Application of active acoustic technology to assess the target strength of seahorses based on the presence of a reproductive organ

Dony Apdillah; Indra Jaya; Henry Munandar Manik; Totok Hestirianoto; Nofrizal

doi:10.31893/jabb.21023

Keywords:

Abstract

This study aims to provide reliable information on comparing the target strength (TS) values of seahorses based on the reproductive state. This study was carried out using hydro-acoustic technology in a water tank environment. Data were obtained using the single-beam scientific echo-sounder SIMRAD EK-15 at a frequency of 200 kHz and analyzed via the Sonar-4 software. The measurement result of the TS (mean±S.E.M.) of Hippocampus kuda female, male and pregnant male seahorses were -56.24±0.047, -57.25±0.032, and -58.26±0.06, respectively. There was a significant difference in the mean TS value of H. kuda based on the reproductive state (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the response to the mean TS value of pregnant H. kuda male (the presence of a brood pouch) was lowly significant compared to the female (absence of a brood pouch) (P < 0.05). The results showed a possibility of finding a pregnant H. kuda male in a water column through active acoustic methods in the future.
References
1. Apdillah D, Jaya I, Manik HM, T Hestirianoto and Febrianto T (2018) Seahorse Acoustic Reflection on Active and Passive Moving Condition: A Prelyminary Observation in Watertank. Omni-Akuatika 14:1.
2. Balk H, Lindem T (2015) Sonar 4 and Sonar 5-Pro post-processing systems, Operator manual version 6.0.3, 494 p, Lindem Data Acquisition Humleveien 4b. 0870 Oslo, Norway.
3. Bertha M.O & Davy B (2000) Traditional Medicine Chines & Tonic Food in Proceeding of The First International Workshop on The management and Culture of Marine Species Use in Tradional Medicine. Project Seahorse Department of Biology MC. Gill University Montreal; Quebec. Canada.
4. Carcupino M, Baldacci A, Mazzini M, Franzoi P (2002) Functional significance of the male brood pouch in the reproductive strategies of pipefishes and seahorses: a morphological and ultrastructural comparative study on three anatomically different pouches. Journal of Fish Biology 61:1465-1480.
5. Correia MJ, Palma, Koldewey HJ, Andrade JP (2013) Can artificial holdfast units work as a habitat restoration tool for long-snouted seahorse (Hippocampus guttulatus Cuvier)? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 448:258-264.
6. DuFour M.R, Christine MM, Song SQ, Christopher SV, Richard TK, Patrick MK, David MW (2018) Inferred fish behavior its implications for hydro-acoustic surveys in nearshore habitats. Fisheries Research 199:63-75.
7. Frouzova J, Kubecka J, Balk H, Frouz J (2005) Target strength of some European fish species and its dependence on fish body parameters. Fisheries Research 75:86-96.
8. Foster SJ, Wiswedel S, Vincent ACJ (2014) Opportunities and challenges for analysis of wildlife trade using CITES data - seahorses as a case study. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems.
9. Foster SJ, Vincent ACJ (2004) Life history and ecology of seahorses: implications for conservation and management. Journal of Fish Biology 65:1-61.
10. Greenstreet SPR, Holland GJ, Guirey EJ, Armstrong E, Fraser HM, Gibb IM (2010) Combining hydro-acoustic seabed survey and grab sampling techniques to assess local sandeel population abundance. ICES Journal of Marine Science 67:971–984.
11. Horne JK (2003) The influence of ontogeny, physiology and behaviour on the target strength of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma). ICES Journal of Marine Science 60:1063-1074.
12. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. Available: .
13. Jones AG (2004) Male pregnancy and the formation of seahorse species. Biologist 51:4.
14. Kawaguchi M, Okubo R, Harada A, Miyasaka K, Takada K, Hiroi J, Yasumasu S (2017) Morphology of brood pouch formation in the pot-bellied seahorse Hippocampus abdominalis. Zoological letters 3:19.
15. Kusumaningrum W (2013) Analisis target strength Udang Galah (Macrobranchium rosenbergii De Man) menggunakan akustik split beam di Delta Mahakam. Thesis, Sekolah Pascasarjana IPB, Bogor.
16. Laksanawimol P, Damrongphol P, Kruatrachue M (2006) Alteration of the brood pouch morphology during gestation of male seahorses, Hippocampus kuda. Marine and Freshwater Research 57:497-502.
17. Manik HM, Apdillah D (2017) Remote Sensing of Seagrass and Seabed using Acoustic Technology in Bintan Seawater, Indonesia.
18. Manik. HM, Apdillah D, Dwinovantyo A, Solikin S (2017) Development of Quantitative Single Beam Echo-sounder for Measuring Fish Backscattering. Chapter 6 from the book Advances in Underwater Acoustics. Published by INTECH.
19. Manik HM, Furusawa M, Amakasu K (2006) Quantifying Sea Bottom Surface Backscattering Strength and Identifying Bottom Fish Habitat by Quantitative Echo Sounder. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 45:4865–4867.
20. Medwin H, dan Clay CS (1998) Applied Ocean Acoustics: Fundamentals of Acoustical Oceanography. Academic Press, New York. 712 pp.
21. Ona E (1990) Physiological factors causing natural variations in acoustic target strength of fish. Journal of the Marine Science Biological Association of the UK 70:107-127.
22. Poortenaar CW, Woods CMC, James PJ, Giambartolomei FM, Lokman PM (2004) Reproductive biology of female big‐bellied seahorses. Journal of Fish Biology 64:717-725.
23. Project Seahorse (2014) Available: http://seahorse.fisheries.ubc.ca.
24. Simmonds EJ, Maclennan DN (2005) Fisheries Acoustic Theory and Practice. Second Edition. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd.
25. Simrad (2012) Installation manual, Simrad EK15 Multi purpose scientifi echo-sounder, Kongsberg Maritime AS.
26. Stölting KN, Wilson AB (2007) Male pregnancy in seahorses and pipefish: beyond the mammalian model. Bioessays 29:884-896.
27. Vecchione A (2013) Prospects challenges in monitoring the seahorse population of South Carolina, USA. Journal of Marine Animal and Their Ecology 6:6-11.
28. Vincent ACJ, Berglund A, Ahnesjö I (1995) Reproductive ecology of five pipefish species in one eelgrass meadow. Environmental Biology of Fishes 44:347–61
29. Vincent ACJ (1996) The International Trade in Seahorses. TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, UK.
30. Vincent ACJ, Foster SJ, Koldewey HJ (2011) Conservation and management of seahorses and other Syngnathidae. Journal of Fish Biology 78:1681-1724.
31. Wilson MJ, Vincent ACJ (1998) Preliminary success in closing the life cycle of exploited seahorse species, Hippocampus spp., in captivity. Aquatic Science Conservation 2:179-196.
32. Woods CMC (2005) Reproductive output of male seahorses, Hippocampus abdominalis, from Wellington Harbour, New Zealand: Implications for conservation, New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39:881-888.
33. Yip MY, Lim ACO, Chong VC, Lawson JM, Foster SJ (2014) Food and feeding habits of the seahorses Hippocampus spinosissimus and Hippocampus trimaculatus (Malaysia). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1-8.
34. Zachary CZP, Ferber NG, Maidment (2013) Summary of Seahorse Population and Distribution Koh Rong Samloem Preah Sihanouk, Cambodia. Report on seahorse demographics and habitats, Marine Conservation Cambodia 1st Quarter Report 2013 – Jan/Feb/Mar.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to cite

