Hormone secretion in serum of bactrian camels during breeding and nonbreeding seasons: Insights into reproductive physiology

Tserennadmid Sodnompil; Musi Ji; Xinna Zhang; Lin Fu; Rui Zhang; Gaowa Hasi; Jambatsadimad Dagiimaa; Hejie Liu; Haya Na; Wangwei Xie; Huijie Shi; Narenhua Nasenochir; Yongchang Zhang

doi:10.31893/jabb.23033

Keywords:

Gobi red camels

Non-breeding season

breeding season

reproductive hormones

synchronized estrus

secretion regulation

Abstract

To enhance Bactrian camel population through reproductive technologies, 12 female camels (FC) aged 8-12 years underwent reproductive experiments involving synchronized estrus, superovulation, and artificial insemination. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we examined the secretion patterns of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen (E2), and progesterone (PROG) in reproductive and non-reproductive seasons of FC. Exogenous hormones GnRH+GnRH, GnRH+PGF2α, and PMSG were given to synchronize estrus in FC. Comparing peak times and secretion levels of reproductive hormones determined the optimal protocol for synchronized estrus. The study found a positive correlation between FSH and LH secretion in FC, with LH higher. Female camels exhibited an increase in E2 secretion during the transition from non-reproductive to reproductive seasons. Conversely, the concentration of PROG in plasma was higher during the Non-reproductive season compared to the reproductive season. A positive correlation was observed between E2 and PROG levels in FC during reproductive and non-reproductive seasons. Exogenous hormones induce LH and E2 peaks in 2-4 hours and 2-8 hours, respectively, for synchronized estrus. The GnRH+PGF2α hormone superior for estrus synchronization. Our study reveals distinct hormone secretion patterns in female camels during reproductive and non-reproductive seasons. Our findings have significant implications for novel breeding technologies.
References
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2. Ayimuguli (2011) Expression of reproductive hormone receptors in the uterus of yaks at different stages of estrus cycle. Gansu Agricultural University.
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4. Bin LY (2016) The detection of the hormone change during estrous cycle, pregnancy and abortion of the production mares. Xinjiang Agricultural University.
5. Chen Y (2020) Analysis of the correlation between reproductive hormone levels during estrus and litter size of Meishan purebred and hybrid pigs. Yangzhou University.
6. Cheng Y (2017) The Research of Yili Goose Breeding Rule and Reproductive Hormones Regulation. Xinjiang Agricultural University.
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8. Cui L, Zhang Q, Feng D (1989) bservation on behavior of Alxa Bactrian camels in summer. Gansu Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine 7–9.
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11. Forabosco F, Chitchyan Z, Mantovani R( 2017) Methane, nitrous oxide emissions and mitigation strategies for livestock in developing countries: A review. South African Journal of Animal Science 47: 268–280.
12. Guo W, Yuqin H, Xueyan Z (2018) Dynamic changes of GnRH secretion in hypothalamus of ganjia-type tibetan sheep during estrus cycle. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University 53: 1–7.
13. Hafez ES, Hafez B (2001) Reproductive parameters of male dromedary and bactrian camels. Archives of andrology 46: 85–98.
14. Jalali SM, Hasani YN, Darabifard A, Mavadati AH (2018) A study of hematologic and biochemical profile in female dromedary camels during the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. Comparative Clinical Pathology 27:655–659.
15. Jing-ping H (2015) The Dynamic Secretion Changes of FSH and LH on Plasma in Estrous Cycle of the Ganjia Tibetan Sheep. Gansu Agricultural University.
16. Jing W (2010) Effects of different levels of energy and protein in diets on reproductive performance, serum biochemical indexes and reproductive hormones of multiparous ewes. Xinjiang Agricultural University.
