October

Editor-in-chief
Dr. João Souza-Junior

Periodicity
Quarterly

Neurobehavioral and neuroprotector effects of caffeine in animal models

Villanueva-García D, Mota-Rojas D, et al.
Representation of adenosine receptor antagonism. By antagonizing the A1 or A3 receptors linked to inhibitory (pGi), caffeine produces inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity, thus impeding the conversion of monophosphate (AMP) into cyclic AMP (AMPc). This, in turn, reduces the activity of the kinase A protein (PKA), blocking the phosphorylation of Ca2+ channels. Antagonism of A2 receptors is associated with stimulating G proteins (pGs) that produce an increase of adenylate cyclase and cyclic AMP, which increase the sensitivity of the calcium channels to facilitate entry into the cell.
Representation of adenosine receptor antagonism. By antagonizing the A1 or A3 receptors linked to inhibitory (pGi), caffeine produces inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity, thus impeding the conversion of monophosphate (AMP) into cyclic AMP (AMPc). This, in turn, reduces the activity of the kinase A protein (PKA), blocking the phosphorylation of Ca2+ channels. Antagonism of A2 receptors is associated with stimulating G proteins (pGs) that produce an increase of adenylate cyclase and cyclic AMP, which increase the sensitivity of the calcium channels to facilitate entry into the cell.
Review Article | This review aims to analyze and contrast the neurological effects associated with the use of caffeine on neurobehavior and neuroprotection in animal models. Caffeine belongs to the group of...

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Published in 16 August 2020

Scientific findings related to changes in vascular microcirculation using infrared thermography in the river buffalo

Bertoni A, Mota-Rojas D, et al.
Periocular, lacrimal caruncle, muzzle, and lateral region thermal windows in the river buffalo. A) Periocular region. According to Barros et al (2016) and de Ruediger et al (2018), this region best reflects the rectal temperature and is least affected by ambient temperature. In the thermogram obtained at an emissivity of 0.95, this region is circled by an ellipse that spans the entire eyeball. B) Lacrimal caruncle. This is one of the areas most-extensively studied with IRT because it can be a good indicator of changes in body temperature attributed to the sympathetic responses of the autonomous nervous system (Travain et al 2015). In the thermogram, this area is signaled by a point placed in the center of the caruncle. C) Muzzle. According to de Ruediger et al (2018), the muzzle reflects the rectal temperature quickly and precisely and involves a less invasive procedure, so it can be used to study the thermal comfort of female dairy buffaloes. The thermogram shows three circles around the periphery of the muzzle with two marking the nostrils. It is important to mention that taking rostral thermographic images also makes it possible to evaluate oral temperature by placing an ellipse around the auricular pavilion. D) Lateral region. Barros et al (2016) point out that both the right and left flanks can be utilized as thermal windows if, for some reason, it is difficult to analyze the orbital region. This procedure, however, requires considering that the left flank presents an elevated preprandial temperature (Montanholi et al 2008). In the thermogram, this region is signaled by a checkered rectangle.
Periocular, lacrimal caruncle, muzzle, and lateral region thermal windows in the river buffalo. A) Periocular region. According to Barros et al (2016) and de Ruediger et al (2018), this region best reflects the rectal temperature and is least affected by ambient temperature. In the thermogram obtained at an emissivity of 0.95, this region is circled by an ellipse that spans the entire eyeball. B) Lacrimal caruncle. This is one of the areas most-extensively studied with IRT because it can be a good indicator of changes in body temperature attributed to the sympathetic responses of the autonomous nervous system (Travain et al 2015). In the thermogram, this area is signaled by a point placed in the center of the caruncle. C) Muzzle. According to de Ruediger et al (2018), the muzzle reflects the rectal temperature quickly and precisely and involves a less invasive procedure, so it can be used to study the thermal comfort of female dairy buffaloes. The thermogram shows three circles around the periphery of the muzzle with two marking the nostrils. It is important to mention that taking rostral thermographic images also makes it possible to evaluate oral temperature by placing an ellipse around the auricular pavilion. D) Lateral region. Barros et al (2016) point out that both the right and left flanks can be utilized as thermal windows if, for some reason, it is difficult to analyze the orbital region. This procedure, however, requires considering that the left flank presents an elevated preprandial temperature (Montanholi et al 2008). In the thermogram, this region is signaled by a checkered rectangle.
Review Article | The objective of this review article is to discuss and analyze the most important scientific findings from studies of vascular microcirculation in the river buffalo using infrared thermography...