Apdillah, D., Jaya, I., Manik, H. M., Hestirianoto, T., & Nofrizal. (2021). Application of active acoustic technology to assess the target strength of seahorses based on the presence of a reproductive organ. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology, 9(2), 2123. https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.21023

[1] Apdillah D, Jaya I, Manik HM, T Hestirianoto and Febrianto T (2018) Seahorse Acoustic Reflection on Active and Passive Moving Condition: A Prelyminary Observation in Watertank. Omni-Akuatika 14:1.

[2] Balk H, Lindem T (2015) Sonar 4 and Sonar 5-Pro post-processing systems, Operator manual version 6.0.3, 494 p, Lindem Data Acquisition Humleveien 4b. 0870 Oslo, Norway.

[3] Bertha M.O & Davy B (2000) Traditional Medicine Chines & Tonic Food in Proceeding of The First International Workshop on The management and Culture of Marine Species Use in Tradional Medicine. Project Seahorse Department of Biology MC. Gill University Montreal; Quebec. Canada.

[4] Carcupino M, Baldacci A, Mazzini M, Franzoi P (2002) Functional significance of the male brood pouch in the reproductive strategies of pipefishes and seahorses: a morphological and ultrastructural comparative study on three anatomically different pouches. Journal of Fish Biology 61:1465-1480.

[5] Correia MJ, Palma, Koldewey HJ, Andrade JP (2013) Can artificial holdfast units work as a habitat restoration tool for long-snouted seahorse (Hippocampus guttulatus Cuvier)? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 448:258-264.

[6] DuFour M.R, Christine MM, Song SQ, Christopher SV, Richard TK, Patrick MK, David MW (2018) Inferred fish behavior its implications for hydro-acoustic surveys in nearshore habitats. Fisheries Research 199:63-75.

[7] Frouzova J, Kubecka J, Balk H, Frouz J (2005) Target strength of some European fish species and its dependence on fish body parameters. Fisheries Research 75:86-96.