17. Khalifa MA, Rateb SA-R, El-Bahrawy KA (2016) Fixed-time induction of ovulation in camels superovulated by different eCG modalities during the transition period in Egypt: Superovulation in camels during the transition period. Tropical animal health and production 48:823–829.
18. Misiukiewicz A, Gao M, Filipiak W, Cieslak A, Patra AK, Szumacher-Strabel M (2021) Methanogens and methane production in the digestive systems of nonruminant farm animals. Animal 15: 100060.
19. Moawa M, Hussein HA, Abd El-Ghani M, Darwish G, Badr M (2019) Effects of cryoprotectants and cryoprotectant combinations on viability and maturation rates of Camelus dromedarius oocytes vitrified at germinal vesicle stage. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 54：108–117.
20. Nagy P, Juhasz J (2012) Fertility after ovarian follicular wave synchronization and fixed-time natural mating compared to random natural mating in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). Animal reproduction science 132: 223–230.
21. Nikjou D, Niasari-Naslaji A, Skidmore JA, Mogheiseh A, Razavi K, Gerami A, Ghanbari, A (2008) Synchronization of follicular wave emergence prior to superovulation in Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus). Theriogenology 69:491–500.
22. Padalino B, Rateb SA, Ibrahim NB, Monaco D, Lacalandra GM, El-Bahrawy KA (2016) Behavioral indicators to detect ovarian phase in the dromedary she-camel. Theriogenology 85:1644–1651.
23. Pu X (2010) Effects of supplementation with several mineral elements, vitamins and exogenous reproductive hormones on reproductive performance of Duolang sheep ewes. Xinjiang Agricultural University.
24. Qiang Z (2020) Study on the growth and development regularity of follicles during the estrus cycle of Xinjiang donkeys. Shihezi University.
25. Shu-Qin Z, Yong Z, Yuan G, Xiao-Pu Y, Zhen Y, Zhi-Jie Y (2021) The in vitro effects of melatonin and Cry gene on the secretion of estradiol from camel ovarian granulosa cells. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 74:106497.
26. Skidmore JA (2011) Reproductive physiology in female old world camelids. Animal Reproduction Science 124:148–154.
27. Skidmore JA, Adams GP, Billah M (2009) Synchronization of ovarian follicular waves in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius). Animal reproduction science 114:249–255.
28. Skidmore JA, Malo CM, Crichton EG, Morrell JM, Pukazhenthi BS (2018) An update on semen collection, preservation and artificial insemination in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius). Animal reproduction science 194:11–18.
29. Wang Y, Xiue T, Zhongliang J (2013) Application of GnRH and Its analogs in animal reproduction. Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine 49:89–92.
30. Wang Y, Zhang X, Pan H, Liu S, Cui Z (2021) Effects of different feeding levels on rumen fermentation, serum biochemical indicators and reproductive hormones in pregnant yaks. Feed Research 5–9.
31. Wanpeng M, Bin L, Jumei W, Panpan T, Yingyu L, Huijun S, Zhanqiang S (2021) Determination of Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Bactrian Camels in Xinjiang. Progress in Veterinary Medicine 9:003
32. WU H, YAO S, SONG Y, MA H, GUO G, WANG T, LI X, LU Y, ZHANG L, LIU G (2021) Effects of melatonin on pregnancy rate and reproductive hormones in Holstein cows. Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine 48:2523–2529.
33. Xueyan Z (2017) The dynamics research of reproductive hormone secretion in the plasma of Ganjia Tibetan sheep of estrous cycle. Gansu Agricultural University .
34. Yin-hai J, Zhi-hui M, Neng-qing P, Wen-wen X, Shi-qiang J, Hui D, Xiu-rong Y, He-sheng J (2018) Changes and correlation analysis of reproductive hormones in saliva and serum of Guangxi water buffalo during estrus cycle. Chinese Journal of Animal Science 44:17–20.
35. Zhang Y (2000) The relationship between melatonin and gonadotropin in Bactrian camels and yaks during the breeding season. Gansu Agricultural University.
36. Zhu R, Yulin C, Cheng M (2017) Study on serum hormone secretion rhythm of 10-month-old female shaanbei cashmere goats during estrus cycle. Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine 53:61–65.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to cite

