Effect of vitamin C, electrolyte, and jaggery on transportation stress in different seasons on biochemical parameters of goats

Deepanshu Gupta; Gayatri  Kashyap; Manju Ashutosh; Archana Yadav

doi:10.31893/avr.2023008

Keywords:

flocking density

glutathione peroxidase

superoxide dismutase

temperature humidity index

Abstract

The present study evaluated the seasonal effects of transportation of goats (Alpine x Beetal) at different flocking densities, supplemented with Vitamin C in group I, Vitamin C + Electrolyte in group II and group III Jaggery, three days before transport of animal, during winter and hot-humid seasons. The goats were selected from LRC, NDRI Karnal, and were between 10-12 months old. Each group has been 25 goats, divided into high (15) and low (10) flocking densities, with an average speed of 25 Km/h transported for 8h. All the animals were kept off-feed and deprived of water during transportation. Blood samples were taken just before transportation, immediately after transportation, 6hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs, and two days post transportation from all three groups. The blood samples were further analyzed to estimate different biochemical parameters such as Glucose, GPx, and SOD. Pre-transportation values of glucose, GPx, and SOD were lower (P< 0.05), followed by a maximum increase in values after unloading in all the groups and both seasons. The values continued to decline with subsequent hours after post transportation till 24 hours. Vitamin C, Vitamin C + Electrolyte, and Jaggery supplementation helped reduce transport stress, but the combination of Vitamin C + Electrolyte was more effective in reducing the transport stress in the goats.
References
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2. Al-Badwi MA, Mohamed HE, Alhaidary AA, Al-Hassan MJ (2012) Plasma and salivary cortisol levels in transportation-stressed Aardigoats.Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 13:1731-1735.
3. Ali BH, Al-Qarawi AA, Mousa HM (2006) Stress associated with road transportation in desert sheep and goats, and the effect of pretreatment with xylazine or sodium betaine. Research veterinary science 80:343–348.
4. Averos A, Martin S, Riu M, Serratosa J, Gosalvez LF (2008) Stress response of extensively reared young bulls being transported to growing-finishing farm under Spanish summer commercial conditions. Livest. Sci. 119:174–182.
5. Ayo JO, Oladele SB (1996) Road transport stress in food animals in Nigeria. A Review. Nig. Vet. J. (Special Edition) 1:49-57.
6. Bernabucci U, Ronchi B, Lacetera N, Nardone A (2002) Markers of oxidative status in plasma and erythrocytes of transition dairy cows during hot season. Journal of dairy science 85:2173-2179.
7. Broom DM (2000) Welfare assessment and welfare problem areas during handling and transport. In: Grandin, T. (ed.), Livestock Handling and Transport, 43–62. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.
8. Broom DM (2003) Causes of poor welfare in large animal during transport. Vet. Res. Comm. 27:515-518.
9. Burns RJ, Aspeslagh R (2014) Three decades of peace education around the world: An anthology. Routledge.
10. Celi P, Trana AD, Claps S (2010) Effects of plane of nutrition on oxidative stress in goats during the peripartum period. Vet. J. 184:95–99.
11. Ekiz OO, Urel M, Guner H, Mizrak AK, Dˆana A (2011) Reversible electrical reduction and oxidation of graphene oxide. Acs Nano 5:2475-2482.
12. Fazio E, Ferlazzo A (2003) Evaluation of stress during transport. Vet.Res. Commun. 27:519–524.
13. Flohe L, Gunzler WA, Schock HH (1973) Glutathione peroxidase: a selenoenzyme. FEBS Lett. 32:132–134.
14. Gaal T, Mezes M, Miskucza O, Ribiczey-Szabo P (1993) Effect of fasting on blood lipid peroxidation parameters of sheep. Research in veterinary science 55: 104-107.
15. Galipalli S, Gadiyaram KM, Kouakou B, Terril TH, Kannan G (2004) Physiological response of preslughter transportation stress in Tasco-supplemented goats. South African Journal of Animal Science 34:198-200.
