Prevalence of haemoprotozoan parasites of dogs presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Jos - Nigeria

Godreign Changwak  Vonkur; Abraham Goni Dogo; Bi-Allah Markus Bukar; Gloria Pisha Karaye; Kenneth Ewere Ogbein; Matthew James Odey

doi:10.31893/avr.2023002

Keywords:

Abstract

Haemoprotozoan parasites have been a major health challenge in animals and are known to affect the blood vascular system resulting in various diseases. The present study investigated the prevalence of haemoprotozoan parasites in dogs at the veterinary teaching hospital, university of Jos, and the risk factors associated with their occurrence. One hundred ninety dogs were sampled at the University of Jos, Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) within three months (May 2021-July, 2021) and Giemsa stained blood smears including Buffy coat, thin and thin and thick blood smears, were observed. The dogs screened were more females than males between ages <1, 1-3, and >3 years. Russian Shepherd breed of dogs were mostly presented as compared to other breeds. A total of 103 dogs were discovered to be infected with haemoprotozoan parasites and had a prevalence of 54.21%. Haemoprotozoan parasites discovered from this study include Babesia spp., Ehrlichia spp., and Mycoplasma spp. (Haemobartonella canis), with prevalence of 22.11%, 11.05%, 6.32% respectively. Some of the dogs sampled were discovered to have mixed haermoprotozoan parasitic infections, and a prevalence of 14.74% was calculated. Haemoprotozoan parasites were also discovered to be more prevalent in female dogs, with a value of 54.47%, in the Bull mastiff breed of dogs, with a value of 66.7%, and in age range > 3 years, had a value of 30.7%. The various risk factors, including age, sex, and breed, were measured using the Chi-square test and revealed age to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). In contrast, sex and breed were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The result from this study showed that haemoprotozoan parasites are detectable among dogs presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) university of Jos and hence, the need to raise awareness on the prevention and control of haemoprotozoan parasitic infections in dogs due to possible threat to animal and human health in the study area.
References
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2. Adamu NB, Adamu JY, Salisu L (2012) Prevalence of ecto- endo- and hemoparasites in slaughtered dogs in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Revue de MedecineVeterinaire 163:178-182.
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6. Ehimiyein AM, Maishanu DD, Ehimiyein IO (2018) Prevalence of gastrointestinal and haemoparasites in hunting dogs in Zaria, Nigeria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 16:55-60.
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8. Jalali MHR, Mosallanejad B, Avizeh R, Alborzi AR, Nejat HH, Taghipour R (2013) Babesia infection in urban and rural dogs in Ahvaz district, Southwest of Iran. Archives of Razi Institute 68:37-42.
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10. Kamani J, Lee CC, Haruna AM, Ping-Jun, Chung P-J, Weka PR, Chung Y-T (2013) First detection and molecular characterization of Ehrlichia canis from dogs in Nigeria. Research of Veterinary Sciences 94:27-32.
11. Kamani J, Weka PR, Gbise, SD (2011) Parasitic causes of anaemia in dogs in Vom, Nigeria. International Journal for Agro Verterinary and Medical Sciences 5:283- 289.
12. Momoh HA, Ijale GA, Ajogi I, Okolocha EC (2015) Risk factors and level of awareness of canine brucellosis in Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria. Journal of veterinary medicine and animal health 7:39-44.
13. Nwoha RIO, Daniel-Igwe G, Onuekwusi GC, Onyeabor A, Igwe KC, Okah U (2013) Incidences of haemoparasites of dogs in Ikwuano local government area Abia state. Journal of veterinary science and technology 4:141. doi: 10.4172/2157-7579.1000141
14. Oguche M, Barde I, Olabode M, Anjili W, Haruna V, Apeh D, Mark S, Mafulul J, Wujat K (2020) Prevalence of Canine Babesiosis in Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State. Open Access Library Journal 7:1-8. doi: 10.4236/oalib.1106401.
15. Opara MN, Adewumi TS, Mohammed BR, Obeta SS, Simon MK, Jegede OC, Agbede RIS (2017) Investigations on the Haemoprotozoan Parasites of Nigerian Local Breed of Dogs in Gwagwalada Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Nigeria. Research Journal of Parasitology 12:1-7.
16. Otranto D, Dantas-Torres F, Breitschwerdt DP (2009) Managing canine vector borne disease of zoonotic concern. Trends in Parasitology 25:157-163.
17. Pam VA, Igeh CP, Hassan AD, Udokaninyene SY, Kemza SI, Bata KI, Ogbu LN (2013) Prevalence of hemo and gastrointestinal parasites in dogs in Vom, Jos south local government, Plateau state. Journal of veterinary medicine 3:74-8.
18. Pam VA, Ogbu KI, Akinyera AO, Gullek JF, Okoro J (2015) Investigation on theprevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in local and exotic dogs in Jos South local government area of Plateau state Nigeria. International research journal of public and environmental health 2:56-60.
19. Peter HD, Odetokun IA, Akintola OO,Elelu N (2019) Prevalence of ticks and haemoparasitic infections in dogs presented at the University of Ilorin Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Savannah Veterinary Journal 2:31-36.
20. Phuyal S, Jha V, Subedi M (2017) Prevalence of Blood Parasites in Dogs of Kathmandu Valley. Nepalese Veterinary Journal 34:107–112. doi: 10.3126/nvj.v34i0.22909
21. Stuen S (2020) Haemoparasites- challenging and wasting infections in small ruminants: A review. Animals 10:2179.
22. Subedi S (2009) Prevalence of Blood Domesticated Parasites in Hyperthermic dogs of Kathmandu valley (Unpublished bachelor's thesis). Purbanchal University.
23. Ugochukwu EI, Ejimadu KN (1985) Studies on the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths of dogs in Calabar, Nigeria. International Journal of Zoonoses 12:214–218.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to cite

Vonkur, G. C. ., Dogo, A. G., Bukar, B.-A. M., Karaye, G. P., Ogbein, K. E., & Odey, M. J. (2022). Prevalence of haemoprotozoan parasites of dogs presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Jos - Nigeria. Applied Veterinary Research, 2(1), 2023002. https://doi.org/10.31893/avr.2023002

[1] Adamu M, Dzever SN, Ikurior SJ (2017) Haemoparasites of dogs in Markurdi and associated risk factors. Nigerian journal of parasitology 38:253-257.