[8] Foster SJ, Wiswedel S, Vincent ACJ (2014) Opportunities and challenges for analysis of wildlife trade using CITES data - seahorses as a case study. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems.

[9] Foster SJ, Vincent ACJ (2004) Life history and ecology of seahorses: implications for conservation and management. Journal of Fish Biology 65:1-61.

[10] Greenstreet SPR, Holland GJ, Guirey EJ, Armstrong E, Fraser HM, Gibb IM (2010) Combining hydro-acoustic seabed survey and grab sampling techniques to assess local sandeel population abundance. ICES Journal of Marine Science 67:971–984.

[11] Horne JK (2003) The influence of ontogeny, physiology and behaviour on the target strength of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma). ICES Journal of Marine Science 60:1063-1074.

[12] IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. Available: .

[13] Jones AG (2004) Male pregnancy and the formation of seahorse species. Biologist 51:4.

[14] Kawaguchi M, Okubo R, Harada A, Miyasaka K, Takada K, Hiroi J, Yasumasu S (2017) Morphology of brood pouch formation in the pot-bellied seahorse Hippocampus abdominalis. Zoological letters 3:19.

[15] Kusumaningrum W (2013) Analisis target strength Udang Galah (Macrobranchium rosenbergii De Man) menggunakan akustik split beam di Delta Mahakam. Thesis, Sekolah Pascasarjana IPB, Bogor.

[16] Laksanawimol P, Damrongphol P, Kruatrachue M (2006) Alteration of the brood pouch morphology during gestation of male seahorses, Hippocampus kuda. Marine and Freshwater Research 57:497-502.

[17] Manik HM, Apdillah D (2017) Remote Sensing of Seagrass and Seabed using Acoustic Technology in Bintan Seawater, Indonesia.

[18] Manik. HM, Apdillah D, Dwinovantyo A, Solikin S (2017) Development of Quantitative Single Beam Echo-sounder for Measuring Fish Backscattering. Chapter 6 from the book Advances in Underwater Acoustics. Published by INTECH.

[19] Manik HM, Furusawa M, Amakasu K (2006) Quantifying Sea Bottom Surface Backscattering Strength and Identifying Bottom Fish Habitat by Quantitative Echo Sounder. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 45:4865–4867.

[20] Medwin H, dan Clay CS (1998) Applied Ocean Acoustics: Fundamentals of Acoustical Oceanography. Academic Press, New York. 712 pp.

[21] Ona E (1990) Physiological factors causing natural variations in acoustic target strength of fish. Journal of the Marine Science Biological Association of the UK 70:107-127.

[22] Poortenaar CW, Woods CMC, James PJ, Giambartolomei FM, Lokman PM (2004) Reproductive biology of female big‐bellied seahorses. Journal of Fish Biology 64:717-725.

[23] Project Seahorse (2014) Available: http://seahorse.fisheries.ubc.ca.

[24] Simmonds EJ, Maclennan DN (2005) Fisheries Acoustic Theory and Practice. Second Edition. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd.

[25] Simrad (2012) Installation manual, Simrad EK15 Multi purpose scientifi echo-sounder, Kongsberg Maritime AS.

[26] Stölting KN, Wilson AB (2007) Male pregnancy in seahorses and pipefish: beyond the mammalian model. Bioessays 29:884-896.

[27] Vecchione A (2013) Prospects challenges in monitoring the seahorse population of South Carolina, USA. Journal of Marine Animal and Their Ecology 6:6-11.

[28] Vincent ACJ, Berglund A, Ahnesjö I (1995) Reproductive ecology of five pipefish species in one eelgrass meadow. Environmental Biology of Fishes 44:347–61

[29] Vincent ACJ (1996) The International Trade in Seahorses. TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, UK.

[30] Vincent ACJ, Foster SJ, Koldewey HJ (2011) Conservation and management of seahorses and other Syngnathidae. Journal of Fish Biology 78:1681-1724.

[31] Wilson MJ, Vincent ACJ (1998) Preliminary success in closing the life cycle of exploited seahorse species, Hippocampus spp., in captivity. Aquatic Science Conservation 2:179-196.

[32] Woods CMC (2005) Reproductive output of male seahorses, Hippocampus abdominalis, from Wellington Harbour, New Zealand: Implications for conservation, New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39:881-888.

[33] Yip MY, Lim ACO, Chong VC, Lawson JM, Foster SJ (2014) Food and feeding habits of the seahorses Hippocampus spinosissimus and Hippocampus trimaculatus (Malaysia). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1-8.

[34] Zachary CZP, Ferber NG, Maidment (2013) Summary of Seahorse Population and Distribution Koh Rong Samloem Preah Sihanouk, Cambodia. Report on seahorse demographics and habitats, Marine Conservation Cambodia 1st Quarter Report 2013 – Jan/Feb/Mar.

Abstract

References

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