization for health screenings and medical procedures.
Operant conditioning / Positive reinforcement techniques are used to train different species of wild animals in zoos to reduce stress and avoid the need of chemical immobilization for health screenings and medical procedures.
| Although zoos are committed to wildlife conservation and have a long-term positive impact on visitors’ attitudes towards wildlife, the question of whether maintaining wild animals in human care...

Published in 06 January 2021

Anatomical, physiological, and behavioral mechanisms of thermoregulation in elephants

Adriana Domínguez-Oliva, Marcelo Daniel Ghezzi, et al.
Mechanisms of central and peripheral thermoregulation. The image illustrates the integration of the thermal stimuli detected by the corpuscles of Ruffini or Krause in the face of heat or cold, respectively. Although the central pathways in both cases are very similar and use the DRG, POA, MnPO, or rRPA (black lines), the main difference is observed in the LPBN regions that are activated by stimuli of a different nature. The red lines show the thermoregulatory mechanisms in warm environments, where LPBd neurons produce vasodilation. In contrast, with cold stimuli (blue lines), the LPBel neurons are stimulated to generate sympathetic vasoconstriction and stimulate motor fibers that promote shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. DRG: dorsal root ganglia; LPBd: dorsal part of the lateral parabrachial nucleus; LPBeL: Lateral parabrachial nucleus in its external region; POA: preoptic area of the hypothalamus; MnPO: median preoptic nucleus; MPO: medial preoptic area; DMH: dorsomedial hypothalamus; rRPA: rostral raphe pallidus.
Mechanisms of central and peripheral thermoregulation. The image illustrates the integration of the thermal stimuli detected by the corpuscles of Ruffini or Krause in the face of heat or cold, respectively. Although the central pathways in both cases are very similar and use the DRG, POA, MnPO, or rRPA (black lines), the main difference is observed in the LPBN regions that are activated by stimuli of a different nature. The red lines show the thermoregulatory mechanisms in warm environments, where LPBd neurons produce vasodilation. In contrast, with cold stimuli (blue lines), the LPBel neurons are stimulated to generate sympathetic vasoconstriction and stimulate motor fibers that promote shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. DRG: dorsal root ganglia; LPBd: dorsal part of the lateral parabrachial nucleus; LPBeL: Lateral parabrachial nucleus in its external region; POA: preoptic area of the hypothalamus; MnPO: median preoptic nucleus; MPO: medial preoptic area; DMH: dorsomedial hypothalamus; rRPA: rostral raphe pallidus.
| Elephants use different thermoregulatory mechanisms that depend on the anatomical and morphological characteristics of the species. The crevices and wrinkles of the skin enhance the...

Published in 22 September 2022

Neurobiology of emotions in animal relationships: Facial expressions and their biological functions in mammals

Daniel Mota-Rojas, Karina Lezama-García, et al.
| This article aims to analyze the biological and communicative function of facial expressions and their relation to emotions in mammals. Facial expressions and their causes constitute an...

Published in 22 November 2023

The behavior of Etawah Grade goats in early and late pregnancy period in a tropical area

Bayu Andri Atmoko, Dyah Maharani, et al.
goats
goats
| The objective of the study was to identify the different behavior of Etawah Grade does in early and late pregnancy period. This research using 14 head of Etawah Grade does in pregnant conditions...

Published in 03 April 2020

Circus Animal Welfare: analysis through a five-domain approach

Daniel Mota-Rojas, MarceloDaniel Ghezzi, et al.
The main brain structures involved in different training methods, and dopamine’s role in positive reinforcement. The dopaminergic reward system is a main pathway through which animals can be trained by means of positive reinforcement, operant conditioning, and goal-directed behaviors. Dopamine neurons in the VTA and SbN have connections to several regions in the limbic system (represented above as NAc, PFC, and DS). When an unexpected reward or a reward-predicted stimulus is presented to the animal, the learning association between the compensation and the desired behavior is reinforced and helps train it to perform specific behaviors through positive reinforcement. DS: dorsal striatum; VTA: ventral tegmental area; NAc: nucleus accumbens; PFC: prefrontal cortex; SbN: substantia nigra (Taber et al 2012; Mota-Rojas et al 2016).
The main brain structures involved in different training methods, and dopamine’s role in positive reinforcement. The dopaminergic reward system is a main pathway through which animals can be trained by means of positive reinforcement, operant conditioning, and goal-directed behaviors. Dopamine neurons in the VTA and SbN have connections to several regions in the limbic system (represented above as NAc, PFC, and DS). When an unexpected reward or a reward-predicted stimulus is presented to the animal, the learning association between the compensation and the desired behavior is reinforced and helps train it to perform specific behaviors through positive reinforcement. DS: dorsal striatum; VTA: ventral tegmental area; NAc: nucleus accumbens; PFC: prefrontal cortex; SbN: substantia nigra (Taber et al 2012; Mota-Rojas et al 2016).
| This study aims to review the current available literature regarding circus animals from the perspective of the five domains proposed for evaluating animal welfare to identify the critical...

