Effect of supplementation of synbiotic plus betaine and selenium on behavior and performance of broilers stocked at high stocking density pens

Istna Mangisah; Vitus Dwi Yunianto Budi Ismadi; Sri Sumarsih; Sugiharto Sugiharto

doi:10.31893/jabb.2024007

Keywords:

behavior

blood

growth

Lactobacillus casei

Abstract

This experiment aimed to examine the effect of synbiotic plus betaine and selenium supplementation on the behavior, blood profile and performance of broiler chickens reared at stocking density pens. For 21 days, a total of 330 broilers with body weight of 929.67 ± 21.15 g were randomly assigned to 35 experimental units (pens) with a normal stocking density (NSD) of 9 birds/m² as a positive control and high stocking density (HSD) of 15 birds/m². A total of 7 treatments were applied, consisting of 1 NSD treatment (CONTR-) and 6 HSD treatments, i.e., CONTR+ (positive control); SYN (1% synbiotic), BET (betaine 2 g/kg feed), SYNBET (synbiotic 1% + betaine 2 g/kg feed); SE (selenium 0.4 mg/kg feed); SYNSE (1% synbiotic + selenium 0.4 mg/kg). Parameters including behavior, blood profile and performance were measured at week 4 (d 28) and week 5 (d 35). The results showed that the supplementation of synbiotic, betaine, selenium, or their combination improved (P< 0.05) the behavior, blood profile (eritrocytes, hemoglobin) and performance of broiler chickens at high stocking densities. The conclusion of the study was synbiotic plus betaine (SYNBE) supplementation can improve behavior and produce the best performance in broilers reared at high stocking densities.
References
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7. Beski SSM, Al-Sardary SYT (2015) Effects of dietary supplementation of probiotic and synbiotic on broiler chickens hematology and intestinal integrity. Int J. Poult. Sci. 14:31–36.
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14. Ibrahim RR, Khalil F, Mostafa AS, Emeash HH (2018) Efficacy of probiotic in improving welfare and mitigating overcrowding stress in broilers. J. Adv. Vet. Res. 8:73–78.
15. Kettunen H, Tiihonen K, Peuranen S, Saarinen MT, Remus JC (2001) Dietary betaine accumulates in the liver and intestinal tissue and stabilizes the intestinal epithelial structure in healthy and coccidia-infected broiler chicks. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology. 130(4):759-769.
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20. Li, W, Wei F, Xu B, Sun Q, Deng W, Ma H (2019) Effect of stocking density and alpha-lipoic acid on the growth performance, physiological and oxidative stress and immune response of broilers. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 32:1914–1922.
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22. Mangisah I, Yunianto VD, Sumarsih S, Sugiharto S (2021) Supplementation of garlic powder and Lactobacillus casei to improve nutrient digestibility, physiological conditions, and performance of broiler during starter phase. J. Indones. Trop. Anim. Agric. 46:336-346.
23. Mohammed A, Mahmoud M, Murugesan R , Cheng H (2021) Effect of a synbiotic supplement on fear response and memory assessment of broiler chickens subjected to heat stress. Animals 11, 427.
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26. Rao SR, Prakash B, Raju MVLN, Panda AK, Kumari RK, Reddy EPK (2016) Effect of supplementing organic forms of zinc, selenium and chromium on performance, antioxidant and immune responses in broiler chicken reared in tropical summer. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 172:511-520.
27. Ratriyanto A, Prastowo S (2019) Floor space and betaine supplementation alter the nutrient digestibility and performance of Japanese quail in a tropical environment. . J. Therm. Biol. 83:80-86.
28. Safdari-Rostamabad, M., Hosseini-Vashan SJ, Perai AH, Sarir H (2017) Nanoselenium Supplementation of Heat-Stressed Broilers: Effects on Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Blood Metabolites, Immune Response, Antioxidant Status, and Jejunal Morphology. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 178:105–116.
29. Simitzis, PE, Kalogeraki E, Goliomytis M, Charismiadou MA, Triantaphyllopoulos K, Ayoutanti A (2012) Impact of stocking density on broiler growth performance, meat characteristics, behavioural components and indicators of physiological and oxidative stress. Br. Poult. Sci. 53:5930.
30. Sohail M U, Ijaz A, Younus M, Shabbir MZ, Kamran Z, Ahmad S, Anwar H, Yousaf MS, Ashraf K, Shahzad AH, Rehman H (2013) Effect of supplementation of mannan oligosaccharide and probiotic on growth performance, relative weights of viscera, and population of selected intestinal bacteria in cyclic heat-stressed broilers. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 22:485–491.
31. Sugiharto, S (2022) Dietary strategies to alleviate high-stocking-density-induced stress in broiler chickens – a comprehensive review. Arch. Anim. Breed., 65:21-36.
32. Sun H, Zhao L, Xu Z, DeMarco M, Briens M, Yan X, Sun L (2021) Hydroxy-selenomethionine improves the selenium status and helps to maintain broiler performances under a high stocking density and heat stress conditions through a better redox and immune response. Antioxidants 10:1542.
33. Tamzil MH (2014) Stres panas pada unggas: metabolisme, akibat dan upaya penanggulangannya. Wartazoa. 24:57-66.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to cite

