Genetic characterization and clinicopathological features of <em>Escherichia coli</em> in neonatal septicemic calves

Hanan Yousef Jassim; Wessam Monther Mohammed Saleh; Hassan Nima Habib; Zainb Ali Ratton; Maryam Diaa Al-Mousawi

doi:10.31893/jabb.2024016

Keywords:

Colibacillosis

Neonatal calves

STEC

Phenotypic characterization

Molecular detection

Abstract

Due to severe diarrhea associated with calf scour and septicemia, colibacillosis is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality in calves. This study investigated the clinical and hematological manifestations as well as the genetic composition of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains in septicemic neonatal calves. In this study, 47 fecal specimens were collected from diarrheic calves aged between one and three weeks on dairy farms that are unorganized around Basra, Iraq, while twenty age-matched calves were tested as controls. Of the 47 tested samples, 28 fecal samples were tentatively identified as STEC, with a prevalence of 60%. STEC-affected calves had variable rectal temperatures ranging from subnormal to fever, tachycardia, hyperpnea, diarrhea, partial or complete cessation of suckling, mucous membrane congestion, depression, incoordination and rough hair coat conditions. Significant changes were observed in the hemogram and the leukogram during the analysis of blood samples from calves with diarrhea. Molecular analysis of fecal samples demonstrated that local STEC isolates are more closely related to other strains obtained from both human and animal samples worldwide. Based on the results of the current study, we can conclude that the septicemic calves were likely infected by human or environmental resources and could play a major role in further spreading STEC infection.
References
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to cite

Jassim, H. Y., Saleh, W. M. M., Habib, H. N., Ratton, Z. A., & Al-Mousawi, M. D. (2024). Genetic characterization and clinicopathological features of <em>Escherichia coli</em> in neonatal septicemic calves. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology, 12(2), 2024016. https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.2024016

[1] Al-Alo, K., Brujeni, G. N., Lotfollahzadeh, S., Moosakhani, F., Gharabaghi, A. 2018. Correlation between neonatal calf diarrhea and the level of maternally derived antibodies. Iranian journal of veterinary research, 19(1), 3.

[2] Alabada, H. K. M., & Saleh, W. M. M. 2020. Vitamin D effectiveness and pathology in humans and domestic animals. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 3: e2020010.

[3] Bazeley, K. 2003. Investigation of diarrhoea in the neonatal calf. In Practice, 25(3), 152.

[4] Biolatti, C., Bellino, C., Borrelli, A., Capucchio, M. T., Gianella, P., Maurella, C., Miniscalo, B., Nebbia, P., Zoppi, S., Cagnasso, A. 2012. Sepsis and bacterial suppurative meningitis-meningoencephalitis in critically ill neonatal Piedmontese calves: clinical approach and laboratory findings. Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde, 154(6), 239.

[5] Cáceres, M. E., Etcheverría, A. I., Fernández, D., Rodríguez, E. M., Padola, N. L. 2017. Variation in the distribution of putative virulence and colonization factors in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from different categories of cattle. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 7, 147.

[6] Cho, Y.-i., & Yoon, K.-J. 2014. An overview of calf diarrhea-infectious etiology, diagnosis, and intervention. Journal of veterinary science, 15(1), 1-17.

[7] Constable, P. D., Hinchcliff, K. W., Done, S. H., Grünberg, W. (2016). Veterinary medicine-e-book: a textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats.Elsevier Health Sciences.

[8] Etcheverria, A. I., & Padola, N. L. 2013. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli: factors involved in virulence and cattle colonization. Virulence, 4(5), 366-372.

[9] Fakih, I., Thiry, D., Duprez, J.-N., Saulmont, M., Iguchi, A., Piérard, D., Jouant, L., Daube, G., Ogura, Y., Hayashi, T. 2017. Identification of Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) and enteropathogenic (EPEC) Escherichia coli in diarrhoeic calves and comparative genomics of O5 bovine and human STEC. Veterinary microbiology, 202, 16-22.

[10] Fecteau, G., Van Metre, D. C., Pare, J., Smith, B. P., Higgins, R., Holmberg, C. A., Jang, S., Guterbock, W. 1997. Bacteriological culture of blood from critically ill neonatal calves. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 38(2), 95.

[11] Foster, D., & Smith, G. W. 2009. Pathophysiology of diarrhea in calves. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 25(1), 13-36.

[12] Gavin, P., Warren, J., Obias, A., Collins, S., Peterson, L. 2002. Evaluation of the Vitek 2 system for rapid identification of clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli and members of the family Streptococcaceae. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 21(12), 869-874.

[13] Hoey, D. E., Currie, C., Else, R. W., Nutikka, A., Lingwood, C. A., Gally, D. L., Smith, D. G. 2002. Expression of receptors for verotoxin 1 from Escherichia coli O157 on bovine intestinal epithelium. Journal of medical microbiology, 51(2), 143-149.

