Feeding behavior, intake pattern, and nutrient sufficiency of sheep fed sorghum straw silage and concentrate

Ahmad Mualif Abdurrahman; Andriyani Astuti; Rusman Rusman; Panjono

doi:10.31893/jabb.2024003

Keywords:

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the behavior, intake pattern, and nutritional sufficiency level of sheep fed sorghum straw silage and concentrate. Twelve male local sheep weighing 13.13 ± 2.39 kg were kept in individual pens with a size of 80 × 125 cm². The concentrate comprised soybean meal, rice bran, ground corn, mineral premix, and urea. Forage and concentrate were given at the same time in different feed bunks and were available all the time. The data observed were related to behavior, feed intake, and growth. The behavioral activities observed were duration of eating, mineral block licking, drinking, rumination, laying, and other activities. The feed intakes observed were hourly intake and daily intake. Behavioral data and dry matter intake patterns were analyzed descriptively, while nutritional sufficiency was analyzed using a one-sample t test compared to the nutrient requirements of local sheep for an increase in body weight of 100 grams per day. The activities carried out within 24 hours were eating (24.00%), ruminating (19.05%), mineral block licking (3.45%), drinking (0.28%), laying (31.02%), and other activities (31.02%). The feed intake ratios of sorghum straw silage and concentrate were 10.89% and 89.11%, respectively, with an average daily gain of 140.00 g per head per day. The total dry matter intake was 737.34 g, consisting of a total intake of crude protein and total digestible nutrients of 16.48% and 71.44%, respectively, exceeding the needs of local sheep for a daily gain of 100 g per day. Sheep can use sorghum straw silage as a forage source and regulate their consumption to meet their nutritional needs.
References
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2. Al-kassab MMT, 2022. The Use of One Sample t-Test in the Real Data. Advances in Mathematics 21: 134–138.
3. Athifa IR, Sari APZNL, Maharani D, Budisatria IGS, Bintara S, Noor YG, Hidayat R, Panjono, 2022. The pre-weaning growth of lambs from crossbreeding between Garut ewes and Dorper rams. Biodiversitas 23(11): 5738–5743.
4. Atmoko BA, Maharani D, Bintara S, Budisatria IGS, 2020. The behavior of Etawah Grade goats in early and late pregnancy period in a tropical area. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology, 8: 134-141.
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6. Cai Y, Du Z, Man N, Yamasaki S, Jethro DB, 2020. Chemical composition, characteristics concerned with fermentative quality and microbial population of ensiled pearl millet and sorghum stover in semi-arid West Africa. Animal Science Journal 91(1): 1-9
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8. Das N, Maitra DN, Bisht GS, 1999. Genetic and non-genetic factors influencing ingestive behavior of sheep under stall-feeding conditions. Small Ruminant Research 32: 129-136
9. Driehuis F, Wilkinson JM, Jiang Y, Ogunade I, Adesogan AT, 2018. Silage Review: Animal and Human Health Risks from Silage. Journal of Dairy Science 101(5): 4093–4110.
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11. Flores-Mar J, Zinn RA, Salinas-Chavira J, (2017). Influence of forage NDF level and source in growing–finishing diets on growth Penampilannce of feedlot lambs. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science 67(3–4): 134–138.
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13. Goetsch AL,Gipson TA, Askar AR, Puchala R, 2010. Invited Review: Feeding Behavior of Goats. Journal of Animal Science 88(1): 361-73.
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15. Ibrahim A, Budisatria IGS, Widayanti R, Atmoko BA, Yuniawan R, Artama WT, 2020. On-farm body measurements and evaluation of Batur sheep of different ages and sexes in Banjarnegara Regency Indonesia. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 8(10): 1028–1033.
16. Jayanegara A, Ridla M, Astuti DA, Wiryawan KG, Laconi EB, Nahrowi, 2017. Determination of energy and protein requirements of sheep in Indonesia using a meta-analytical approach. Media Peternakan 40(2): 118–127.
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19. Raineri C, Stivari TSS, Gameiro AH, 2015. Lamb Production Costs : Analyses of Composition and Elasticities Analysis of Lamb Production Costs. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 28(8): 1209–1215.
20. Santos ACPdos, Santos EM, Carvalho GGPde, Pinto LFB, Pina DS, Perazzo AF, Fernandes A, Vinicius T, Nascimento C, Silva J, Oliveira D, Barreto G, 2021. Productive and metabolic parameters, carcass and meat characteristics of lambs fed sorghum silage treated with urea and Lactobacillus buchneri. Livestock Science 251: 104603.
21. Skaik Y, 2015. The bread and butter of statistical analysis “t-test”: Uses and misuses. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 31(6): 1558–1559.
22. Subhan A, Kamil KA, Heriyadi D., 2019. Sheep Tribe Effect on Eating and Ruminating Time. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak 19(1): 62. (In Indonesian)
23. Sumarno, Damardjati DS, Syam M, Hermanto, 2013. Sorghum: Technological Innovation and Development. IAARD Press, Jakarta Indonesia (In Indonesian)
24. Sunando H, Rahayu S, Baihaqi M, 2016. Behaviour of Garut Lamb Under Intensive Management System with Mung Bean Sprout Waste at Different Feeding Times. Jurnal Ilmu Produksi Dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan 4(1): 218–26. (In Indonesian)
25. Udo HMJ, Budisatria IGS, 2011. Fat-tailed sheep in Indonesia; an essential resource for smallholders. Tropical Animal Health and Production 43(7): 1411–1418.
26. Wahyono T, Sugoro I, Jayanegara A,. Wiryawan KG, Astuti DA, 2019. Nutrien Profile and In vitro Degradability of New Promising Mutant Lines Sorghum as Forage in Indonesia. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 7(9): 810–818.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to cite