Mangisah, I., Ismadi, V. D. Y. B., Sumarsih, S., & Sugiharto, S. (2024). Effect of supplementation of synbiotic plus betaine and selenium on behavior and performance of broilers stocked at high stocking density pens. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology, 12(1), 2024007. https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.2024007

[1] Abudabos A M, Samara EM, Hussein EOS, Al-Ghadi MQ, Al-Atiyat RM (2013) Impacts of stocking density on the performance and welfare of broiler chickens. Ital.J. Anim. Sci. 12:e11:66-71.

[2] Ahmadi M, Ahmadian A, Seidavi AR (2018) Effect of different levels of nano-selenium on performance, blood parameters, immunity and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. J. 6:99-108.

[3] Alirezaei M, Gheisari HR, Ranjbar VR, Hajibemani A (2012) Betaine: a promising antioxidant agent for enhancement of broiler meat quality. Br. Poult. Sci. 53:699-707.

[4] Altaf, MT, Mahmud. A, Mehmood M, Saima S (2019) Effects of supplemented growth promoters on performance and intestinal morphology in broilers reared under different stocking densities. Braz. J. Poult. Sci. 21:1–6.

[5] Asaniyan, EK, Akinduro VO (2021) Impact of stocking density on the rearing environment and growth performance of broiler chicken. Niger.J. Anim. Prod. 47:65–81.

[6] Ashraf S, Zaneb H, Yousaf MS, Ijaz A, Sohail MU, Muti S, Usman MM, Ijaz S, Rehman H (2013) Effect of dietary supplementation of prebiotics and probiotics on intestinal microarchitecture in broilers reared under cyclic heat stress. Journal of J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 97:68–73.

[7] Beski SSM, Al-Sardary SYT (2015) Effects of dietary supplementation of probiotic and synbiotic on broiler chickens hematology and intestinal integrity. Int J. Poult. Sci. 14:31–36.

[8] Cengiz Ö, K¨oksal BH, Tatlı O, Sevim O, Ahsan U, Uner AG, Ulutas PA, Beyaz D, Büyükyörük S, Yakan A, Onol AG (2015) Effect of dietary probiotic and high stocking density on the performance, carcass yield, gut microflora, and stress indicators of broilers. J. Poult. Sci. 94:2395–2403.

[9] Chen G S, Wu J F, Li C, Chen G, Wu J, Li C (2014) Effect of different selenium sources on production performance and biochemical parameters of broilers J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 98:747–754.

[10] Eklund M, Bauer E, Wamatu J, Mosenthin R (2005) Potential nutritional and physiological functions of betaine in livestock. Nutr. Res. Rev. 18:31–48.

[11] Eugen KV, Nordquist RE, Zeinstra E, Staay FJY (2019) Stocking density affects stress and anxious behavior in the laying hen chick during rearing. Animals 9:53.

[12] Hall AL (2001) The effect of stocking density on the welfare and behaviour of broiler chickens reared commercially. Anim. Welfare 10:23-40.

[13] Houshmand, M., K. Azhar, Zulkifli, M. H. Bejo, and A. Kamyab. 2012. Effects of prebiotic, protein level, and stocking density on performance, immunity, and stress indicators of broilers. Poult. Sci.91:393–401.

[14] Ibrahim RR, Khalil F, Mostafa AS, Emeash HH (2018) Efficacy of probiotic in improving welfare and mitigating overcrowding stress in broilers. J. Adv. Vet. Res. 8:73–78.

[15] Kettunen H, Tiihonen K, Peuranen S, Saarinen MT, Remus JC (2001) Dietary betaine accumulates in the liver and intestinal tissue and stabilizes the intestinal epithelial structure in healthy and coccidia-infected broiler chicks. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology. 130(4):759-769.