16. Halliwell B, Chirico S (1993) Lipid peroxidation: its mechanism, measurement, and significance. Am. J. Clin. Nut. 57:715S–725S.
17. Kannan G, Saker KE, Terrill TH, Kouakou B, Galipalli S, Gelaye S (2007) Effect of seaweed extract supplementation in goats exposed to simulated preslaughter stress. Small Ruminant Res. 73:221-227.
18. Kannan G, Terrill TH, Konakou B, Gelaye S (2003) Endocrine, blood metabolite and meat quality changes in goats as influenced by short term preslaughter stress. J. Anim. Sci. 81:4499-1507.
19. Kannan G, Terrill TH, Konakou B, Gazal OS, Gelaye S, Amoah EA, Samake S (2000) Transportation of goats: Effects on physiological stress responses and live weight loss. J. Anim. Sci. 78:1450-1457.
20. Kent JK, Ewbank R (1983) The effect of road transportation on the blood constituents and behavior of calves. In Six months old. Br. Vet. J. 139:228-235.
21. Kent JK, Ewbank R (1986) The effect of road transportation on the blood constituents and behavior of calves. II. One to three weeks old. Br. Vet. J. 142:131-140.
22. Khasmi ELM, Bargaâ R, Riad F, Safwate A, El Hassane T, Farh M, El Abbadi N, Abouhafs R, Faye B (2013) Meat levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in Moroccan one-humped dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 25:267.
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24. Knowles TG, Warriss PD, Brown SN, Edwards JE (1999) Effects on cattle transportation by road for upto 31 hours. Veterinary Record 145:575-582.
25. Kumar M, Jindal R, Nayyar S, Singla M (2010) Physiological and biochemical responses in beetal goats during summer season. Indian Journal of Small Ruminants, 16(1), 255-257.
26. Kumar BR, Muralidharan MR, Ramesh V, Arunachalam S, Sivakumar T (2003) Effects of transport stress on blood profile in sheep. Ind. Vet. J. 80, 511-514.
27. Kumar K (2014) Effect of transportation stress on physiological performance and immune Function of The Goats. Thesis submitted to ICAR- NDRI, Karnal.
28. Lata JC, Degrange V, Raynaud X, Maron PA, Lensi R, Abbadie L (2004) Grass populations control nitrification in savanna soils. Functional Ecology 18:605-611.
29. Lopez O, Marco I, Montane J, Lavin S (2006) Transport stress inSouthern chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) and its modulation by acepromazine. Vet. J. 1720:347-355.
30. McDowell RE, Hooven NW, Camoens JK (1976) Effects of climate on performance of Holsteins in first lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 59:965–973.
31. Miller JK, Brzezinska-Slebodzinska E, Madsen FC (1993) Oxidative stress, antioxidants, and animal function. J. Dairy Sci. 76:2812–2823.
32. Minka NS, Ayo JO (2007) Physiological responses of transported goats treated with ascorbic acid during the hot-dry season. Animal Science Journal 78:164–172.
33. Minka NS, Ayo JO (2007a) Effects of loading behaviour and road transportation stress on traumatic injuries in cattle transported by road during hot- dry season. Livestock Science 107:91-95.
34. Minka NS, Ayo JO (2010) Behavioral and rectal temperature responses of Black Harco pullets administered vitamins C and E and transported by road during the hot-dry season. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research 5:134-144.
35. Minka NS, Ayo JO (2007) Effects of loading behaviour and road transport stress on traumatic injuries in cattle transported by road during the hot-dry season. Livestock Science 107:91-95.
36. Minka NS, Ayo JO (2007b) Physiological responses of transported goats treated with ascorbic acid during the hot dry season. Animal Science Journal 78:162-172.
37. Minka NS, Ayo JO (2008) Haematology and behaviour of pullets transported by road and administered with ascorbic acid during the hot dry season. Research in Veterinary Science 85:389–393
38. Minka NS, Ayo JO (2010) Physiological responses of Erythrocytes of goats to Transportation and Mondulatory Role of ascorbic acid. J.Vet. Med. Sci. 72:875-881.
