From ethnic settlement agglomerations to housing complexes: A history of changing urban spaces in Makassar, Indonesia

Ahmadin

doi:10.31893/humanitj.2024021

Keywords:

ethnic settlement

housing complexes

urban spaces

Abstract

This article contributes to research on urban dynamics and residential spatial change. This research presents a case study of an Indonesian city located in South Sulawesi Province, Makassar, which was originally formed from an agglomeration of ethnic-based villages. Along with the growth and development of the city, these ethnic-based settlements were overhauled and replaced by profession-based housing complexes, subsidized housing complexes, and others. This research is a descriptive qualitative sociological research both in the type of data and analysis. The research approach is historical sociology with synchronic and diachronic thinking methods. This article explores the process of ethnic-based settlement reshuffling that begins with the emergence of a series of government policies in development and the pressure of global capitalism from economic actors of poverty that intervene in the process and direction of urban development. The financial impact and the social, economic and cultural implications are also examined. This phenomenon shows that urban modernization is a necessity for cities in the future and will certainly have far-reaching consequences for city residents.
References
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2. Ahmadin, M. (2024). Spatial Practices as A Pattern of Maintaining Social Relations Among Selayar Ethnic Migrants In Makassar City, Indonesia. Revista De Gestão Social E Ambiental, 18(2), e02051. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n2-100
3. Ahmadin, R. R. (2021). SOCIAL PROTEST OF WOMEN FARMERS REGARDING AGRARIAN CONFLICT. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 24(4), 1–7.
4. Akil, A., Pradadimara, D., Syarif, E., & Beddu, S. (2022). Spatial Historical Evolution of Urban Tosora Cultural Heritage. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 10(3), 188–212.
5. Ammarell, G. (2002). Bugis Migration and Modes of Adaptation to Local Situstions. Ethnology, 51–67.
6. Andaya, L. (1991). Local trade networks in Maluku in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries.
7. Andaya, L. (2002). De militaire alliantie tussen de Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie en de Buginezen. De Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie Tussen Oorlog En Diplomatie, 283–307.
8. Asba, A. R. (2007). Kopra Makassar: perebutan pusat dan daerah: kajian sejarah ekonomi politik regional di Indonesia. Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
9. Bahrum, S. (2003). Cina Peranakan Makassar: Pembauran Melalui Perkawinaan Antarbudaya (1st ed.; I. Anwar, Ed.). Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan: Yayasan Baruga Nusantara.
10. Barbalet, J. (2010). Citizenship in max weber. Journal of Classical Sociology, 10(3), 201–216.
11. Breger, R., & Hill, R. (2021). Introducing mixed marriages. In Cross-cultural marriage (pp. 1–32). Routledge.
12. Brunsvick, Y., & Danzin, A. (2005). Lahirnya sebuah peradaban: goncangan globalisasi. Kanisius.
13. Carey, D. A. (2016). Building the Creole Empire: Architecture, Urbanism, and Social Space in the French Colonial World, 1659-1810. UCLA.
14. Carp, F. M., & Carp, A. (1982). The ideal residential area. Research on Aging, 4(4), 411–439.
15. Casper, M. (2001). A definition of “social environment.” American Journal of Public Health, 91(3), 465–470.
16. Chambert-Loir, H. (1985). Dato’ri Bandang. Légendes de l’islamisation de la région de Célèbes-Sud in L’Islam en Indonésie. I. Archipel. Etudes Interdisciplinaires Sur Le Monde Insulindien Paris, (29), 137–163.
17. Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2017). Observation. In Research methods in education (pp. 542–562). Routledge.
18. Collins, J. T. (1983). The historical relationships of the languages of Central Maluku, Indonesia. Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian ….
19. Dollah, A. S., Ardi, M., Mulyadi, M., Pertiwi, N., & Dirawan, G. D. (2014). Distribution Analysis Of Green Open Space in Makassar. International Journal Of Academic Research, 6(4), 103–110.
20. Eaton, M. (2019). Chinatown. Bloomsbury Publishing.
21. Gerbner, G. (1972). Communication and social environment. Scientific American, 227(3), 152–162.
22. Gottdiener, M. (1994). The social production of urban space. University of Texas Press.