Sodnompil, T., Ji, M., Zhang, X., Fu, L., Zhang, R., Hasi, G., Dagiimaa, J., Liu, H., Na, H., Xie, W., Shi, H., Nasenochir, N., & Zhang, Y. (2023). Hormone secretion in serum of bactrian camels during breeding and nonbreeding seasons: Insights into reproductive physiology. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology, 11(4), 2023033. https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.23033

[1] Adams GP, Ratto MH, Silva ME, Carrasco RA, (2016) Ovulation-inducing factor (OIF/NGF) in seminal plasma: a review and update. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 51:4–17.

[2] Ayimuguli (2011) Expression of reproductive hormone receptors in the uterus of yaks at different stages of estrus cycle. Gansu Agricultural University.

[3] Bai L, Zhen-Feng D (2015) Study on blood physiological and biochemical characteristics of Bactrian camels in China. Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine 1:3–6.

[4] Bin LY (2016) The detection of the hormone change during estrous cycle, pregnancy and abortion of the production mares. Xinjiang Agricultural University.

[5] Chen Y (2020) Analysis of the correlation between reproductive hormone levels during estrus and litter size of Meishan purebred and hybrid pigs. Yangzhou University.

[6] Cheng Y (2017) The Research of Yili Goose Breeding Rule and Reproductive Hormones Regulation. Xinjiang Agricultural University.

[7] Chǔpèi L (2015) Study on the dynamic development of ovarian follicles and changes of reproductive hormones in Binyanghu water buffalo. Hunan Agricultural University.

[8] Cui L, Zhang Q, Feng D (1989) bservation on behavior of Alxa Bactrian camels in summer. Gansu Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine 7–9.

[9] Deen A, Vyas S, Sahani MS (2003) Semen collection, cryopreservation and artificial insemination in the dromedary camel. Animal Reproduction Science 77: 223–233.

[10] Diaz FA, Gutierrez EJ, Cramer E, Paccamonti DL, Gentry GT, Bondioli KR (2018) Pregnancy rates following low-temperature storage of large equine embryos before vitrification. Journal of equine veterinary science 64:12–16.

[11] Forabosco F, Chitchyan Z, Mantovani R( 2017) Methane, nitrous oxide emissions and mitigation strategies for livestock in developing countries: A review. South African Journal of Animal Science 47: 268–280.

[12] Guo W, Yuqin H, Xueyan Z (2018) Dynamic changes of GnRH secretion in hypothalamus of ganjia-type tibetan sheep during estrus cycle. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University 53: 1–7.

[13] Hafez ES, Hafez B (2001) Reproductive parameters of male dromedary and bactrian camels. Archives of andrology 46: 85–98.

[14] Jalali SM, Hasani YN, Darabifard A, Mavadati AH (2018) A study of hematologic and biochemical profile in female dromedary camels during the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. Comparative Clinical Pathology 27:655–659.

[15] Jing-ping H (2015) The Dynamic Secretion Changes of FSH and LH on Plasma in Estrous Cycle of the Ganjia Tibetan Sheep. Gansu Agricultural University.

[16] Jing W (2010) Effects of different levels of energy and protein in diets on reproductive performance, serum biochemical indexes and reproductive hormones of multiparous ewes. Xinjiang Agricultural University.

[17] Khalifa MA, Rateb SA-R, El-Bahrawy KA (2016) Fixed-time induction of ovulation in camels superovulated by different eCG modalities during the transition period in Egypt: Superovulation in camels during the transition period. Tropical animal health and production 48:823–829.

[18] Misiukiewicz A, Gao M, Filipiak W, Cieslak A, Patra AK, Szumacher-Strabel M (2021) Methanogens and methane production in the digestive systems of nonruminant farm animals. Animal 15: 100060.

