Division of Neonatology, National Institute of Health Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico.
Neurophysiology, Behavior, and Animal Welfare Assessment, Department of Animal Production and Agriculture (DPAA), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) Xochimilco Campus, 04960, Mexico City, Mexico.
Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anaesthesia. Department of Biological Science. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), FESC, 54714, Mexico.
Livestock Science Department, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, 54714, State of Mexico, Mexico.
Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anaesthesia. Department of Biological Science. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), FESC, 54714, Mexico.
Neurophysiology, Behavior, and Animal Welfare Assessment, Department of Animal Production and Agriculture (DPAA), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) Xochimilco Campus, 04960, Mexico City, Mexico.
Bioterio y Cirugía Experimental, National Rehabilitation Institute “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra” (INRLGII), Secretaría de Salud (SSA), Mexico City, Mexico.
Graduate and Research Department, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Victoria City, Tamaulipas, Mexico.
This review aims to analyze and contrast the neurological effects associated with the use of caffeine on neurobehavior and neuroprotection in animal models. Caffeine belongs to the group of methylxanthines that exert a direct effect on adenosine receptors associated with inhibitory or excitatory G proteins, generating modification of cyclic AMP activity and intracellular calcium flow which produces alterations in the modulation system of the neurotransmitters dopamine and glutamate. The regulation of the neurotransmission systems generates protection against the inflammation of the central nervous system, by activation of the microglia and reinforcement of the blood-brain barrier. This drug will also restore cognition or prevent memory loss in Parkinson's or Alzheimer's diseases. It is important to establish new study models in other species to assess whether the behavior of the molecule is similar and to obtain other clinical applications in its behavioral and neuroprotective effects.
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