39. Minka NS, Ayo JO (2010) Serum biochemical activities and muscular soreness in transported goats administered with ascorbic acid during the hot-dry season. European Journal Translational Myology. Basic Applied Myology 1:193-203.
40. Miranda-de la Lama, GC, Monge P, Villarroel M, Olleta JL, García-Belenguer S, María, GA (2011) Effects of road type during transport on lamb welfare and meat quality in dry hot climates. Tropical Animal Health and Production 43:915-922.
41. Mstl E, Palme R (2002) Hormones as indicator of stress. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 23:67-74.
42. Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW (1990) Gluconeogenesis and Control of the Blood Glucose: Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex and Adrenal Medulla. Harper’s Biochem- istry. 12th edn.
43. Nazifi S, Razavi SM, Esmailnejad Z, Gheisari H (2009) Study on acute phase proteins (haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen, and ceruloplasmin) changes and their diagnostic values in bovine tropical theileriosis. Parasitology research 105:41-46.
44. Nwe TM, Itori E, Manda, M, Watanabe, S (1996) Significance of catecholamines and cortisol levels in blood during transportation stress in goats. Small Rum. Res. 20:129-135.
45. Onmaz AC, Van den Hoven, R, Gunes V, Cinar M, Kucuk O (2011) Oxidative stress in horses after a 12-hours transport period. Recl. Med. Vet. 162:213-217.
46. Polycarp M, Dauna Y, Musa S, Ja'afaru J, Ibrahim AK (2015) Analysis of Producer Price of Rice in Nigeria. The International Journal of Science and Technoledge 3:90.
47. Ponter CD, Roussel S, Tessier J, Sauvant D, Ficheux C, Boissy A (2003) Physiological effects of repeated transport in pregnant goats and their offspring. Anim.Res. 52:553-566.
48. Rajion MA, Soat IM, Zulkifli I, Goh YM (2001) The effects of road transport on some physiological stress measures in goats. Asian- Australian Journal of Animal Science 9:1250-1262.
49. Sanhouri AA, Jones RS, Dobson H (1992) Effect of xylazine on the stress response to transport in male goats. Br. Vet. J. 148:119-128.
50. Singh D (2013) The brand personality component of brand goodwill: some antecedents and consequences. Brand equity & advertising: Advertising's role in building strong brands, p.83.
51. Sun Z, Cade JR (1999) A peptide found in schizophrenia and autism causes behavioral changes in rats. Autism 3:85-95.
52. Tadich N, Gallo H, Bustamante H, Schwerter M, Van Schaik G (2005) Effects of transport and lairage time on some blood constituents of Friesian-Cross steers in Chile. Livest. Prod. Sci. 93:223-233.
53. Tarrant PV, Kenny FJ, Harrington D, Murphy M (1992) Long distance transportation of steers to slaughter: effect of stocking density on physiology, behaviour and carcass quality. Livestock Production Science 30:223-238.
54. Tauler P, Sureda A, Cases N, Aguiló A, Rodríguez-Marroyo JA, Villa G, Tur JA, Pons A (2006) Increased lymphocyte antioxidant defences in response to exhaustive exercise do not prevent oxidative damage. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 17:665-671.
55. Teke B, Ekiz B, Akdag F, Ugurlu M, Ciftci G.,Senturk B (2014) Effects of stocking density of lambs on biochemical stress parameters and meat quality related to commercial transportation . Ann. Anim. Sci. 14:611–621.
56. Tessier A, Turner DR eds (1995) Metal speciation and bioavailability in aquatic systems (Vol. 3).
57. Zulkifli I, Che Norma MT, Chong CH, Loh TC (2001) The effects of crating and road transportation on stress and fear responses of broiler chickens treated with ascorbic acid. Arch. Geflugelk. 65:33–37.
58. Zulkifli I, Norbaiyah B, Cheah YW, Soleiman AF, Sazili AQ, Rajion MA, Goh YM (2010) Physiological Responses in Goats Subjected to Road Transportation under the Hot, Humid Tropical Conditions. Int. J. Ag. & Bio. 12:840–844.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to cite