23. Huberman, M., & Miles, M. B. (2002). The qualitative researcher’s companion. sage.
24. Kiong, T. C., & Bun, C. K. (2001). Rethinking assimilation and ethnicity: The Chinese of Thailand. In Alternate identities (pp. 9–40). Brill.
25. Kluiving, S., De Ridder, T., Van Dasselaar, M., Roozen, S., & Prins, M. (2016). Soil archives of a Fluvisol: subsurface analysis and soil history of the medieval city centre of Vlaardingen, the Netherlands–an integral approach. Soil, 2(2), 271–285.
26. Koestoer, R. H. (1997). Perspektif lingkungan desa-kota: teori dan kasus. Penerbit Universitas Indonesia.
27. Koro, N., & Salikki, J. (2006). Ayam jantan tanah daeng. (No Title).
28. Kuchiba, M., & Tsubouchi, Y. (1968). Cooperation patterns in a Malay village. Asian Survey, 8(10), 836–841.
29. Li, M., & Xie, J. (2023). Social and spatial governance: the history of enclosed neighborhoods in urban China. Journal of Urban History, 49(4), 723–744.
30. Mattulada. (1990). Menyusuri jejak kehadiran Makassar dalam sejarah. Hasanuddin University Press.
31. Mattulada. (1998). Sejarah Masyarakat dan Kebudayaan Sulawesi Selatan. Makassar: Hasanuddin University Press.
32. Nas, P. J. M. (1986). The Indonesian city: Studies in urban development and planning. (No Title).
33. Nomay, U., & Ahmadin. (2009). Orang Melayu di Makassar Abad XVI-XVII. Rayhan Intermedia.
34. Paeni, M., Ganggong, A., & Baso, M. N. (1984). Sejarah sosial daerah Sulawesi Selatan: mobilitas sosial Kota Makasar, 1900-1950. (No Title).
35. Patompo, M. D. (1976). Rahasia: menyingkap tabir kegelapan (fragmen revolusi pembangunan). Walikotamadya.
36. Patunru, D. A. R. (1969). Sejarah Gowa, Yayasan Kebudayaan. Sulawesi Selatan: Makassar.
37. Pelras, C. (1997). The Bugis. John Wiley & Sons.
38. Piliang, Y. A. (2011). Tamasya Melampaui Batas-batas Kebudayaan. Matahari. Bandung: Matahari.
39. Poelinggomang, E. L. (2016). Makassar abad XIX. Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.
40. Pradadimara, D. (2005). Penduduk Kota, Warga Kota, dan Sejarah Kota: Kisah Makasar, dalam Freek Colombijo, dkk (Editor), Kota Lama Kota Baru. Yogyakarta: Ombak.
41. Schmid, C. (2008). Henri Lefebvre’s theory of the production of space: Towards a three-dimensional dialectic. In Space, difference, everyday life (pp. 41–59). Routledge.
42. Schmutzer, E. J. M. (1977). Dutch colonial policy and the search for identity in Indonesia: 1920-1931. Brill Archive.
43. Sumalyo, Y. (1999). Ujung Pandang Perkembangan Kota dan Arsitektur Pada Akhir Abad 17 Hingga Awal Abad 20. Dalam Henri Chambert-Loir Dan Hasan Muarif Ambary (Ed.). Panggung Sejarah: Persembahan Kepada Prof. Dr. Denys Lombard, Ecole Francaise d’extreme-Orient, Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional, Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
44. Sumalyo, Y. (2002). Dutch Colonial Architecture and City Development of Makassar. DIMENSI (Journal of Architecture and Built Environment), 30(1).
45. Sumantri, I. (2004). Kepingan mozaik sejarah budaya Sulawesi Selatan. Bagian Proyek Pemanfaatan Peninggalan, Sejarah dan Purbakala Sulawesi Selatan.
46. Susanto, H. (2004). DAMPAK SOSIAL SEGREGASI ETNIS MADURA DI PERKOTAAN (Studi Kasus di Wilayah Kelurahan Wonokusumo Kecamatan Semampir Kota Surabaya). UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA.
47. Sutherland, H. (2001). The Makassar Malays: adaptation and identity, c. 1660-1790. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 32(3), 397–421.
48. Sutherland, H. (2009). Treacherous translators and improvident paupers: perception and practice in Dutch Makassar, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 53(1–2), 319–356.
49. Sutherland, H. (2011). Whose Makassar? Claiming space in a segmented city. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 53(4), 791–826.
50. Sutrisno, M., & Putranto, H. (2005). Teori-teori kebudayaan. (No Title).
51. Tobing, P. (1967). Hukum Pelayaran dan Perniagaan Amanna Gappa. Yayasan Kebudayaan Sulawesi, Ujung Pandang.
52. Wu, J. (2006). Environmental amenities, urban sprawl, and community characteristics. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 52(2), 527–547.
53. Yunus, H. S. (2005). Manajemen kota: perspektif spasial. Pustaka Pelajar.
54. Zhou, X., Lu, X., Lian, H., Chen, Y., & Wu, Y. (2017). Construction of a Spatial Planning system at city-level: Case study of “integration of multi-planning” in Yulin City, China. Habitat International, 65, 32–48.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to cite