[14] Irmak, K., Sen, I., Cöl, R., Birdane, F., Güzelbektes, H., Civelek, T., Yιlmaz, A., Turgut, K. 2006. The evaluation of coagulation profiles in calves with suspected septic shock. Veterinary research communications, 30(5), 497-503.

[15] Izzo, M., Kirkland, P., Mohler, V., Perkins, N., Gunn, A., House, J. 2011. Prevalence of major enteric pathogens in Australian dairy calves with diarrhoea. Australian veterinary journal, 89(5), 167-173.

[16] Jackson, M. L. (2013). Veterinary clinical pathology: an introduction.John Wiley & Sons.

[17] Jackson, P., & Cockcroft, P. (2008). Clinical examination of farm animals.John Wiley & Sons.

[18] Larzábal, M., Cataldi, A. A., Vilte, D. A. (2019). Human and Veterinary Vaccines against Pathogenic Escherichia coli. In The Universe of Escherichia coli. IntechOpen.

[19] Lofstedt, J., Dohoo, I. R., Duizer, G. 1999. Model to predict septicemia in diarrheic calves. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 13(2), 81-88.

[20] Markey, B., Leonard, F., Archambault, M., Cullinane, A., Maguire, D. (2013). Clinical veterinary microbiology.Elsevier Health Sciences.

[21] Menge, C., Wieler, L. H., Schlapp, T., Baljer, G. 1999. Shiga Toxin 1 from Escherichia coliBlocks Activation and Proliferation of Bovine Lymphocyte Subpopulations In Vitro. Infection and immunity, 67(5), 2209-2217.

[22] Mishra, S. K., & Agrawal, D. (2012). A concise manual of pathogenic microbiology.John Wiley & Sons.

[23] Naji, H., Mohammed Saleh, W. M., Hanoon, M., Imad, I., Salim, Y. 2019. Serotyping, virulence gene expression and phenotypic characterization of E. coli O157: H7 in colibacillosis affecting buffalo calves in Basra governorate. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 33(2), 445-451.

[24] Pruimboom-Brees, I. M., Morgan, T. W., Ackermann, M. R., Nystrom, E. D., Samuel, J. E., Cornick, N. A., Moon, H. W. 2000. Cattle lack vascular receptors for Escherichia coli O157: H7 Shiga toxins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97(19), 10325-10329.

[25] Quinn, P. J., Markey, B. K., Leonard, F. C., Hartigan, P., Fanning, S., Fitzpatrick, E. i. (2011). Veterinary microbiology and microbial disease.John Wiley & Sons.

[26] Radostits, O. M., Gay, C. C., Hinchcliff, K. W., Constable, P. D. (2006). Veterinary Medicine E-Book: A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats.Elsevier Health Sciences.

[27] Robins-Browne, R. M., Holt, K. E., Ingle, D. J., Hocking, D. M., Yang, J., Tauschek, M. 2016. Are Escherichia coli pathotypes still relevant in the era of whole-genome sequencing? Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 6, 141.

[28] Saleh, W. 2019. Clinical and hematological profiles due to cases of minerals deficiency in local ewes at Basra, Iraq. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci, 7(4), 315-320.

[29] Saleh, W. M. M., Naji, H. A., Lafta, M. H., Al-Husseiny, S. H., Ali, F. 2019. Clinical and Bacteriological Diagnosis of Foot-rot in Beef bulls in Basra. Biomedical Journal, 1, 5.

[30] Sharma, V. K., Sharma, M., Katoch, R., Katoch, V., Dhar, P. 2006. Recovery of some important serotypes of E. Coli from diarrhoeic and apparently healthy calves in palam valley of himachal pradesh. International Journal of Cow Science, 2(1), 34-36.

[31] Shekhar, S., Ranjan, R., Singh, C., Kumar, P. 2017. Prevalence, Clinicohaemato-Biochemical alterations in colibacillosis in neonatal calves. International J Current Microbiol Applied Sc, 9, 3192-3198.

[32] Thiry, D., Saulmont, M., Takaki, S., De Rauw, K., Duprez, J.-N., Iguchi, A., Piérard, D., Mainil, J. G. 2017. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O80: H2 in young calves with diarrhea, Belgium. Emerging infectious diseases, 23(12), 2093.

[33] Zhao, H.-X., Zhao, J.-L., Shen, J.-Z., Fan, H.-L., Guan, H., An, X.-P., Li, P.-F. 2014. Prevalence and molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from dairy cattle with endometritis in China. Microbial Drug Resistance, 20(2), 162-16

Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology

Research Article | Vol. 12 Issue 2 (2024), e2024016 | Published in 09 May 2024

Genetic characterization and clinicopathological features of Escherichia coli in neonatal septicemic calves

Abstract

References

How to cite