Abdurrahman, A. M., Astuti, A., Rusman, R., & Panjono. (2024). Feeding behavior, intake pattern, and nutrient sufficiency of sheep fed sorghum straw silage and concentrate. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology, 12(1), 2024003. https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.2024003

[1] Adamu AM, Adu IF, Olorunju SAS, Alawa CBI, Lamidi OS, 1996. Effects of urea-ammoniation and cotton seed cake supplementation on the utilization of sorghum stover by sheep. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 23(2): 147–52.

[2] Al-kassab MMT, 2022. The Use of One Sample t-Test in the Real Data. Advances in Mathematics 21: 134–138.

[3] Athifa IR, Sari APZNL, Maharani D, Budisatria IGS, Bintara S, Noor YG, Hidayat R, Panjono, 2022. The pre-weaning growth of lambs from crossbreeding between Garut ewes and Dorper rams. Biodiversitas 23(11): 5738–5743.

[4] Atmoko BA, Maharani D, Bintara S, Budisatria IGS, 2020. The behavior of Etawah Grade goats in early and late pregnancy period in a tropical area. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology, 8: 134-141.

[5] Babu J, Kumari NN, Reddy Y R, Raghunandan T, Sridhar K, 2015. Effect of Feeding Sweet Sorghum Stover-Based Complete Rations on the Growth Penampilannce and Carcass Characteristics of Ram Lambs. Tropical Animal Health and Production 47(3):623–26.

[6] Cai Y, Du Z, Man N, Yamasaki S, Jethro DB, 2020. Chemical composition, characteristics concerned with fermentative quality and microbial population of ensiled pearl millet and sorghum stover in semi-arid West Africa. Animal Science Journal 91(1): 1-9

[7] Damayanti FW, Lestari CMS, Purbowari E, Adiwinarti R, 2020. Tingkah Laku Makan Domba Lokal Jantan dengan Pakan Limbah Pertanian Sebagai Pengganti Rumput. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Agribisnis Peternakan (STAP) 7, 391-397. Retrieved from http://jnp.fapet.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/psv/article/view/591 (in Indonesian)

[8] Das N, Maitra DN, Bisht GS, 1999. Genetic and non-genetic factors influencing ingestive behavior of sheep under stall-feeding conditions. Small Ruminant Research 32: 129-136

[9] Driehuis F, Wilkinson JM, Jiang Y, Ogunade I, Adesogan AT, 2018. Silage Review: Animal and Human Health Risks from Silage. Journal of Dairy Science 101(5): 4093–4110.