[2] Adamu NB, Adamu JY, Salisu L (2012) Prevalence of ecto- endo- and hemoparasites in slaughtered dogs in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Revue de MedecineVeterinaire 163:178-182.

[3] Anise NH, Angela JT, Ugwu CA, Christine AP, Jane ES (2018) Detection and identification of blood-borne infections in dogs in Nigeria using light microscopy and the polymerase chain reaction. Veterinary parasitology: Regional studies and Reports 11:55-60.

[4] Bolajoko M, Ahmed MS, Okewole PA, Kumbish P, Muhammad M, Fyfe J (2016) Prevalence and Demographic Distribution of Canine Rabies In Plateau State, Nigeria, 2004 – 2009. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa 64:127-136.

[5] Cheesebrough M (2006) District laboratory practice in tropical countries, part 2 second edition Cambridge university press, United Kingdom, pp. 149-154.

[6] Ehimiyein AM, Maishanu DD, Ehimiyein IO (2018) Prevalence of gastrointestinal and haemoparasites in hunting dogs in Zaria, Nigeria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 16:55-60.

[7] Ezema KU, Mustapha M, Audu Y, Malgwi SA (2021) Prevalence of haemoparasites of dogs in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Journal of sustainable veterinary and allied sciences 1:47-51.

[8] Jalali MHR, Mosallanejad B, Avizeh R, Alborzi AR, Nejat HH, Taghipour R (2013) Babesia infection in urban and rural dogs in Ahvaz district, Southwest of Iran. Archives of Razi Institute 68:37-42.

[9] Kamani J, Baneth G, Mumcuoglu KY, Waziri NE, Eyal O, Guthmann Y, Harrus S (2013) Molecular detection and characterization of tick-borne pathogens in dogs and ticks from Nigeria. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases e2108.

[10] Kamani J, Lee CC, Haruna AM, Ping-Jun, Chung P-J, Weka PR, Chung Y-T (2013) First detection and molecular characterization of Ehrlichia canis from dogs in Nigeria. Research of Veterinary Sciences 94:27-32.

[11] Kamani J, Weka PR, Gbise, SD (2011) Parasitic causes of anaemia in dogs in Vom, Nigeria. International Journal for Agro Verterinary and Medical Sciences 5:283- 289.

[12] Momoh HA, Ijale GA, Ajogi I, Okolocha EC (2015) Risk factors and level of awareness of canine brucellosis in Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria. Journal of veterinary medicine and animal health 7:39-44.

[13] Nwoha RIO, Daniel-Igwe G, Onuekwusi GC, Onyeabor A, Igwe KC, Okah U (2013) Incidences of haemoparasites of dogs in Ikwuano local government area Abia state. Journal of veterinary science and technology 4:141. doi: 10.4172/2157-7579.1000141

[14] Oguche M, Barde I, Olabode M, Anjili W, Haruna V, Apeh D, Mark S, Mafulul J, Wujat K (2020) Prevalence of Canine Babesiosis in Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State. Open Access Library Journal 7:1-8. doi: 10.4236/oalib.1106401.

[15] Opara MN, Adewumi TS, Mohammed BR, Obeta SS, Simon MK, Jegede OC, Agbede RIS (2017) Investigations on the Haemoprotozoan Parasites of Nigerian Local Breed of Dogs in Gwagwalada Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Nigeria. Research Journal of Parasitology 12:1-7.

[16] Otranto D, Dantas-Torres F, Breitschwerdt DP (2009) Managing canine vector borne disease of zoonotic concern. Trends in Parasitology 25:157-163.

[17] Pam VA, Igeh CP, Hassan AD, Udokaninyene SY, Kemza SI, Bata KI, Ogbu LN (2013) Prevalence of hemo and gastrointestinal parasites in dogs in Vom, Jos south local government, Plateau state. Journal of veterinary medicine 3:74-8.

[18] Pam VA, Ogbu KI, Akinyera AO, Gullek JF, Okoro J (2015) Investigation on theprevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in local and exotic dogs in Jos South local government area of Plateau state Nigeria. International research journal of public and environmental health 2:56-60.

[19] Peter HD, Odetokun IA, Akintola OO,Elelu N (2019) Prevalence of ticks and haemoparasitic infections in dogs presented at the University of Ilorin Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Savannah Veterinary Journal 2:31-36.

[20] Phuyal S, Jha V, Subedi M (2017) Prevalence of Blood Parasites in Dogs of Kathmandu Valley. Nepalese Veterinary Journal 34:107–112. doi: 10.3126/nvj.v34i0.22909

[21] Stuen S (2020) Haemoparasites- challenging and wasting infections in small ruminants: A review. Animals 10:2179.

[22] Subedi S (2009) Prevalence of Blood Domesticated Parasites in Hyperthermic dogs of Kathmandu valley (Unpublished bachelor's thesis). Purbanchal University.

[23] Ugochukwu EI, Ejimadu KN (1985) Studies on the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths of dogs in Calabar, Nigeria. International Journal of Zoonoses 12:214–218.

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References

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