Gupta, D., Kashyap, G. ., Ashutosh, M., & Yadav, A. (2023). Effect of vitamin C, electrolyte, and jaggery on transportation stress in different seasons on biochemical parameters of goats. Applied Veterinary Research, 2(2), 2023008. https://doi.org/10.31893/avr.2023008

[1] Adenkola AY, Ayo JO, Sackey AKB, Adelaiye AB (2009) Haematological changes in pigs administered with ascorbic acid and transported by road for four hours during the harmattan season.J. Cell Anim. Biol. 3:021-028.

[2] Al-Badwi MA, Mohamed HE, Alhaidary AA, Al-Hassan MJ (2012) Plasma and salivary cortisol levels in transportation-stressed Aardigoats.Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 13:1731-1735.

[3] Ali BH, Al-Qarawi AA, Mousa HM (2006) Stress associated with road transportation in desert sheep and goats, and the effect of pretreatment with xylazine or sodium betaine. Research veterinary science 80:343–348.

[4] Averos A, Martin S, Riu M, Serratosa J, Gosalvez LF (2008) Stress response of extensively reared young bulls being transported to growing-finishing farm under Spanish summer commercial conditions. Livest. Sci. 119:174–182.

[5] Ayo JO, Oladele SB (1996) Road transport stress in food animals in Nigeria. A Review. Nig. Vet. J. (Special Edition) 1:49-57.

[6] Bernabucci U, Ronchi B, Lacetera N, Nardone A (2002) Markers of oxidative status in plasma and erythrocytes of transition dairy cows during hot season. Journal of dairy science 85:2173-2179.

[7] Broom DM (2000) Welfare assessment and welfare problem areas during handling and transport. In: Grandin, T. (ed.), Livestock Handling and Transport, 43–62. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.

[8] Broom DM (2003) Causes of poor welfare in large animal during transport. Vet. Res. Comm. 27:515-518.

[9] Burns RJ, Aspeslagh R (2014) Three decades of peace education around the world: An anthology. Routledge.

[10] Celi P, Trana AD, Claps S (2010) Effects of plane of nutrition on oxidative stress in goats during the peripartum period. Vet. J. 184:95–99.

[11] Ekiz OO, Urel M, Guner H, Mizrak AK, Dˆana A (2011) Reversible electrical reduction and oxidation of graphene oxide. Acs Nano 5:2475-2482.

[12] Fazio E, Ferlazzo A (2003) Evaluation of stress during transport. Vet.Res. Commun. 27:519–524.

[13] Flohe L, Gunzler WA, Schock HH (1973) Glutathione peroxidase: a selenoenzyme. FEBS Lett. 32:132–134.

[14] Gaal T, Mezes M, Miskucza O, Ribiczey-Szabo P (1993) Effect of fasting on blood lipid peroxidation parameters of sheep. Research in veterinary science 55: 104-107.

[15] Galipalli S, Gadiyaram KM, Kouakou B, Terril TH, Kannan G (2004) Physiological response of preslughter transportation stress in Tasco-supplemented goats. South African Journal of Animal Science 34:198-200.

[16] Halliwell B, Chirico S (1993) Lipid peroxidation: its mechanism, measurement, and significance. Am. J. Clin. Nut. 57:715S–725S.

[17] Kannan G, Saker KE, Terrill TH, Kouakou B, Galipalli S, Gelaye S (2007) Effect of seaweed extract supplementation in goats exposed to simulated preslaughter stress. Small Ruminant Res. 73:221-227.

[18] Kannan G, Terrill TH, Konakou B, Gelaye S (2003) Endocrine, blood metabolite and meat quality changes in goats as influenced by short term preslaughter stress. J. Anim. Sci. 81:4499-1507.

