Gas emission in the poultry production

Fernanda Campos de  Sousa; Ilda de Fátima Ferreira Tinôco; Jadir Nogueira da Silva; Fátima de Jesus Fôlgoa Baptista Baptista; Cecília de Fátima  Souza; Alex Lopes da Silva

doi:10.26667/2318-1265jabb.v5n2p49-55

Keywords:

air quality

ammonia emission

broilers

Abstract

Among the greenhouse gases produced in broiler chicken production environments, ammonia stands out for being present in higher concentrations and for significantly affecting human and animal health. Thus, this review evaluates the various sources of ammonia generation in animal production facilities, the damages caused by ammonia emissions in broiler chicken production facilities, and the accompanying economic losses. The main source of ammonia in broiler production is the nitrogen ingested in the diet, which is broken down into uric acid and, eventually, into ammonia that is volatilized from the bed to the environment. High ammonia concentrations in such facilities can affect productivity and result in economic losses. The effects on the environment are eutrophication of water bodies and ground water contamination. Ammonia emission control in poultry production facilities is therefore inevitable to avoid economic losses, prevent environmental damage, and increase feed efficiency.
References
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2. Angus AJ, Hodge ID, Sutton MA (2006) Ammonia abatement strategies in livestock production: A case study of a poultry installation. Agricultural Systems 89: 204–222. doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.003
3. Bittman S, Mikkelsen R (2009) Ammonia Emissions from Agricultural Operations: Livestock. Better Crops 93:28–31.
4. Calvet S, Cambra-López M, Estellés F, Torres AG (2011) Characterization of gas emissions from a Mediterranean broiler farm. Poultry science 90: 534–542. doi:10.3382/ps.2010-01037
5. Donham K (2000) A historical overview of research on the hazards of dust in livestock buildings. In Dust Control in Animal Production Facilities, Proc. Congress in Aarhus, Denmark, 2000. Horsens, Denmark: Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Bygholm, 1:13-21.
6. Egute NS, Abrao A, Carvalho FMS (2010) Estudo do processo da geração de amônia a partir de resíduos avícolas visando a produção de hidrogênio. Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento 12:1–6.
7. EPA (2004) National emission inventory—ammonia emissions from animal husbandry operations (Draft Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency, n. January 30: D1–D16.
8. Fabbri C, Valli L, Guarino M, Costa A, Mazzotta V (2007) Ammonia, methane, nitrous oxide and particulate matter emissions from two different buildings for laying hens. Biosystems Engineering 97: 441–455. doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2007.03.036
9. Faulkner WB, Shaw BW (2008) Review of ammonia emission factors for United States animal agriculture. Atmospheric Environment 42: 6567-6574. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.04.021
10. França LGF, Tinoco IFF (2014) Caracterização de fatores que influenciam a emissão de amônia pelos dejetos de galinhas poedeiras e proposição de um score para o potencial máximo de emissão. In: XLIII Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Agrícola. Proceedings... Campo Grande: CONBEA 2014.
11. Gates RS, Casey KD, Wheeler EF, Xin H, Pescatore AJ (2008) U.S. broiler housing ammonia emissions inventory. Atmospheric Environment 42: 3342–3350. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.057
12. Gay SW, Knowlton KF (2009) Ammonia emissions and animal agriculture Virginia Cooperative Extension. Virginia Cooperative Extension. Virginia State, Petesburg, 110: 442-445.
13. Groot Koerkamp PWG, Metz JHM, Uenk GH, Phillips VR, Holden MR, Sneath RW, Short JL, White RP, Hartung J, Seedorf J, Schroder M, Linkert KH, Pedersen S, Takai H, Johnsen JO, Wathes CM (1998) Concentrations and Emissions of Ammonia in Livestock Buildings in Northern Europe. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 70: 79–95. doi:10.1006/jaer.1998.0275
14. IPCC (2006) Emissions from livestock and manure management. In: IPCC Intergovernmental Panel On Climate (Ed.). Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use. Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan: Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 4:10.1-10.87.
15. Kim W, Patterson P (2003) Effect of minerals on activity of microbial uricase to reduce ammonia volatilization in poultry manure. Poultry Science 82: 223–231. doi:10.1093/ps/82.2.223
16. Lott B, Donald J (2015) Amônia: Grandes perdas mesmo quando você não percebe. http://www.aviculturaindustrial.com.br/ Acessed in: march, 23 of 2015.
17. Marangoni C, Cichoski AJ, Barin JS, Menezes CR (2015) Efeito da incorporação de folhas de oliveira (Olea europaea L.) no desenvolvimento e qualidade da carne de frangos. Brazilian Journal of Food Technology 18: 173–184. doi:10.1590/1981-6723.1515
18. Medeiros CM, Baêta FC, Oliveira RFM, Tinôco IFF, Albino LFT, Cecon PR (2005) Índice térmico ambiental de produtividade para frangos de corte. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 9: 660–665. doi:10.1590/S1415-43662005000400033
19. Medeiros R, Santos BJM, Freitas M, Silva AO, Alves FF, Ferreira E (2008) A adição de diferentes produtos químicos e o efeito da umidade na volatilização de amônia em cama de frango. Ciência Rural 38: 2321-2326. doi:10.1590/S0103-84782008000800035
