A mini-review on antimycoplasma antibiotics

Oveas Rafiq Parray; Izhar Ul Haq; Amatul Muhee; Muzaffar Shaheen; Mohammad Iqbal Yatoo

doi:10.31893/avr.2022002

Keywords:

Abstract

Antimycoplasma drugs paved the way for the treatment of mycoplasma infections even before the vaccines were developed. Macrolides, tetracyclines, or aminoglycosides were being used for long, incorporating quinolones in the newer regimes. Former drug classes target protein synthesis, whereas the latter one targets DNA synthesis. These drugs proved quite effective and helped minimize severity and loss to farmers. However, prolonged use of antibiotics may have serious concerns of drug resistance, side effects, and drug residues in food animal products. In addition, despite treating mycoplasma infection, some drugs create a carrier state of infection that can spread the infection without being recognized. Hence, novel alternate therapeutics need to be explored to overcome these limitations whilst checking the antibiotic resistance with regular antibiotic sensitivity tests, which need to be standardized for different mycoplasma. Future therapeutics are needed under the prevailing situations of emerging and transboundary spread of mycoplasma infections.
References
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2. Arjoon AV, Saylor CV, May M (2012) In Vitro efficacy of antimicrobial extracts against the atypical ruminant pathogen Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri. BMC complementary and alternative medicine 12:1-6.
3. Balikci E, Kizil O, Karapinar T, Karahan M, Ozdemir H, Dabak, M (2008) Efficacy of marbofloxacin for naturally occurring contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. Small Ruminant Research 77:75-79.
4. Benedetti F, Curreli S, Zella, D (2020) Mycoplasmas-Host Interaction: Mechanisms of Inflammation and Association with Cellular Transformation. Microorganisms 4:1351.
5. Bradshaw CS, Jensen JS, Waites KB, (2017) New horizons in Mycoplasma genitalium treatment. The Journal of infectious diseases 216:412-419.
6. Chosa H, Toda M, Okubo S, Hara Y, Shimamura TJJA (1992) Antimicrobial and microbicidal activities of tea and catechins against Mycoplasma. Kansenshogakuzasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases 66:606-611.
7. `Cross R, Ling C, Day NP, McGready R, Paris DH (2016) Revisiting doxycycline in pregnancy and early childhood--time to rebuild its reputation? Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 15:367-82.
8. DaMassa AJ, Patricia S, Wakenell DL, Brooks (1992) Mycoplasmas of goats and sheep. Journal of Veterinary Diagnosis and Investigation 4:101-113.
9. Dong-Ya M, Chang-Jian S, Jing-Bo Y, Jun, M, Wen-Cheng X (2014) Molecular mechanism of fluoroquinolones resistance in Mycoplasma hominis clinical isolates. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 45:239-242.
10. Durukan D, Read TR, Murray G, Doyle M, Chow EP, Vodstrcil LA, Bradshaw CS (2020) Resistance guided antimicrobial therapy using doxycycline- moxifloxacin and dixycycline-2.5g azithromycin for thr treatment of mycoplasma genitalium infection: Efficacy and Tolerability. Clinical infectious diseases 71:1461-1468.
11. El Nasri M (1964) The effect of tylosin against experimental and natural infection with mycoplasma in goats. Veterinary Record 76:876-877.
12. Fair RJ, Tor, Y (2014) Antibiotics and bacterial resistance in the 21st century. Perspectives in Medicinal Chemistry 6:25-64.
13. Falk L, Fredlund H, Jensen JS (2003) Tetracycline treatment does not eradicate Mycoplasma genitalium. Sexually transmitted infections 79:318-319.
14. Falowo AB, Akimoladun OF (2019) Veterinary Drug Residues in Meat and Meat Products: Occurrence, Detection and Implications, Veterinary Medicine and Pharmaceuticals, Samuel Oppong Bekoe, Mani Saravanan, Reimmel Kwame Adosraku and PK Ramkumar. IntechOpen. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.83616.
15. Fassi Fehri L, Wróblewski H, Blanchard A, (2007) Activities of antimicrobial peptides and synergy with enrofloxacin against Mycoplasma pulmonis. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 51:468-474.
16. Fischer A, Shapiro B, Muriuki C, Heller M, Schnee C, Bongcam-Rudloff E, Vilei EM, Frey J, Jores J (2012) The origin of the 'Mycoplasma mycoides cluster' coincides with domestication of ruminants. Plos One 7:36150.
17. Garmyn A, Vereecken M, Degussem K, Depondt W, Haesebrouck F, Martel A (2017) Efficacy of tiamulin alone or in combination with chlortetracycline against experimental Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. Poultry Science 96:3367-3374.
18. Gautier-Bouchardon AV (2018) Antimicrobial resistance in Mycoplasma spp. Microbiology spectrum 6:6-4.
19. Gautier-Bouchardon AV (2018) Antimicrobial Resistance in Mycoplasma spp. Microbiology Spectrum 6:4.
20. Gómez-Martín A, Amores J, Paterna A, De laFeC (2013) Contagious agalactia due to Mycoplasma spp. in small dairy ruminants: epidemiology and prospects for diagnosis and control. Veterinary Journal 198:48-56.
21. Gong YD, Wang XW (2008) Medicines Control to Contagious Capri-pleuropneumonia in Wuling Mountain Area. Journal of Economic Animal 2.
22. Gourlay RN (1981) Mycoplasma-induced arthritis in farm animals. Israel Journal of Medical Science 17:626-7.