[19] Kannan G, Terrill TH, Konakou B, Gazal OS, Gelaye S, Amoah EA, Samake S (2000) Transportation of goats: Effects on physiological stress responses and live weight loss. J. Anim. Sci. 78:1450-1457.

[20] Kent JK, Ewbank R (1983) The effect of road transportation on the blood constituents and behavior of calves. In Six months old. Br. Vet. J. 139:228-235.

[21] Kent JK, Ewbank R (1986) The effect of road transportation on the blood constituents and behavior of calves. II. One to three weeks old. Br. Vet. J. 142:131-140.

[22] Khasmi ELM, Bargaâ R, Riad F, Safwate A, El Hassane T, Farh M, El Abbadi N, Abouhafs R, Faye B (2013) Meat levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in Moroccan one-humped dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 25:267.

[23] Knowles J, Corne D (1999) The pareto archived evolution strategy: A new baseline algorithm for pareto multiobjectiveoptimisation. In Evolutionary Computation, 1999. CEC 99. Proceedings of the 1999 Congress on (Vol. 1).

[24] Knowles TG, Warriss PD, Brown SN, Edwards JE (1999) Effects on cattle transportation by road for upto 31 hours. Veterinary Record 145:575-582.

[25] Kumar M, Jindal R, Nayyar S, Singla M (2010) Physiological and biochemical responses in beetal goats during summer season. Indian Journal of Small Ruminants, 16(1), 255-257.

[26] Kumar BR, Muralidharan MR, Ramesh V, Arunachalam S, Sivakumar T (2003) Effects of transport stress on blood profile in sheep. Ind. Vet. J. 80, 511-514.

[27] Kumar K (2014) Effect of transportation stress on physiological performance and immune Function of The Goats. Thesis submitted to ICAR- NDRI, Karnal.

[28] Lata JC, Degrange V, Raynaud X, Maron PA, Lensi R, Abbadie L (2004) Grass populations control nitrification in savanna soils. Functional Ecology 18:605-611.

[29] Lopez O, Marco I, Montane J, Lavin S (2006) Transport stress inSouthern chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) and its modulation by acepromazine. Vet. J. 1720:347-355.

[30] McDowell RE, Hooven NW, Camoens JK (1976) Effects of climate on performance of Holsteins in first lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 59:965–973.

[31] Miller JK, Brzezinska-Slebodzinska E, Madsen FC (1993) Oxidative stress, antioxidants, and animal function. J. Dairy Sci. 76:2812–2823.

[32] Minka NS, Ayo JO (2007) Physiological responses of transported goats treated with ascorbic acid during the hot-dry season. Animal Science Journal 78:164–172.

[33] Minka NS, Ayo JO (2007a) Effects of loading behaviour and road transportation stress on traumatic injuries in cattle transported by road during hot- dry season. Livestock Science 107:91-95.

[34] Minka NS, Ayo JO (2010) Behavioral and rectal temperature responses of Black Harco pullets administered vitamins C and E and transported by road during the hot-dry season. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research 5:134-144.

[35] Minka NS, Ayo JO (2007) Effects of loading behaviour and road transport stress on traumatic injuries in cattle transported by road during the hot-dry season. Livestock Science 107:91-95.

[36] Minka NS, Ayo JO (2007b) Physiological responses of transported goats treated with ascorbic acid during the hot dry season. Animal Science Journal 78:162-172.

[37] Minka NS, Ayo JO (2008) Haematology and behaviour of pullets transported by road and administered with ascorbic acid during the hot dry season. Research in Veterinary Science 85:389–393

[38] Minka NS, Ayo JO (2010) Physiological responses of Erythrocytes of goats to Transportation and Mondulatory Role of ascorbic acid. J.Vet. Med. Sci. 72:875-881.

[39] Minka NS, Ayo JO (2010) Serum biochemical activities and muscular soreness in transported goats administered with ascorbic acid during the hot-dry season. European Journal Translational Myology. Basic Applied Myology 1:193-203.