Ahmadin. (2024). From ethnic settlement agglomerations to housing complexes: A history of changing urban spaces in Makassar, Indonesia. Humanities Journal, 1(4), 2024021. https://doi.org/10.31893/humanitj.2024021

[1] Ahmadin, A. (2024). Sociologizing Urban Space: Makassar in the Colonial and Post-Colonial Period. Bandung: Widina Bhakti Persada. Retrieved from https://repository.penerbitwidina.com/publications/567918/sociologizing-urban-space-makassar-in-the-colonial-and-post-colonial-period

[2] Ahmadin, M. (2024). Spatial Practices as A Pattern of Maintaining Social Relations Among Selayar Ethnic Migrants In Makassar City, Indonesia. Revista De Gestão Social E Ambiental, 18(2), e02051. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n2-100

[3] Ahmadin, R. R. (2021). SOCIAL PROTEST OF WOMEN FARMERS REGARDING AGRARIAN CONFLICT. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 24(4), 1–7.

[4] Akil, A., Pradadimara, D., Syarif, E., & Beddu, S. (2022). Spatial Historical Evolution of Urban Tosora Cultural Heritage. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 10(3), 188–212.

[5] Ammarell, G. (2002). Bugis Migration and Modes of Adaptation to Local Situstions. Ethnology, 51–67.

[6] Andaya, L. (1991). Local trade networks in Maluku in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries.

[7] Andaya, L. (2002). De militaire alliantie tussen de Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie en de Buginezen. De Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie Tussen Oorlog En Diplomatie, 283–307.

[8] Asba, A. R. (2007). Kopra Makassar: perebutan pusat dan daerah: kajian sejarah ekonomi politik regional di Indonesia. Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

[9] Bahrum, S. (2003). Cina Peranakan Makassar: Pembauran Melalui Perkawinaan Antarbudaya (1st ed.; I. Anwar, Ed.). Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan: Yayasan Baruga Nusantara.

[10] Barbalet, J. (2010). Citizenship in max weber. Journal of Classical Sociology, 10(3), 201–216.

[11] Breger, R., & Hill, R. (2021). Introducing mixed marriages. In Cross-cultural marriage (pp. 1–32). Routledge.

[12] Brunsvick, Y., & Danzin, A. (2005). Lahirnya sebuah peradaban: goncangan globalisasi. Kanisius.

[13] Carey, D. A. (2016). Building the Creole Empire: Architecture, Urbanism, and Social Space in the French Colonial World, 1659-1810. UCLA.

[14] Carp, F. M., & Carp, A. (1982). The ideal residential area. Research on Aging, 4(4), 411–439.

[15] Casper, M. (2001). A definition of “social environment.” American Journal of Public Health, 91(3), 465–470.

[16] Chambert-Loir, H. (1985). Dato’ri Bandang. Légendes de l’islamisation de la région de Célèbes-Sud in L’Islam en Indonésie. I. Archipel. Etudes Interdisciplinaires Sur Le Monde Insulindien Paris, (29), 137–163.

[17] Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2017). Observation. In Research methods in education (pp. 542–562). Routledge.

[18] Collins, J. T. (1983). The historical relationships of the languages of Central Maluku, Indonesia. Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian ….

[19] Dollah, A. S., Ardi, M., Mulyadi, M., Pertiwi, N., & Dirawan, G. D. (2014). Distribution Analysis Of Green Open Space in Makassar. International Journal Of Academic Research, 6(4), 103–110.

[20] Eaton, M. (2019). Chinatown. Bloomsbury Publishing.

[21] Gerbner, G. (1972). Communication and social environment. Scientific American, 227(3), 152–162.

[22] Gottdiener, M. (1994). The social production of urban space. University of Texas Press.

[23] Huberman, M., & Miles, M. B. (2002). The qualitative researcher’s companion. sage.

[24] Kiong, T. C., & Bun, C. K. (2001). Rethinking assimilation and ethnicity: The Chinese of Thailand. In Alternate identities (pp. 9–40). Brill.

[25] Kluiving, S., De Ridder, T., Van Dasselaar, M., Roozen, S., & Prins, M. (2016). Soil archives of a Fluvisol: subsurface analysis and soil history of the medieval city centre of Vlaardingen, the Netherlands–an integral approach. Soil, 2(2), 271–285.

[26] Koestoer, R. H. (1997). Perspektif lingkungan desa-kota: teori dan kasus. Penerbit Universitas Indonesia.

