Infrared thermal image for assessing animal health and welfare

Irenilza Alencar Nääs; Rodrigo Garófallo Garcia; Fabiana Ribeiro Caldara

doi:10.14269/2318-1265/jabb.v2n3p66-72

Keywords:

Abstract

Infrared thermal imaging is a non-destructive testing technology that can be used to determine the superficial temperature of objects. This technology has an increasing use in detecting diseases and distress in animal husbandry within the poultry, pig and dairy production. The process can identify changes in peripheral blood flow from the resulting changes in heat loss and; therefore, have been a useful tool for evaluating the presence of disease, edema, and stress in animals. This paper reviews the current literature related to the use of infrared technology and discusses their results and implications in animal welfare issues, poultry, pig and bovine industry.
References
1. Aksit M, Yalçin S, Özkan S et al (2006) Effects of temperature during rearing and crating on stress parameters and meat quality of broilers. Poultry Science 85:1867-1874.
2. Alves FMS, Felix GA, Almeida Paz ICL et al (2012) Impact of exposure to cold on layer production. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 14:223-226.
3. Alsaaod C, Syring J, Dietrich MG et al (2014) A field trial of infrared thermography as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of digital dermatitis in dairy cows. The Veterinary Journal 199:281–285.
4. Bouzida N, Bendada A, Maldague XP (2009) Visualization of body thermoregulation by infrared imaging. Journal of Thermal Biology 34:120-126.
5. Caldara FR, dos Santos LS, Machado ST, Moi M et al (2014) Piglets’ surface temperature change at different weights at birth. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Science 27: 431-438.
6. Cangar Ö, Aerts J-M, Buyse J et al (2008) Quantification of the spatial distribution of surface temperatures of broilers. Poultry Science 87: 2493-2499.
7. Case LA, Wood BJ, Miller SP (2012) Investigation of body surface temperature measured with infrared imaging and its correlation with feed efficiency in the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). Journal of Thermal Biology 37:397-401.
8. Chiu WT, Lin PW, Chiou HY et al (2005) Infrared thermography to mass-screen suspected SARS patients with fever. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 17:26–28. cover of laying hens by infrared thermography. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 15: 274-279.
9. Cooper MA, Washburn KW (1998) The relationships of body temperature to weight gain, feed consumption, and feed utilization in broilers under heat stress. Poultry Science 77: 237-242.
10. Dawkins MS (1990) From an animal's point of view: Motivation, fitness and animal welfare. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13:1-9.
11. Dawson C, Vincent JFV, Jeronimidis G et al (1999) Heat transfer through penguin feathers. Journal of Theoretical Biology 199: 291 295.
12. Donkoh A (1989) Ambient temperature: a factor affecting performance and physiological response of broiler chickens. International Journal of Biometeorology 33: 259-265.
13. Eddy AL, Van Hoogmoed LM, Snyder JR (2001) The role of thermography in the management of equine lameness. The Veterinary Journal 162: 172–181.
14. Edgar JL, Nicol CJ, Pugh CA et al (2013) Surface temperature changes in response to handling in domestic chickens. Physiology & Behavior, Volume 119, 2 July 2013, Pages 195-200.
15. Ferreira VMOS, Francisco NSI, Belloni MI et al (2011) Infrared thermography applied to the evaluation of metabolic heat loss of chicks fed with different energy densities Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 13: 113-118.
16. Graciano DE, Nääs IA, Caldara FR et al (2014) Identificação de artrite em suíno utilizando imagem termográfica. Boletim de Indústria Animal (Online) 71: 58-62.
17. IUPS Thermal Commission. 2001. Glossary of terms for thermal physiology. The Japanese Journal of Physiology 51: 245-280.
18. Kastberger G, Stachl R (2003) Infrared imaging technology and biological applications. Behavior Research. Methods, Instruments and Computers 35: 429–439.
19. Li Y, Ito T, Yamamoto S (1991) Diurnal variation in heat production related to some physical activities in laying hens. British Poultry Science 32: 821-827.
20. Malheiros RD, Moraes VMB, Bruno LDG et al (2000) Environmental temperature and cloacal and surface temperatures of broilers chicks in first week post hatch. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 9: 111-117.
21. McCafferty DJ, Moncrieff JB, Taylor R et al (1998) The use of IR thermography to measure the radiative temperature and heat loss of a barn owl (Tyto alba). Journal of Thermal Biology 23: 311-318.
22. Montanholi YR, Odongo NE, Swanson KC et al (2008) Application of infrared thermography as an indicator of heat and methane production and its use in the study of skin temperature in response to physiological events in dairy cattle (Bos taurus). Journal of Thermal Biology 33: 468-475.
23. Moura DJ, Nääs IA, Pereira DF et al (2006) Animal welfare concepts and strategy for poultry production: a review. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola 8: 137-147.
24. Nääs IA, Romanini C E B, Neves DP et al (2010) Broiler surface temperature distribution of 42 day old chickens. Scientia Agricola, 67(5), 497-502.
25. Nicol CJ, Scott GB (1990) Pre-slaughter handling and transport of broiler chickens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 28: 57-73.
26. Nikkhah A, Plaizier JC, Einarson MS et al (2005) Infrared thermography and visual examination of hooves of dairy cows in two stages of lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 88: 2749–2753.
27. Schaefer AL, Cook N, Tessaro SV et al (2004) Early detection and prediction of infection using infrared thermography. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 84: 73–80.
28. Schaefer AL, Cook NJ, Bench C et al (2012) The non-invasive and automated detection of bovine respiratory disease onset on receiver calves using infrared thermography. Research in Veterinary Science 93: 928–935.
29. Shinder D, Rusal M, Tanny J (2007) Thermoregulatory response of chicks (Gallus domesticus) to low ambient temperatures at an early age. Poultry Science 86: 2200-2209.
30. Stewart M, Webster JR, Schaefer AL et al (2005) Infrared thermography as a non-invasive tool to study animal welfare. Animal Welfare 14: 319-325.
31. Stewart M, Stafford KJ, Dowling SK et al (2008) Eye temperature and heart rate variability of calves disbudded with or without local anaesthetic. Physiology & Behavior 93:789–797
32. . Sykes DJ, Couvillion JS, Cromiak A et al (2012) The use of digital infrared thermal imaging to detect estrus in gilts. Theriogenology 78:147-152.
33. Tessier M, Du Tremblay D, Klopfenstein C et al (2003) Abdominal skin temperature variation in healthy broiler chickens as determined by thermography. Poultry Science 82: 846-849.
34. Ward S, Rayner JMV, Möller U et al (1999) Heat transfer from starling Sturnus vulgaris during flight. Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 1589-1602.
35. Warriss PD, Pope SJ, Brown SN et al (2006) Estimating the body temperature of groups of pigs by thermal imaging. Veterinary Record 158:331-334.
36. Weschenfelder AV, Saucier L, Maldague X et al (2013) Use of infrared ocular thermography to assess physiological conditions of pigs prior to slaughter and predict pork quality variation. Meat Science 95: 616-620.
37. Yahav S, Luger D, Cahaner A et al (1998) Thermoregulation in naked neck chickens subjected to different ambient temperatures. British Poultry Science 39: 133-138.
38. Yahav S, Straschnow A, Vax E et al (2001) Air velocity alters broiler performance under harsh environmental conditions. Poultry Science 80: 724-726.
39. Yahav S, Straschnow A, Luger D et al (2004) Ventilation, sensible heat loss, broiler energy, and water balance under harsh environmental conditions. Poultry Science 83:253-258.
40. Zhou WT, Yamamoto S (1997) Effects of environmental temperature and heat production due to food intake on abdominal temperature, shank skin temperature and respiration rate of broilers. British Poultry Science 38: 107-114.