[16] Klasing KC, Adler KL, Remus JC, Calvert CC (2002). Dietary betaína increases intraepithelial lymphocytes in the duodenum of coccidian-infected chicks and increases functional properties of phagocytes. J. Nutr. 132:2274-2282.

[17] Kridtayopas C, Rakangtong C, Bunchasak C, Loongyai W (2019) Effect of prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation in ransum on growth performance, small intestinal morphology, stress, and bacterial population under high stocking density condition of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 98:4595–4605.

[18] Liao, XD, Lu L, Li SF (2012) Effects of selenium source and level on growth performance, tissue selenium concentrations, antioxidation, and immune functions of heat-stressed broilers. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 150:158–165.

[19] Li SY, Zhang MH, Zhang ZY, Yan S, Du R, Wang K (2000) Effect of heat stress on performance of broilers and some blood biological and endocrinological variate. Acta Agric. Boreali-Sinica 5:140-144.

[20] Li, W, Wei F, Xu B, Sun Q, Deng W, Ma H (2019) Effect of stocking density and alpha-lipoic acid on the growth performance, physiological and oxidative stress and immune response of broilers. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 32:1914–1922.

[21] Liu, W, Yuan Y, Sun C, Balasubramanian B, Zhao Z, An L (2019) Effects of dietary betaine on growth performance, digestive function, carcass traits, and meat quality in indigenous yellow-feathered broilers under long-term heat stress. Animals (Basel). 9:506.

[22] Mangisah I, Yunianto VD, Sumarsih S, Sugiharto S (2021) Supplementation of garlic powder and Lactobacillus casei to improve nutrient digestibility, physiological conditions, and performance of broiler during starter phase. J. Indones. Trop. Anim. Agric. 46:336-346.

[23] Mohammed A, Mahmoud M, Murugesan R , Cheng H (2021) Effect of a synbiotic supplement on fear response and memory assessment of broiler chickens subjected to heat stress. Animals 11, 427.

[24] Patra AK, Kar I (2021) Heat stress on microbiota composition, barrier integrity, and nutrient transport in gut, production performance, and its amelioration in farm animals. J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 63:211–247.

[25] Prayitno, DS, Sugiharto S (2015) Kesejahteraan dan Metode Penelitian Tingkah Laku Unggas. Universitas Diponegoro Press, Semarang.

[26] Rao SR, Prakash B, Raju MVLN, Panda AK, Kumari RK, Reddy EPK (2016) Effect of supplementing organic forms of zinc, selenium and chromium on performance, antioxidant and immune responses in broiler chicken reared in tropical summer. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 172:511-520.

[27] Ratriyanto A, Prastowo S (2019) Floor space and betaine supplementation alter the nutrient digestibility and performance of Japanese quail in a tropical environment. . J. Therm. Biol. 83:80-86.

[28] Safdari-Rostamabad, M., Hosseini-Vashan SJ, Perai AH, Sarir H (2017) Nanoselenium Supplementation of Heat-Stressed Broilers: Effects on Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Blood Metabolites, Immune Response, Antioxidant Status, and Jejunal Morphology. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 178:105–116.

[29] Simitzis, PE, Kalogeraki E, Goliomytis M, Charismiadou MA, Triantaphyllopoulos K, Ayoutanti A (2012) Impact of stocking density on broiler growth performance, meat characteristics, behavioural components and indicators of physiological and oxidative stress. Br. Poult. Sci. 53:5930.

[30] Sohail M U, Ijaz A, Younus M, Shabbir MZ, Kamran Z, Ahmad S, Anwar H, Yousaf MS, Ashraf K, Shahzad AH, Rehman H (2013) Effect of supplementation of mannan oligosaccharide and probiotic on growth performance, relative weights of viscera, and population of selected intestinal bacteria in cyclic heat-stressed broilers. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 22:485–491.

[31] Sugiharto, S (2022) Dietary strategies to alleviate high-stocking-density-induced stress in broiler chickens – a comprehensive review. Arch. Anim. Breed., 65:21-36.

[32] Sun H, Zhao L, Xu Z, DeMarco M, Briens M, Yan X, Sun L (2021) Hydroxy-selenomethionine improves the selenium status and helps to maintain broiler performances under a high stocking density and heat stress conditions through a better redox and immune response. Antioxidants 10:1542.

[33] Tamzil MH (2014) Stres panas pada unggas: metabolisme, akibat dan upaya penanggulangannya. Wartazoa. 24:57-66.

Abstract

References

How to cite