Performance, body measurement, physiological adaptability and metabolic status of Garut sheep raised in a pen-intensive system in Indonesia

Novi Mayasari; Yasin Perdana Maulana; Judin Fauzan Mustafiddin; Diky Ramdani; Unang Yunasaf; Heni Indrijani

doi:10.31893/jabb.23032

Keywords:

intensive production

animal welfare

physiological response

heat tolerance coefficient

adaptability

Abstract

Small ruminant production systems that utilize pen-intensive systems have become more popular in Indonesia during the past few decades. It is well recognized that allowing sheep freedom to move freely outside can significantly improve their health and welfare. This study used a T test experimental design with ten replicates to compare the performance, body measurements, physiological adaptability, and metabolic status of Garut sheep raised in pen-intensive management with two different treatments (outdoor pen access vs. full indoor pen). A twenty-one-year-old sheep with an average body weight of 19.57±2.50 kg was employed in this experiment. The findings showed that neither treatment's dry matter intake (grams per head per day) nor average daily gain (grams per head per day) differed (P>0.05), but the ewes exposed to outdoor pen access had significantly longer bodies (P≤0.05) than those in the full indoor pen. The physiological health of the ewes having access to the outdoor enclosure was similarly improved (P≤0.05), especially in the morning and afternoon. Apart from plasma glucose levels, the metabolic status of the ewes in both treatment groups was similar, with the exception that the ewes with access to an outdoor enclosure had lower blood glucose (P≤0.05). Furthermore, the adaptability coefficient value was lower (P≤0.05) in compared with those without access to outdoor pen, with no different (P>0.05) in Heat Tolerance Coefficient value. In conclusion, a pen-intensive system with an outside enclosure not only increases the performance of garut ewes but also improves their physiological adaptability. This approach can be highly promoted to improve sheep farming management in Indonesia.
References
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to cite

Mayasari, N., Maulana, Y. P., Mustafiddin, J. F., Ramdani, D., Yunasaf, U., & Indrijani, H. (2023). Performance, body measurement, physiological adaptability and metabolic status of Garut sheep raised in a pen-intensive system in Indonesia. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology, 11(4), 2023032. https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.23032

[1] Atsani FHP (2019) Pengaruh Pemberian Serbuk The Hijau (Camellia sinensis) dalam Ransum terhadap Kadar Kolesterol dan Trigliserida Darah Domba Priangan. Fakultas Peternakan. Universitas Padjadjaran. Sumedang.

[2] Barbato O, De Felice E, Todini L, Menchetti L, Malfatti A, Scocco P (2021) Effects of feed supplementation on nesfatin-1, insulin, glucagon, leptin, T3, cortisol, and BCS in milking ewes grazing on semi-natural pastures. Animals 11:682. DOI: 10.3390/ani11030682.

[3] Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan (2021) Statistik Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan 2021. Jakarta (Indones): Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan.

[4] Gracindo CV, Louvandini H, Riet-Correa F, Barbosa-Ferreira M, de Castro MB (2014) Performance of sheep grazing in pastures of Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria brizantha, Panicum maximum, and Andropogon gayanus with different protodioscin concentrations. Trop Anim Health Prod 46:733–737. DOI:10.1007/s11250-014-0556-y

[5] Jimoh OA, Adenekan OO, Jack AA, Uwaeziozi UC, Ihejirika UDG (2018) Physiological variations and oxidative status in West African Dwarf male sheep and goat in semi intensive management system. Animal Research International 15:2898-2905.

[6] Karthik D, Suresh J, Reddy RY, Sharma GRK, Ramana J V, Gangaraju G, Ranga PR, Kumar PR, Yasaswini D, Adegbeye MJ, Kanth RR, Reddy PRK (2021) Adaptive profiles of Nellore sheep with reference to farming system and season: physiological, hemato-biochemical, hormonal, oxidative-enzymatic and reproductive standpoint. Heliyon 7:07117.

[7] Kasapidou E, Basdagianni Z, Papadopoulos V, Karaiskou C, Kesidis A, Tsiotsias A (2021) Effects of intensive and semi-intensive production on sheep milk chemical composition, physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid profile, and nutritional indices. Animals 11:2578.

[8] Khotijah L, Wiryawan KG, Setiadi MA, Astuti DA (2015) Reproductive performance, cholesterol and progesterone status of garut ewes fed ration containing different levels of sun flower oil. Pak. J. Nutr 14:388-391.

[9] Mandal, D.K., Bhakat, C. and Dutta, T.K., (2021) Impact of environmental factors on physiological adaptability, thermo-tolerance indices, and productivity in Jersey crossbred cows. International Journal of Biometeorology, 65:1999-2009. DOI:10.1007/s00484-021-02157-2

[10] Maulana YP, Ramdani D, Indrijani H, Yunasaf U, Mayasari N (2022) Physiological Responses, Performance, Behaviour, and Welfare of Garut Sheep Cared using Semi-Intensive System in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner, 27:130-141.

[11] Meyer DJ, Harvey JW (2004) Veterinary Laboratory Medicine Interpretation and Diagnosis. Philadelphia Saunders.