[27] Koro, N., & Salikki, J. (2006). Ayam jantan tanah daeng. (No Title).

[28] Kuchiba, M., & Tsubouchi, Y. (1968). Cooperation patterns in a Malay village. Asian Survey, 8(10), 836–841.

[29] Li, M., & Xie, J. (2023). Social and spatial governance: the history of enclosed neighborhoods in urban China. Journal of Urban History, 49(4), 723–744.

[30] Mattulada. (1990). Menyusuri jejak kehadiran Makassar dalam sejarah. Hasanuddin University Press.

[31] Mattulada. (1998). Sejarah Masyarakat dan Kebudayaan Sulawesi Selatan. Makassar: Hasanuddin University Press.

[32] Nas, P. J. M. (1986). The Indonesian city: Studies in urban development and planning. (No Title).

[33] Nomay, U., & Ahmadin. (2009). Orang Melayu di Makassar Abad XVI-XVII. Rayhan Intermedia.

[34] Paeni, M., Ganggong, A., & Baso, M. N. (1984). Sejarah sosial daerah Sulawesi Selatan: mobilitas sosial Kota Makasar, 1900-1950. (No Title).

[35] Patompo, M. D. (1976). Rahasia: menyingkap tabir kegelapan (fragmen revolusi pembangunan). Walikotamadya.

[36] Patunru, D. A. R. (1969). Sejarah Gowa, Yayasan Kebudayaan. Sulawesi Selatan: Makassar.

[37] Pelras, C. (1997). The Bugis. John Wiley & Sons.

[38] Piliang, Y. A. (2011). Tamasya Melampaui Batas-batas Kebudayaan. Matahari. Bandung: Matahari.

[39] Poelinggomang, E. L. (2016). Makassar abad XIX. Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.

[40] Pradadimara, D. (2005). Penduduk Kota, Warga Kota, dan Sejarah Kota: Kisah Makasar, dalam Freek Colombijo, dkk (Editor), Kota Lama Kota Baru. Yogyakarta: Ombak.

[41] Schmid, C. (2008). Henri Lefebvre’s theory of the production of space: Towards a three-dimensional dialectic. In Space, difference, everyday life (pp. 41–59). Routledge.

[42] Schmutzer, E. J. M. (1977). Dutch colonial policy and the search for identity in Indonesia: 1920-1931. Brill Archive.

[43] Sumalyo, Y. (1999). Ujung Pandang Perkembangan Kota dan Arsitektur Pada Akhir Abad 17 Hingga Awal Abad 20. Dalam Henri Chambert-Loir Dan Hasan Muarif Ambary (Ed.). Panggung Sejarah: Persembahan Kepada Prof. Dr. Denys Lombard, Ecole Francaise d’extreme-Orient, Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional, Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

[44] Sumalyo, Y. (2002). Dutch Colonial Architecture and City Development of Makassar. DIMENSI (Journal of Architecture and Built Environment), 30(1).

[45] Sumantri, I. (2004). Kepingan mozaik sejarah budaya Sulawesi Selatan. Bagian Proyek Pemanfaatan Peninggalan, Sejarah dan Purbakala Sulawesi Selatan.

[46] Susanto, H. (2004). DAMPAK SOSIAL SEGREGASI ETNIS MADURA DI PERKOTAAN (Studi Kasus di Wilayah Kelurahan Wonokusumo Kecamatan Semampir Kota Surabaya). UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA.

[47] Sutherland, H. (2001). The Makassar Malays: adaptation and identity, c. 1660-1790. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 32(3), 397–421.

[48] Sutherland, H. (2009). Treacherous translators and improvident paupers: perception and practice in Dutch Makassar, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 53(1–2), 319–356.

[49] Sutherland, H. (2011). Whose Makassar? Claiming space in a segmented city. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 53(4), 791–826.

[50] Sutrisno, M., & Putranto, H. (2005). Teori-teori kebudayaan. (No Title).

[51] Tobing, P. (1967). Hukum Pelayaran dan Perniagaan Amanna Gappa. Yayasan Kebudayaan Sulawesi, Ujung Pandang.

[52] Wu, J. (2006). Environmental amenities, urban sprawl, and community characteristics. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 52(2), 527–547.

[53] Yunus, H. S. (2005). Manajemen kota: perspektif spasial. Pustaka Pelajar.

[54] Zhou, X., Lu, X., Lian, H., Chen, Y., & Wu, Y. (2017). Construction of a Spatial Planning system at city-level: Case study of “integration of multi-planning” in Yulin City, China. Habitat International, 65, 32–48.

Abstract

References

How to cite