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How to cite

Nääs, I. A., Garcia, R. G., & Caldara, F. R. (2014). Infrared thermal image for assessing animal health and welfare. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology, 2(3), 66–72. https://doi.org/10.14269/2318-1265/jabb.v2n3p66-72

[1] Aksit M, Yalçin S, Özkan S et al (2006) Effects of temperature during rearing and crating on stress parameters and meat quality of broilers. Poultry Science 85:1867-1874.

[2] Alves FMS, Felix GA, Almeida Paz ICL et al (2012) Impact of exposure to cold on layer production. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 14:223-226.

[3] Alsaaod C, Syring J, Dietrich MG et al (2014) A field trial of infrared thermography as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of digital dermatitis in dairy cows. The Veterinary Journal 199:281–285.

[4] Bouzida N, Bendada A, Maldague XP (2009) Visualization of body thermoregulation by infrared imaging. Journal of Thermal Biology 34:120-126.

[5] Caldara FR, dos Santos LS, Machado ST, Moi M et al (2014) Piglets’ surface temperature change at different weights at birth. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Science 27: 431-438.

[6] Cangar Ö, Aerts J-M, Buyse J et al (2008) Quantification of the spatial distribution of surface temperatures of broilers. Poultry Science 87: 2493-2499.

[7] Case LA, Wood BJ, Miller SP (2012) Investigation of body surface temperature measured with infrared imaging and its correlation with feed efficiency in the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). Journal of Thermal Biology 37:397-401.

[8] Chiu WT, Lin PW, Chiou HY et al (2005) Infrared thermography to mass-screen suspected SARS patients with fever. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 17:26–28. cover of laying hens by infrared thermography. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 15: 274-279.

[9] Cooper MA, Washburn KW (1998) The relationships of body temperature to weight gain, feed consumption, and feed utilization in broilers under heat stress. Poultry Science 77: 237-242.

[10] Dawkins MS (1990) From an animal's point of view: Motivation, fitness and animal welfare. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13:1-9.

[11] Dawson C, Vincent JFV, Jeronimidis G et al (1999) Heat transfer through penguin feathers. Journal of Theoretical Biology 199: 291 295.

[12] Donkoh A (1989) Ambient temperature: a factor affecting performance and physiological response of broiler chickens. International Journal of Biometeorology 33: 259-265.