23. Hannan PCT, Windsor HM, Ripley PH (1997) In vitro susceptibilities of recent field isolates of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae to valnemulin (Econor®), tiamulin and enrofloxacin and the in vitro development of resistance to certain antimicrobial agents in Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Research in veterinary science 63:157-160.
24. Hoelzle K, Ade J, Hoelzle LE 2020. Persistence in Livestock Mycoplasmas—a Key Role in Infection and Pathogenesis. Current Clinical Microbiology Reports 7:81–89.
25. Ishida K, Kaku M, Irifune K, Mizukane R, Takemura H, Yoshida R, Tanaka H, Usui T, Suyama N, Tomono K (1994) In vitro and in vivo activities of macrolides against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 38:790-8.
26. Jensen JS, Paukner S (2017) Lefamulin is highly active in vitro against multi-drug resistant mycoplasma genitalium strains. In 27th European Clinical Congress on Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Vienna, Austria.
27. Lee KY, Lee HS, Hong JH, Lee MH, Lee JS, Burgner D, Lee BC (2006) Role of prednisolone treatment in severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. Pediatric pulmonology 41:263-268.
28. Lee N (2009) Characterization of an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport system involved in nucleoside uptake in Mycoplasma bovis strain M23, and discovery of its pathogenicity genes" Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 10807.
29. Li BB, Shen JZ, Cao XY, Wang Y, Dai L, Huang SY, Wu CM (2010) Mutations in 23S rRNA gene associated with decreased susceptibility to tiamulin and valnemulin in Mycoplasma gallisepticum. FEMS microbiology letters 308:144-149.
30. Lo WS, Gasparich GE, Kuo CH (2018) Convergent Evolution among Ruminant-Pathog, enic Mycoplasma Involved Extensive Gene Content Changes. Genome Biology Evolution 10:2130-2139.
31. Malik Z, Hanania J, Nitzan Y (1990) New trends in photobiology bactericidal effects of photoactivated porphyrins—An alternative approach to antimicrobial drugs. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 5:281-293.
32. Nicholas RA, Ayling RD, McAuliffe L (2009) Vaccines for Mycoplasma diseases in animals and man. Journal of Comparative Pathology 140:85-96.
33. Ozdemir U, Loria GR, Godinho KS, Samson R, Rowan TG, Churchward C, Nicholas RAJ (2006). Effect of danofloxacin (Advocin A180) on goats affected with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. Tropical animal health and production 38:533-540.
34. Patel K, Goldman JL (2016) Safety Concerns Surrounding Quinolone Use in Children. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 56:1060-75.
35. Pereyre S, Gonzalez P, De Barbeyrac B, Darnige A, Renaudin H, Charron A, Bébéar CM (2002) Mutations in 23S rRNA account for intrinsic resistance to macrolides in Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma fermentans and for acquired resistance to macrolides in M. hominis. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 46(10):3142-3150.
36. Rana MS, Lee SY, Kang HJ, Hur SJ (2019) Reducing Veterinary Drug Residues in Animal Products: A Review. Food Science of Animal Resources 39:687-703.
37. Razin S (1996) Mycoplasmas. In: Baron S, editor. Medical Microbiology. 4th edition. Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston 37. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7637/
38. Razin S, Yogev D, Naot Y (1998) Molecular biology and pathogenicity of mycoplasmas. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 62:1094-156.
39. Rodriguez JL, DaMassa AJ, Brooks DL (1996) Caprine abortion following exposure to Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 8:492-494.
40. Rurangirwa FR, Masiga WN, Muriu DN, Muthomi E, Mulira G, Kagumba M, Nandokha E (1981). Treatment of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. Tropical animal health and production 13:177-182.
41. Selimoglu E (2007) Aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity. Current Pharmaceutical Design 13:119-26
42. Sethi S, Zaman K, Jain N (2017) Mycoplasma genitalium infections: current treatment options and resistance issues. Infection and Drug Resistance 1:283-292.
43. Shah MK, Saddique U, Ahmad S, Hayat Y, ur Rahman S, Hassan MF, Ali T (2017) Isolation rate and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri field isolates from sheep and goats in Pakistan. Small Ruminant Research 153:118-122.
44. Taylor-Robinson D, Bebear C (1997) Antibiotic susceptibilities of mycoplasmas and treatment of mycoplasmal infections. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 40:622-630.
45. Teshome D, Sori T (2021) Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia: A review. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health 13:132-143.
46. Ullah H, Ali S (2017) Classification of Anti‐Bacterial Agents and Their Functions In Antibacterial Agents by Ranjith Kumavath. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.68695.
47. Ventola CL (2015) The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats. P T. 40:277-83.
48. Yatoo MI, Parray OR, Mir MS, Qureshi S, Amin Z, Kashoo MN, Fazilli MUR, Tufani NA, Sing M, Kanwar SC, Dhama K 2018. Mycoplasmosis in small ruminants in India: a review. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 6:264.281.
49. Yokota T (1997) Kinds of antimicrobial agents and their mode of actions. Nihon Rinsho 55:1155-60.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to cite