20. Melse RW, Ogink NW, Rulkens M (2009) Overview of European and Netherlands’ regulations on airborne emissions from intensive livestock production with a focus on the application of air scrubbers. Biosystems Engineering 104: 289–298. doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.07.009
21. Mendes LB, Tinoco IFF, Ogink NWM, Rocha KSO, Saraz JAO, Santos MS (2014) Ammonia emissions from a naturally and a mechanically ventilated broiler house in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 18: 1179–1185. doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v18n11p1179-1185
22. Mendes LB, Edouard N, Ogink NWM, Van Dooren HJC, Tinõco IFF, Mosquera J (2015) Spatial variability of mixing ratios of ammonia and tracer gases in a naturally ventilated dairy cow barn. Biosystems Engineering 129: 360–369. doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2014.11.011
23. Miles DM, Branton SL, Lott BD (2004) Atmospheric ammonia is detrimental to the performance of modern commercial broilers. Poultry Science 83: 1650–1654. doi:10.1093/ps/83.10.1650
24. Misselbrook TH, Van Der WTJ, Pain BF, (2000) Ammonia emission factors for UK agriculture. Atmospheric Environment 34: 871–880. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00350-7
25. Mosquera J, Monteny GJ, Erisman JW (2005) Overview and assessment of techniques to measure ammonia emissions from animal houses: the case of the Netherlands. Environmental Pollution 135: 381–388 doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2004.11.011
26. Nääs IA, Miragliotta MY, Baracho MS, Moura DJ (2007) Ambiência aérea em alojamento de frangos de corte: poeira e gases. Engenharia Agrícola 27: 326–335. doi:10.1590/S0100-69162007000300001
27. NIOSH (1988) OSHA PEL Project Documentation: AmmoniaNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Atlanta 1988: 1-3.
28. Oliveira MC, Almeida CV, Andrade DO, Rodrigues SMM (2003) Teor de matéria seca, pH e amônia volatilizada da cama de frango tratada ou não com diferentes aditivos. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 32: 951–954. doi:10.1590/S1516-35982003000400022
29. Oliveira MC, Ferreira HA, Cancherini LC (2004) Efeito de condicionadores químicos sobre a qualidade da cama de frango. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 56: 536–541. doi:10.1590/S0102-09352004000400016
30. Osório JA, Tinôco IFF, Ciro HJ (2009) Ammonia : A review of concentration and emission models in livestock structures. Dyna 76:89–99.
31. Osorio-Saraz JA, Ferreira-Tinoco IF, Gates RS. Oliveira-Rocha KS, Combatt-Caballero EM, Campos-Sousa F (2014) Adaptation and validation of a methdology for determing ammonia flux generated by litter in naturally ventilated poultry houses. Dyna 81: 137–143. doi:10.15446/dyna.v81n187.40806
32. Oviedo-Rondón EO (2008) Tecnologias para mitigar o impacto ambiental da produção de frangos de corte. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 37: 239–252. doi:10.1590/S1516-35982008001300028
33. Owada NA, Nääs IA, Moura DJ, Baracho MS (2007) Estimativa de bem-estar de frango de corte em função da concentração de amônia e grau de luminosidade no galpão de produção. Engenharia Agrícola 27: 611-618. doi:10.1590/S0100-69162007000400003
34. Perry GC (2003) Welfare of the Laying Hen. World’s Poultry Science Association 27:431.
35. Pessôa GBS, Tavernari FC, Vieira RV, Albino LFT (2012) Novos conceitos em nutrição de aves. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 13:755–774.
36. Ritz CW, Fairchild BD, Lacy MP (2005) Litter Quality and Broiler Performance. Cooperative Extension Service/The University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 1267:1-8.
37. Rocha TM, Andrade MA, Santana ES, Fayad AR, Matias TD (2014) Aspectos clínicos, patológicos e epidemiológicos de doenças imunossupressoras em aves. Enciclopédia Biosfera 10:355–379.
38. Saraz JAO, Tinôco IFF, Gates RS, Paula MO, Mendes LB (2013) Evaluation of different methods for determining ammonia emissions in poultry buildings and their applicability to open facilities. Dyna 80:51–60.
39. Scholtens R, Dore CJ, Jones BMR, Lee DS, Phillips VR (2004) Measuring ammonia emission rates from livestock buildings and manure stores - Part 1: Development and validation of external tracer ratio, internal tracer ratio and passive flux sampling methods. Atmospheric Environment 38: 3003–3015. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.02.030
40. Silva YL, Rodrigues PB, Freitas RTF, Bertechini AG, Fialho ET, Fassani EJ, Pereira CR (2006) Redução de proteína e fósforo em rações com fitase para frangos de corte no período de 1 a 21 dias de idade . Desempenho e teores de minerais na cama. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 35: 840–848. doi:10.1590/S1516-35982006000300029
41. Tinôco IFF (2001) Avicultura industrial: novos conceitos de materiais, concepções e técnicas construtivas disponíveis para galpões avícolas brasileiros. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola 3: 1–24. doi:10.1590/S1516-635X2001000100001
42. Wathes CM, Holden MR, Sneath RW, White RP, Phillips VR (1997) Concentrations and emissions rates of aerial ammonia, nitrous-oxide, carbon-dioxide, dust and endotoxin in UK broiler and layer houses. British Poultry Science 38: 14–28. doi:10.1080/00071669708417936