Published in 04 May 2022

Milk Supplementation: Effect on piglets performance, feeding behavior and sows physiological condition during the lactation period

Veasna Chem, Hong-Seok Mun, et al.
An overview of the piglet supplementation groups: Milk powder
An overview of the piglet supplementation groups: Milk powder
| The present study aimed to investigate the effect of milk liquid and powder supplements on piglets’ performance, drinking behavior, and sow back-fat thickness change during the lactation period....

Published in 20 March 2023

Lighting, density, and dietary strategies to improve poultry behavior, health, and production

Karim El-Sabrout, Ahmed El-Deek, et al.
Potential physiological, behavioral, and productive responses of birds to a light stimulus.
Potential physiological, behavioral, and productive responses of birds to a light stimulus.
| Poultry production is the most rapidly expanding agricultural industry. Consumer awareness of animal welfare has grown in recent years, and as a result, consideration for higher-quality meat...

Published in 05 January 2022

Behavioral, productive, and reproductive aspects of the water buffalo in Mexico

Daniel Mota-Rojas, Isabel Guerrero-Legarreta, et al.
Neonatal thermoregulatory mechanisms in the water buffalo under hypothermic conditions. When cold ambient temperatures are detected, TRPM8 and TRPA1 thermoreceptors are activated, triggering a neuronal response in the spinal cord's dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and cerebral structures. Next, the thermoregulatory center (POA) receives signals from the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB). The POA has connections to the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), which, in turn, is connected to neurons of the pale rostral raphe (rRPA) and intermediolateral nucleus (IML). Two responses are produced in the spinal cord through sympathetic efferents: vasoconstriction with heat retention and the sympathetic release of norepinephrine on adrenergic receptors of BAT to produce heat. Shivering is another heat-generating process, but it depends on somatic motoneurons in the spinal cord.
Neonatal thermoregulatory mechanisms in the water buffalo under hypothermic conditions. When cold ambient temperatures are detected, TRPM8 and TRPA1 thermoreceptors are activated, triggering a neuronal response in the spinal cord's dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and cerebral structures. Next, the thermoregulatory center (POA) receives signals from the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB). The POA has connections to the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), which, in turn, is connected to neurons of the pale rostral raphe (rRPA) and intermediolateral nucleus (IML). Two responses are produced in the spinal cord through sympathetic efferents: vasoconstriction with heat retention and the sympathetic release of norepinephrine on adrenergic receptors of BAT to produce heat. Shivering is another heat-generating process, but it depends on somatic motoneurons in the spinal cord.
| Water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis ) production in Mexico has generated particular interest in understanding the bases of the development of this species. As a result, alliances have emerged...

Published in 07 July 2023

Behavior and blood profile in Friesian-Holstein dairy cows in the special region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Mohammad Firdaus Hudaya, Pradita Iustitia Sitaresmi, et al.
| The background of this study was blood profile and cows' behavior that could be used as a tool to diagnose reproductive status in the dairy cows. This research was aimed to determine biochemical...

Published in 26 June 2020

Zoo visitors as a source of enrichment to reduce abnormal behavior in captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) in the Central Zoo, Kathmandu, Nepal

Shailendra Sharma, Laxman Khanal, et al.
Photograph of the study site showing the enclosure for the rhesus macaques.
Photograph of the study site showing the enclosure for the rhesus macaques.
| Overexpression of abnormal behavior among captive primates indicates poor management practices. The type, frequency, and contributing factors of abnormal behaviors vary highly across individual...

Published in 05 February 2023

The human-animal relationship in zoo-housed mammals: Behavioral and physiological responses to visitor and keeper interactions

Adriana Domínguez-Oliva, Míriam Marcet-Rius, et al.
| Human-animal relationships (HARs) and interactions strongly influence animal welfare. Thus, advocating for positive HAR is essential for maintaining positive physical and mental health. In...