[40] Miranda-de la Lama, GC, Monge P, Villarroel M, Olleta JL, García-Belenguer S, María, GA (2011) Effects of road type during transport on lamb welfare and meat quality in dry hot climates. Tropical Animal Health and Production 43:915-922.

[41] Mstl E, Palme R (2002) Hormones as indicator of stress. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 23:67-74.

[42] Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW (1990) Gluconeogenesis and Control of the Blood Glucose: Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex and Adrenal Medulla. Harper’s Biochem- istry. 12th edn.

[43] Nazifi S, Razavi SM, Esmailnejad Z, Gheisari H (2009) Study on acute phase proteins (haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen, and ceruloplasmin) changes and their diagnostic values in bovine tropical theileriosis. Parasitology research 105:41-46.

[44] Nwe TM, Itori E, Manda, M, Watanabe, S (1996) Significance of catecholamines and cortisol levels in blood during transportation stress in goats. Small Rum. Res. 20:129-135.

[45] Onmaz AC, Van den Hoven, R, Gunes V, Cinar M, Kucuk O (2011) Oxidative stress in horses after a 12-hours transport period. Recl. Med. Vet. 162:213-217.

[46] Polycarp M, Dauna Y, Musa S, Ja'afaru J, Ibrahim AK (2015) Analysis of Producer Price of Rice in Nigeria. The International Journal of Science and Technoledge 3:90.

[47] Ponter CD, Roussel S, Tessier J, Sauvant D, Ficheux C, Boissy A (2003) Physiological effects of repeated transport in pregnant goats and their offspring. Anim.Res. 52:553-566.

[48] Rajion MA, Soat IM, Zulkifli I, Goh YM (2001) The effects of road transport on some physiological stress measures in goats. Asian- Australian Journal of Animal Science 9:1250-1262.

[49] Sanhouri AA, Jones RS, Dobson H (1992) Effect of xylazine on the stress response to transport in male goats. Br. Vet. J. 148:119-128.

[50] Singh D (2013) The brand personality component of brand goodwill: some antecedents and consequences. Brand equity & advertising: Advertising's role in building strong brands, p.83.

[51] Sun Z, Cade JR (1999) A peptide found in schizophrenia and autism causes behavioral changes in rats. Autism 3:85-95.

[52] Tadich N, Gallo H, Bustamante H, Schwerter M, Van Schaik G (2005) Effects of transport and lairage time on some blood constituents of Friesian-Cross steers in Chile. Livest. Prod. Sci. 93:223-233.

[53] Tarrant PV, Kenny FJ, Harrington D, Murphy M (1992) Long distance transportation of steers to slaughter: effect of stocking density on physiology, behaviour and carcass quality. Livestock Production Science 30:223-238.

[54] Tauler P, Sureda A, Cases N, Aguiló A, Rodríguez-Marroyo JA, Villa G, Tur JA, Pons A (2006) Increased lymphocyte antioxidant defences in response to exhaustive exercise do not prevent oxidative damage. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 17:665-671.

[55] Teke B, Ekiz B, Akdag F, Ugurlu M, Ciftci G.,Senturk B (2014) Effects of stocking density of lambs on biochemical stress parameters and meat quality related to commercial transportation . Ann. Anim. Sci. 14:611–621.

[56] Tessier A, Turner DR eds (1995) Metal speciation and bioavailability in aquatic systems (Vol. 3).

[57] Zulkifli I, Che Norma MT, Chong CH, Loh TC (2001) The effects of crating and road transportation on stress and fear responses of broiler chickens treated with ascorbic acid. Arch. Geflugelk. 65:33–37.

[58] Zulkifli I, Norbaiyah B, Cheah YW, Soleiman AF, Sazili AQ, Rajion MA, Goh YM (2010) Physiological Responses in Goats Subjected to Road Transportation under the Hot, Humid Tropical Conditions. Int. J. Ag. & Bio. 12:840–844.

Abstract

References

How to cite