College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot (010018), Inner Mongolia, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot (010018), Inner Mongolia, China.
The National Center of the Livestock Genealogy Fund of the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry of Mongolia, Mongolia.
College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot (010018), Inner Mongolia, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot (010018), Inner Mongolia, China.
College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot (010018), Inner Mongolia, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot (010018), Inner Mongolia, China.
Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou (014109), Inner Mongolia, China.
College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot (010018), Inner Mongolia, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot (010018), Inner Mongolia, China.
Xilingol Vocational College, Department of Grassland Ecology and Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xilinhhot (026000), Inner Mongolia, China.
The National Center of the Livestock Genealogy Fund of the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar (13381), Mongolia.
College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot (010018), Inner Mongolia, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot (010018), Inner Mongolia, China.
College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot (010018), Inner Mongolia, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot (010018), Inner Mongolia, China.
College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot (010018), Inner Mongolia, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot (010018), Inner Mongolia, China.
College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot (010018), Inner Mongolia, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot (010018), Inner Mongolia, China.
College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot (010018), Inner Mongolia, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot (010018), Inner Mongolia, China.
College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot (010018), Inner Mongolia, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot (010018), Inner Mongolia, China.
To enhance Bactrian camel population through reproductive technologies, 12 female camels (FC) aged 8-12 years underwent reproductive experiments involving synchronized estrus, superovulation, and artificial insemination. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we examined the secretion patterns of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen (E2), and progesterone (PROG) in reproductive and non-reproductive seasons of FC. Exogenous hormones GnRH+GnRH, GnRH+PGF2α, and PMSG were given to synchronize estrus in FC. Comparing peak times and secretion levels of reproductive hormones determined the optimal protocol for synchronized estrus. The study found a positive correlation between FSH and LH secretion in FC, with LH higher. Female camels exhibited an increase in E2 secretion during the transition from non-reproductive to reproductive seasons. Conversely, the concentration of PROG in plasma was higher during the Non-reproductive season compared to the reproductive season. A positive correlation was observed between E2 and PROG levels in FC during reproductive and non-reproductive seasons. Exogenous hormones induce LH and E2 peaks in 2-4 hours and 2-8 hours, respectively, for synchronized estrus. The GnRH+PGF2α hormone superior for estrus synchronization. Our study reveals distinct hormone secretion patterns in female camels during reproductive and non-reproductive seasons. Our findings have significant implications for novel breeding technologies.
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