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to cite

Sousa, F. C. de, Tinôco, I. de F. F., Silva, J. N. da, Baptista, F. de J. F. B., Souza, C. de F., & Silva, A. L. da. (2017). Gas emission in the poultry production. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology, 5(2), 49–55. https://doi.org/10.26667/2318-1265jabb.v5n2p49-55

[1] ABNT (1978) Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. NR-15: Atividades e Operações Insalubres. Portaria Ministério do Trabalho, Brasília, 85 p.

[2] Angus AJ, Hodge ID, Sutton MA (2006) Ammonia abatement strategies in livestock production: A case study of a poultry installation. Agricultural Systems 89: 204–222. doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.003

[3] Bittman S, Mikkelsen R (2009) Ammonia Emissions from Agricultural Operations: Livestock. Better Crops 93:28–31.

[4] Calvet S, Cambra-López M, Estellés F, Torres AG (2011) Characterization of gas emissions from a Mediterranean broiler farm. Poultry science 90: 534–542. doi:10.3382/ps.2010-01037

[5] Donham K (2000) A historical overview of research on the hazards of dust in livestock buildings. In Dust Control in Animal Production Facilities, Proc. Congress in Aarhus, Denmark, 2000. Horsens, Denmark: Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Bygholm, 1:13-21.

[6] Egute NS, Abrao A, Carvalho FMS (2010) Estudo do processo da geração de amônia a partir de resíduos avícolas visando a produção de hidrogênio. Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento 12:1–6.

[7] EPA (2004) National emission inventory—ammonia emissions from animal husbandry operations (Draft Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency, n. January 30: D1–D16.