[19] Moawa M, Hussein HA, Abd El-Ghani M, Darwish G, Badr M (2019) Effects of cryoprotectants and cryoprotectant combinations on viability and maturation rates of Camelus dromedarius oocytes vitrified at germinal vesicle stage. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 54：108–117.

[20] Nagy P, Juhasz J (2012) Fertility after ovarian follicular wave synchronization and fixed-time natural mating compared to random natural mating in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). Animal reproduction science 132: 223–230.

[21] Nikjou D, Niasari-Naslaji A, Skidmore JA, Mogheiseh A, Razavi K, Gerami A, Ghanbari, A (2008) Synchronization of follicular wave emergence prior to superovulation in Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus). Theriogenology 69:491–500.

[22] Padalino B, Rateb SA, Ibrahim NB, Monaco D, Lacalandra GM, El-Bahrawy KA (2016) Behavioral indicators to detect ovarian phase in the dromedary she-camel. Theriogenology 85:1644–1651.

[23] Pu X (2010) Effects of supplementation with several mineral elements, vitamins and exogenous reproductive hormones on reproductive performance of Duolang sheep ewes. Xinjiang Agricultural University.

[24] Qiang Z (2020) Study on the growth and development regularity of follicles during the estrus cycle of Xinjiang donkeys. Shihezi University.

[25] Shu-Qin Z, Yong Z, Yuan G, Xiao-Pu Y, Zhen Y, Zhi-Jie Y (2021) The in vitro effects of melatonin and Cry gene on the secretion of estradiol from camel ovarian granulosa cells. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 74:106497.

[26] Skidmore JA (2011) Reproductive physiology in female old world camelids. Animal Reproduction Science 124:148–154.

[27] Skidmore JA, Adams GP, Billah M (2009) Synchronization of ovarian follicular waves in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius). Animal reproduction science 114:249–255.

[28] Skidmore JA, Malo CM, Crichton EG, Morrell JM, Pukazhenthi BS (2018) An update on semen collection, preservation and artificial insemination in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius). Animal reproduction science 194:11–18.

[29] Wang Y, Xiue T, Zhongliang J (2013) Application of GnRH and Its analogs in animal reproduction. Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine 49:89–92.

[30] Wang Y, Zhang X, Pan H, Liu S, Cui Z (2021) Effects of different feeding levels on rumen fermentation, serum biochemical indicators and reproductive hormones in pregnant yaks. Feed Research 5–9.

[31] Wanpeng M, Bin L, Jumei W, Panpan T, Yingyu L, Huijun S, Zhanqiang S (2021) Determination of Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Bactrian Camels in Xinjiang. Progress in Veterinary Medicine 9:003

[32] WU H, YAO S, SONG Y, MA H, GUO G, WANG T, LI X, LU Y, ZHANG L, LIU G (2021) Effects of melatonin on pregnancy rate and reproductive hormones in Holstein cows. Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine 48:2523–2529.

[33] Xueyan Z (2017) The dynamics research of reproductive hormone secretion in the plasma of Ganjia Tibetan sheep of estrous cycle. Gansu Agricultural University .

[34] Yin-hai J, Zhi-hui M, Neng-qing P, Wen-wen X, Shi-qiang J, Hui D, Xiu-rong Y, He-sheng J (2018) Changes and correlation analysis of reproductive hormones in saliva and serum of Guangxi water buffalo during estrus cycle. Chinese Journal of Animal Science 44:17–20.

[35] Zhang Y (2000) The relationship between melatonin and gonadotropin in Bactrian camels and yaks during the breeding season. Gansu Agricultural University.

[36] Zhu R, Yulin C, Cheng M (2017) Study on serum hormone secretion rhythm of 10-month-old female shaanbei cashmere goats during estrus cycle. Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine 53:61–65.

Abstract

References

How to cite