Published in 04 July 2024

Effects of transport on water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis): factors associated with the frequency of skin injuries and meat quality

Nancy José-Pérez, Daniel Mota-Rojas, et al.
Frequency (in percentages) of eight types of skin injuries in water buffaloes (B. bubalis) during transport. Information from Alam et al's classification (2010b).
Frequency (in percentages) of eight types of skin injuries in water buffaloes (B. bubalis) during transport. Information from Alam et al's classification (2010b).
| It is well known that transporting livestock is stressful for the animals and a primary cause of skin lesions. The effects of transport on the water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis ) have not...

Published in 28 February 2022

Behavioral ethogram of Belgian Blue crossbred calves under an open loose house in a tropical environment

Tristianto Nugroho, Diyan Eka Hantari, et al.
| The introduction of double-muscled Belgian Blue cattle through crossbreeding in a tropical environment poses challenges related to adaptability. The development of an ethogram is a crucial first...

Published in 16 May 2025

Human-animal relationship in water buffalo: quality of stockpeople interactions and their effect on dairy and meat production

Daniel Mota-Rojas, Ada Braghieri, et al.
| Human-animal relationships for livestock refer to the interaction between stockpeople and animals during different stages of the productive cycle. For dairy buffaloes, the interaction during...

Published in 04 December 2023

Methyl anthranilate as pig repellent: Effects on the feeding behavior and production performance

Keiven Mark B. Ampode, Hong-Seok Mun, et al.
The experimental pigs were raised in their respective pig pen.
The experimental pigs were raised in their respective pig pen.
| Preventing pigs such as wild pigs ( Sus scrofa ) from accessing the farm can be blocked by installing fences or repellent to make them feel reluctant to access the farm. Most wild pigs...

Published in 17 October 2022

Quality of death in the river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Daniel Mota-Rojas, Marcelo Daniel Ghezzi, et al.
A. The ideal stunning site for traditional bovines (genus Bos) is shown in diagram A, although this area of the head is not optimal for river buffalo due to this species cranium features described above. B. The recommended site for discharge application in buffaloes is the skull occipital region (poll position) towards the medulla oblongata (Diagrams courtesy of Ana María Duarte).
A. The ideal stunning site for traditional bovines (genus Bos) is shown in diagram A, although this area of the head is not optimal for river buffalo due to this species cranium features described above. B. The recommended site for discharge application in buffaloes is the skull occipital region (poll position) towards the medulla oblongata (Diagrams courtesy of Ana María Duarte).
| Results on appropriate, inappropriate, and painful slaughtering methods of river buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis ) are discussed. Undesirable consequences of poor desensitization and/or...

Published in 11 January 2021

Manual of good practices for welfare: a proposal for dairy cattle on pasture in Brazil

Ana Luiza Mendonça Pinto, Fernanda Victor Rodrigues Vieira, et al.
| Debate on ethics in animal production started in 1960s. Since that time, discussion on animal welfare (AW) has taken large proportions, where laws and specific rules were...

Published in 30 October 2013

Residual nets for understanding animal behavior

Sarthak Yadav, Ankur Singh Bist.
Basic block without down and drop sampling.
Basic block without down and drop sampling.
| Analysis of animal behavior requires proper algorithms for the extraction of desired information from videos. Animal behavior involves various states like facial expression, body movement etc....

Published in 01 January 2019

Infrared thermography applied to rhea (Rhea americana)

Jânio Lopes Torquato, João Batista Freire de Souza Jr , et al.
| Infrared thermography is an innovative tool that has been used in several studies involving animal. This tool used to study heat stress, thermoregulation, behavior, disease diagnosis, mainly in...

Published in 30 April 2015

Allonursing in water buffalo: Cooperative maternal behavior in domestic Bovidae

Agustín Orihuela, Cécile Bienboire-Frosini , et al.
| In several species of mammals, allonursing is a common practice in which maternal care of nonfilial offspring is provided. Allonursing benefits both mothers and young people. Although this...

Published in 26 November 2024

Behavioral responses of cows and goats during slaughtering for Eid Al-Adha: A field study in Surakarta

Muthoifin, Ishmah Afiyah, et al.
| This study aims to observe and analyze the response and behavior of cows and goats during the slaughter process of sacrificial animals on Eid al-Adha 1445H in Surakarta, Indonesia. The study...

Published in 17 December 2024

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