[8] Fabbri C, Valli L, Guarino M, Costa A, Mazzotta V (2007) Ammonia, methane, nitrous oxide and particulate matter emissions from two different buildings for laying hens. Biosystems Engineering 97: 441–455. doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2007.03.036

[9] Faulkner WB, Shaw BW (2008) Review of ammonia emission factors for United States animal agriculture. Atmospheric Environment 42: 6567-6574. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.04.021

[10] França LGF, Tinoco IFF (2014) Caracterização de fatores que influenciam a emissão de amônia pelos dejetos de galinhas poedeiras e proposição de um score para o potencial máximo de emissão. In: XLIII Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Agrícola. Proceedings... Campo Grande: CONBEA 2014.

[11] Gates RS, Casey KD, Wheeler EF, Xin H, Pescatore AJ (2008) U.S. broiler housing ammonia emissions inventory. Atmospheric Environment 42: 3342–3350. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.057

[12] Gay SW, Knowlton KF (2009) Ammonia emissions and animal agriculture Virginia Cooperative Extension. Virginia Cooperative Extension. Virginia State, Petesburg, 110: 442-445.

[13] Groot Koerkamp PWG, Metz JHM, Uenk GH, Phillips VR, Holden MR, Sneath RW, Short JL, White RP, Hartung J, Seedorf J, Schroder M, Linkert KH, Pedersen S, Takai H, Johnsen JO, Wathes CM (1998) Concentrations and Emissions of Ammonia in Livestock Buildings in Northern Europe. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 70: 79–95. doi:10.1006/jaer.1998.0275

[14] IPCC (2006) Emissions from livestock and manure management. In: IPCC Intergovernmental Panel On Climate (Ed.). Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use. Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan: Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 4:10.1-10.87.

[15] Kim W, Patterson P (2003) Effect of minerals on activity of microbial uricase to reduce ammonia volatilization in poultry manure. Poultry Science 82: 223–231. doi:10.1093/ps/82.2.223

[16] Lott B, Donald J (2015) Amônia: Grandes perdas mesmo quando você não percebe. http://www.aviculturaindustrial.com.br/ Acessed in: march, 23 of 2015.

[17] Marangoni C, Cichoski AJ, Barin JS, Menezes CR (2015) Efeito da incorporação de folhas de oliveira (Olea europaea L.) no desenvolvimento e qualidade da carne de frangos. Brazilian Journal of Food Technology 18: 173–184. doi:10.1590/1981-6723.1515

[18] Medeiros CM, Baêta FC, Oliveira RFM, Tinôco IFF, Albino LFT, Cecon PR (2005) Índice térmico ambiental de produtividade para frangos de corte. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 9: 660–665. doi:10.1590/S1415-43662005000400033

[19] Medeiros R, Santos BJM, Freitas M, Silva AO, Alves FF, Ferreira E (2008) A adição de diferentes produtos químicos e o efeito da umidade na volatilização de amônia em cama de frango. Ciência Rural 38: 2321-2326. doi:10.1590/S0103-84782008000800035

[20] Melse RW, Ogink NW, Rulkens M (2009) Overview of European and Netherlands’ regulations on airborne emissions from intensive livestock production with a focus on the application of air scrubbers. Biosystems Engineering 104: 289–298. doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.07.009

[21] Mendes LB, Tinoco IFF, Ogink NWM, Rocha KSO, Saraz JAO, Santos MS (2014) Ammonia emissions from a naturally and a mechanically ventilated broiler house in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 18: 1179–1185. doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v18n11p1179-1185

[22] Mendes LB, Edouard N, Ogink NWM, Van Dooren HJC, Tinõco IFF, Mosquera J (2015) Spatial variability of mixing ratios of ammonia and tracer gases in a naturally ventilated dairy cow barn. Biosystems Engineering 129: 360–369. doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2014.11.011

[23] Miles DM, Branton SL, Lott BD (2004) Atmospheric ammonia is detrimental to the performance of modern commercial broilers. Poultry Science 83: 1650–1654. doi:10.1093/ps/83.10.1650

[24] Misselbrook TH, Van Der WTJ, Pain BF, (2000) Ammonia emission factors for UK agriculture. Atmospheric Environment 34: 871–880. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00350-7

[25] Mosquera J, Monteny GJ, Erisman JW (2005) Overview and assessment of techniques to measure ammonia emissions from animal houses: the case of the Netherlands. Environmental Pollution 135: 381–388 doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2004.11.011

[26] Nääs IA, Miragliotta MY, Baracho MS, Moura DJ (2007) Ambiência aérea em alojamento de frangos de corte: poeira e gases. Engenharia Agrícola 27: 326–335. doi:10.1590/S0100-69162007000300001

[27] NIOSH (1988) OSHA PEL Project Documentation: AmmoniaNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Atlanta 1988: 1-3.