[13] Eddy AL, Van Hoogmoed LM, Snyder JR (2001) The role of thermography in the management of equine lameness. The Veterinary Journal 162: 172–181.

[14] Edgar JL, Nicol CJ, Pugh CA et al (2013) Surface temperature changes in response to handling in domestic chickens. Physiology & Behavior, Volume 119, 2 July 2013, Pages 195-200.

[15] Ferreira VMOS, Francisco NSI, Belloni MI et al (2011) Infrared thermography applied to the evaluation of metabolic heat loss of chicks fed with different energy densities Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 13: 113-118.

[16] Graciano DE, Nääs IA, Caldara FR et al (2014) Identificação de artrite em suíno utilizando imagem termográfica. Boletim de Indústria Animal (Online) 71: 58-62.

[17] IUPS Thermal Commission. 2001. Glossary of terms for thermal physiology. The Japanese Journal of Physiology 51: 245-280.

[18] Kastberger G, Stachl R (2003) Infrared imaging technology and biological applications. Behavior Research. Methods, Instruments and Computers 35: 429–439.

[19] Li Y, Ito T, Yamamoto S (1991) Diurnal variation in heat production related to some physical activities in laying hens. British Poultry Science 32: 821-827.

[20] Malheiros RD, Moraes VMB, Bruno LDG et al (2000) Environmental temperature and cloacal and surface temperatures of broilers chicks in first week post hatch. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 9: 111-117.

[21] McCafferty DJ, Moncrieff JB, Taylor R et al (1998) The use of IR thermography to measure the radiative temperature and heat loss of a barn owl (Tyto alba). Journal of Thermal Biology 23: 311-318.

[22] Montanholi YR, Odongo NE, Swanson KC et al (2008) Application of infrared thermography as an indicator of heat and methane production and its use in the study of skin temperature in response to physiological events in dairy cattle (Bos taurus). Journal of Thermal Biology 33: 468-475.

[23] Moura DJ, Nääs IA, Pereira DF et al (2006) Animal welfare concepts and strategy for poultry production: a review. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola 8: 137-147.

[24] Nääs IA, Romanini C E B, Neves DP et al (2010) Broiler surface temperature distribution of 42 day old chickens. Scientia Agricola, 67(5), 497-502.

[25] Nicol CJ, Scott GB (1990) Pre-slaughter handling and transport of broiler chickens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 28: 57-73.

[26] Nikkhah A, Plaizier JC, Einarson MS et al (2005) Infrared thermography and visual examination of hooves of dairy cows in two stages of lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 88: 2749–2753.

[27] Schaefer AL, Cook N, Tessaro SV et al (2004) Early detection and prediction of infection using infrared thermography. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 84: 73–80.

[28] Schaefer AL, Cook NJ, Bench C et al (2012) The non-invasive and automated detection of bovine respiratory disease onset on receiver calves using infrared thermography. Research in Veterinary Science 93: 928–935.

[29] Shinder D, Rusal M, Tanny J (2007) Thermoregulatory response of chicks (Gallus domesticus) to low ambient temperatures at an early age. Poultry Science 86: 2200-2209.

[30] Stewart M, Webster JR, Schaefer AL et al (2005) Infrared thermography as a non-invasive tool to study animal welfare. Animal Welfare 14: 319-325.

[31] Stewart M, Stafford KJ, Dowling SK et al (2008) Eye temperature and heart rate variability of calves disbudded with or without local anaesthetic. Physiology & Behavior 93:789–797

[32] . Sykes DJ, Couvillion JS, Cromiak A et al (2012) The use of digital infrared thermal imaging to detect estrus in gilts. Theriogenology 78:147-152.

[33] Tessier M, Du Tremblay D, Klopfenstein C et al (2003) Abdominal skin temperature variation in healthy broiler chickens as determined by thermography. Poultry Science 82: 846-849.

[34] Ward S, Rayner JMV, Möller U et al (1999) Heat transfer from starling Sturnus vulgaris during flight. Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 1589-1602.

[35] Warriss PD, Pope SJ, Brown SN et al (2006) Estimating the body temperature of groups of pigs by thermal imaging. Veterinary Record 158:331-334.

[36] Weschenfelder AV, Saucier L, Maldague X et al (2013) Use of infrared ocular thermography to assess physiological conditions of pigs prior to slaughter and predict pork quality variation. Meat Science 95: 616-620.

[37] Yahav S, Luger D, Cahaner A et al (1998) Thermoregulation in naked neck chickens subjected to different ambient temperatures. British Poultry Science 39: 133-138.

[38] Yahav S, Straschnow A, Vax E et al (2001) Air velocity alters broiler performance under harsh environmental conditions. Poultry Science 80: 724-726.

[39] Yahav S, Straschnow A, Luger D et al (2004) Ventilation, sensible heat loss, broiler energy, and water balance under harsh environmental conditions. Poultry Science 83:253-258.

[40] Zhou WT, Yamamoto S (1997) Effects of environmental temperature and heat production due to food intake on abdominal temperature, shank skin temperature and respiration rate of broilers. British Poultry Science 38: 107-114.

Abstract

References

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