[10] Dwyer C. (2008). Environment and the Sheep Breed Adaptations and Welfare Implications. In C. Dwyer (Ed.), The Welfare of Sheep (6th ed., p. 41). Springer. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4020-8553-6

[11] Flores-Mar J, Zinn RA, Salinas-Chavira J, (2017). Influence of forage NDF level and source in growing–finishing diets on growth Penampilannce of feedlot lambs. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science 67(3–4): 134–138.

[12] Gill W., 2022. Applied Sheep Behavior. https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/4553051/applied-sheepbehavior-department-of-animal-science. Accessed on March 23, 2023

[13] Goetsch AL,Gipson TA, Askar AR, Puchala R, 2010. Invited Review: Feeding Behavior of Goats. Journal of Animal Science 88(1): 361-73.

[14] Gougoulis DA, Kyriazakis I, Fthenakis GC, 2010. Diagnostic Significance of Behaviour Changes of Sheep: A Selected Review. Small Ruminant Research 92(1–3): 52–56.

[15] Ibrahim A, Budisatria IGS, Widayanti R, Atmoko BA, Yuniawan R, Artama WT, 2020. On-farm body measurements and evaluation of Batur sheep of different ages and sexes in Banjarnegara Regency Indonesia. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 8(10): 1028–1033.

[16] Jayanegara A, Ridla M, Astuti DA, Wiryawan KG, Laconi EB, Nahrowi, 2017. Determination of energy and protein requirements of sheep in Indonesia using a meta-analytical approach. Media Peternakan 40(2): 118–127.

[17] Nawroth C, Langbein J, Coulon M, Gabor V, Oesterwind S, Benz-Schwarzburg J, von Borell E, 2019. Farm animal cognition-linking behavior, welfare, and ethics. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 6: 1–16.

[18] NRC (1985). Nutrient Requirements of Sheep (sixth). National Academy Press. http://www.nap.edu/catalog/614.html

[19] Raineri C, Stivari TSS, Gameiro AH, 2015. Lamb Production Costs : Analyses of Composition and Elasticities Analysis of Lamb Production Costs. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 28(8): 1209–1215.

[20] Santos ACPdos, Santos EM, Carvalho GGPde, Pinto LFB, Pina DS, Perazzo AF, Fernandes A, Vinicius T, Nascimento C, Silva J, Oliveira D, Barreto G, 2021. Productive and metabolic parameters, carcass and meat characteristics of lambs fed sorghum silage treated with urea and Lactobacillus buchneri. Livestock Science 251: 104603.

[21] Skaik Y, 2015. The bread and butter of statistical analysis “t-test”: Uses and misuses. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 31(6): 1558–1559.

[22] Subhan A, Kamil KA, Heriyadi D., 2019. Sheep Tribe Effect on Eating and Ruminating Time. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak 19(1): 62. (In Indonesian)

[23] Sumarno, Damardjati DS, Syam M, Hermanto, 2013. Sorghum: Technological Innovation and Development. IAARD Press, Jakarta Indonesia (In Indonesian)

[24] Sunando H, Rahayu S, Baihaqi M, 2016. Behaviour of Garut Lamb Under Intensive Management System with Mung Bean Sprout Waste at Different Feeding Times. Jurnal Ilmu Produksi Dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan 4(1): 218–26. (In Indonesian)

[25] Udo HMJ, Budisatria IGS, 2011. Fat-tailed sheep in Indonesia; an essential resource for smallholders. Tropical Animal Health and Production 43(7): 1411–1418.

[26] Wahyono T, Sugoro I, Jayanegara A,. Wiryawan KG, Astuti DA, 2019. Nutrien Profile and In vitro Degradability of New Promising Mutant Lines Sorghum as Forage in Indonesia. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 7(9): 810–818.

Abstract

References

How to cite