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Published in 04 August 2020

Weaning strategies to improve productivity and animal welfare in zebu (Bos indicus) and water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

Orihuela A, Mota-Rojas D, et al.
Weaning strategies
Review Article | Information on approaches to weaning zebu ( Bos indicus ) and water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis ) calves is scarce in proportion to studies of breeds of B. taurus cattle,...

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Published in 20 July 2020

Neurological modulation of facial expressions in pigs and implications for production

Mota-Rojas D, Orihuela A, et al.
Facial action units in weaned piglets. Attention should focus on the transition involved in the weaning process because piglets present a series of FAU that run from slight tension and an alert state before weaning, to agitation, orbital tension, and even fighting upon separation from their dams. An apparent state of relaxation and distraction emerges in the transport vehicle if it is enriched with a distractor. Finally, the return of ocular tension and retraction of the ears towards the caudal zone are evident.
Review Article | The facial expressions of animals constitute a means of manifesting emotions, fulfilling functions related to social interactions in several species. Interest has come to use facial expressions...

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Published in 27 June 2020

Flavored sisal ropes as environmental enrichment for nursery piglets

de Souza J C d S M, Alves L K S, et al.
Pigs
Research Article | The objective of the present study was to evaluate the behavior of piglets in the nursery phase in the presence of pure sisal ropes, soaked with different flavors as a means of environmental...

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Published in 16 September 2020

Nesting habitat and breeding success of Fulica atra in tree wetlands in Fez’s region, central Morocco

Squalli W, Mansouri I, et al.
nest
nest
Research Article | The current study was intended to investigate the breeding habitats and ecology of the Eurasian coot Fulica atra in Fez region Morocco. To achieve our goals, nests were monitored in...

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Published in 06 August 2020

How the diurnal hours affects maintenance behavior in Japanese quail concerning rearing modification systems

Abdel-Hamid S E, Fattah A. F. A.
Quail
Research Article | This study was carried out to investigate the impact of times of day on the behavior of Japanese quail concerning managerial modifications systems. A total of 120 one-day-old quail chicks were...

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Published in 26 July 2020

Heat stress impact on blood biochemical response and plasma aldosterone level in three different indigenous goat breeds

Aleena J, Sejian V, et al.
Effect of heat stress on plasma aldosterone concentration in Osmanabadi, Malabari and Salem black goats. Values bearing different superscripts differed significantly at P < 0.05.
Research Article | A study was conducted to compare the adaptive ability of three indigenous goat breeds (Osmanabadi, Malabari, and Salem Black) to heat stress. The primary objective of the study was to assess the...

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Published in 27 July 2020

Spatial and temporal variations on the coexistence of Aedes and Culex larvae in Southern Thailand

Chumsri A, Jaroensutasinee M, et al.
aedes culex
Research Article | This study investigated spatial and temporal variations on the coexistence of Aedes aegypti , Aedes albopictus , and Culex larvae in five subdistricts in Nakhon Si...

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Published in 10 July 2020

Behavior and blood profile in Friesian-Holstein dairy cows in the special region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Hudaya M F, Sitaresmi P I, et al.
Research Article | The background of this study was blood profile and cows' behavior that could be used as a tool to diagnose reproductive status in the dairy cows. This research was aimed to determine biochemical...

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Published in 26 June 2020