[12] Nurfitrini R, Muhamad N (2021) Pengetahuan bahan makanan ternak. Jakarta (Indones): LIPI Press.

[13] Onasanya GO, Oke FO, Sanni TM, Muhammad AI (2015) Parameters influencing haematological, serum and bio-chemical references in livestock animals under different management systems. Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 5:181.

[14] Osoro K, Ferreira LMM, García U, Jáuregui BM, Martínez A, Rosa García R, Celaya R (2013) Diet selection and performance of sheep and goats grazing on different heathland vegetation types. Small Rumin Res. 109:119–127. DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.07.010.

[15] Pachen M, Abukar Y, Shanks J, Lever N, Ramchandra R (2021) Activation of the carotid body increases directly recorded cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and coronary blood flow in conscious sheep. Am J Physiol Integr Comp Physiol 320:203–212. DOI:10.1152/ ajpregu.00246.2020.

[16] Patwardhan VG, Khadilkar AV, Chiplonkar SA, Mughal ZM, Khadilkar VV (2015) Varying relationship between 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and serum 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase with sunlight exposure. Journal of clinical lipidology 9:652-657.

[17] Prihatno SA, Kusumawati A, Karja NWK, Sumiarto B (2013) Profil biokimia darah pada sapi perah yang mengalami kawin berulang. Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan-Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Sciences 7:1.

[18] Raju NV, Pankaj PK, Ramana DBV, Kavitha V (2015) Intensification in deccani sheep: haematological and biochemical influences. Eur J Mol Biol Biochem 2:251-6.

[19] Rana M, Hashem M, Sakib M, Kumar A (2014) Effect of heat stress on blood parameters in indigenous sheep. J Bangladesh Agric Univ 12:91–94.

[20] Reece W (2015) Respiration in mammals. In: Reece W, editor. Dukes’ Physiol Domest Anim. New Jersey (USA): Willey-Blackwell; p. 763.

[21] Santos MLP dos, Dada JMV, Muniz PC, Nunes-Zotti MLA, Barros FRO de, Vieira FMC (2021) Physiological responses of Santa Inês x Dorper ewes and lambs to thermal environment of silvopasture and open pasture systems. Small Rumin Res 205:106565. DOI:10.1016/ j.smallrumres.2021.106565.

[22] Scott P (2015) Sheep medicine. Forida (USA): CRC Press.

[23] Sejian V, Bhatta R, Gaughan J, Malik PK, Naqvi SMK, and Lal R (2017) Adapting sheep production to climate change. Sheep production adapting to climate change 1-29.

[24] Sejian V, Maurya VP, Naqvi SM (2012) Effect of walking stress on growth, physiological adaptability and endocrine responses in Malpura ewes in a semi-arid tropical environment. International journal of biometeorology 56:243–252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-011-0420-y

[25] Sejian V, Silpa MV, Reshma Nair MR, Devaraj C, Krishnan G, Bagath M, Chauhan SS, Suganthi RU, Fonseca VFC, König S (2021) Heat stress and goat welfare: adaptation and production considerations. Animals 11:1021. DOI:10.3390/ani11041021.

[26] Sejian V, Srivastava RS (2010) Pineal–adrenal–immune system relationship under thermal stress: effect on physiological, endocrine, and non-specific immune response in goats. Journal of physiology and biochemistry 66:339-349.

[27] Singh KM, Singh S, Ganguly I, Ganguly A, Nachiappan RK, Chopra A, Narula HK (2016) Evaluation of Indian sheep breeds of arid zone under heat stress condition. Small Ruminant Research. 141:113–117. DOI:10.1016/j.smallrumres. 2016.07.008.

[28] Stampa E, Schipmann-Schwarze C, Hamm U (2020) Consumer perceptions, preferences, and behavior regarding pasture-raised livestock products: A review. Food Qual Prefer [Internet]. 82:103872. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0950329319307281

[29] Tälle M, Deák B, Poschlod P, Valkó O, Westerberg L, Milberg P (2016) Grazing vs. mowing: A meta-analysis of biodiversity benefits for grassland management. Agric Ecosyst Environ 222:200–212. DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2016.02.008.

[30] Thompson IM, Dahl GE (2012) Dry-period seasonal effects on the subsequent lactation. Prof Anim Sci 28:628–631. DOI: 10.15232/S1080-7446(15)30421-6.

[31] United State Grain Council (2018) Precision DDGS Nutrition. In: DDGS User Handb. 4th ed. Washington DC (USA): US Grains Council.

[32] Winugroho M (2017) Strategi Pemberian Pakan Tambahan untuk Memperbaiki Efisiensi Reproduksi Sapi Induk. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembanran Pertanian Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan pertanian. Departemen Pertanian.

[33] Wojtas K, Cwynar P, Kołacz R (2014) Effect of thermal stress on physiological and blood parameters in merino sheep. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy 58:283–288. DOI:10.2478/bvip-2014-0043.

[34] Yıldırır M, Çakır DÜ, Yurtman İY (2022) Effects of restricted nutrition and flushing on reproductive performance and metabolic profiles in sheep. Livestock Science 258:104870.

Abstract

References

How to cite