[28] Oliveira MC, Almeida CV, Andrade DO, Rodrigues SMM (2003) Teor de matéria seca, pH e amônia volatilizada da cama de frango tratada ou não com diferentes aditivos. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 32: 951–954. doi:10.1590/S1516-35982003000400022

[29] Oliveira MC, Ferreira HA, Cancherini LC (2004) Efeito de condicionadores químicos sobre a qualidade da cama de frango. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 56: 536–541. doi:10.1590/S0102-09352004000400016

[30] Osório JA, Tinôco IFF, Ciro HJ (2009) Ammonia : A review of concentration and emission models in livestock structures. Dyna 76:89–99.

[31] Osorio-Saraz JA, Ferreira-Tinoco IF, Gates RS. Oliveira-Rocha KS, Combatt-Caballero EM, Campos-Sousa F (2014) Adaptation and validation of a methdology for determing ammonia flux generated by litter in naturally ventilated poultry houses. Dyna 81: 137–143. doi:10.15446/dyna.v81n187.40806

[32] Oviedo-Rondón EO (2008) Tecnologias para mitigar o impacto ambiental da produção de frangos de corte. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 37: 239–252. doi:10.1590/S1516-35982008001300028

[33] Owada NA, Nääs IA, Moura DJ, Baracho MS (2007) Estimativa de bem-estar de frango de corte em função da concentração de amônia e grau de luminosidade no galpão de produção. Engenharia Agrícola 27: 611-618. doi:10.1590/S0100-69162007000400003

[34] Perry GC (2003) Welfare of the Laying Hen. World’s Poultry Science Association 27:431.

[35] Pessôa GBS, Tavernari FC, Vieira RV, Albino LFT (2012) Novos conceitos em nutrição de aves. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 13:755–774.

[36] Ritz CW, Fairchild BD, Lacy MP (2005) Litter Quality and Broiler Performance. Cooperative Extension Service/The University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 1267:1-8.

[37] Rocha TM, Andrade MA, Santana ES, Fayad AR, Matias TD (2014) Aspectos clínicos, patológicos e epidemiológicos de doenças imunossupressoras em aves. Enciclopédia Biosfera 10:355–379.

[38] Saraz JAO, Tinôco IFF, Gates RS, Paula MO, Mendes LB (2013) Evaluation of different methods for determining ammonia emissions in poultry buildings and their applicability to open facilities. Dyna 80:51–60.

[39] Scholtens R, Dore CJ, Jones BMR, Lee DS, Phillips VR (2004) Measuring ammonia emission rates from livestock buildings and manure stores - Part 1: Development and validation of external tracer ratio, internal tracer ratio and passive flux sampling methods. Atmospheric Environment 38: 3003–3015. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.02.030

[40] Silva YL, Rodrigues PB, Freitas RTF, Bertechini AG, Fialho ET, Fassani EJ, Pereira CR (2006) Redução de proteína e fósforo em rações com fitase para frangos de corte no período de 1 a 21 dias de idade . Desempenho e teores de minerais na cama. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 35: 840–848. doi:10.1590/S1516-35982006000300029

[41] Tinôco IFF (2001) Avicultura industrial: novos conceitos de materiais, concepções e técnicas construtivas disponíveis para galpões avícolas brasileiros. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola 3: 1–24. doi:10.1590/S1516-635X2001000100001

[42] Wathes CM, Holden MR, Sneath RW, White RP, Phillips VR (1997) Concentrations and emissions rates of aerial ammonia, nitrous-oxide, carbon-dioxide, dust and endotoxin in UK broiler and layer houses. British Poultry Science 38: 14–28. doi:10.1080/00071669708417936

Abstract

References

How to cite