Parray, O. R., Haq, I. U., Muhee, A., Shaheen, M., & Yatoo, M. I. (2022). A mini-review on antimycoplasma antibiotics. Applied Veterinary Research, 1(1), 2022002. https://doi.org/10.31893/avr.2022002

[1] Al-Momani W, Abu-Basha E, Janakat S, Nicholas RAJ, Ayling RD (2007) In vitro antimycoplasmal activity of six Jordanian medicinal plants against three Mycoplasma species. Tropical animal health and production 39:515-519.

[2] Arjoon AV, Saylor CV, May M (2012) In Vitro efficacy of antimicrobial extracts against the atypical ruminant pathogen Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri. BMC complementary and alternative medicine 12:1-6.

[3] Balikci E, Kizil O, Karapinar T, Karahan M, Ozdemir H, Dabak, M (2008) Efficacy of marbofloxacin for naturally occurring contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. Small Ruminant Research 77:75-79.

[4] Benedetti F, Curreli S, Zella, D (2020) Mycoplasmas-Host Interaction: Mechanisms of Inflammation and Association with Cellular Transformation. Microorganisms 4:1351.

[5] Bradshaw CS, Jensen JS, Waites KB, (2017) New horizons in Mycoplasma genitalium treatment. The Journal of infectious diseases 216:412-419.

[6] Chosa H, Toda M, Okubo S, Hara Y, Shimamura TJJA (1992) Antimicrobial and microbicidal activities of tea and catechins against Mycoplasma. Kansenshogakuzasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases 66:606-611.

[7] `Cross R, Ling C, Day NP, McGready R, Paris DH (2016) Revisiting doxycycline in pregnancy and early childhood--time to rebuild its reputation? Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 15:367-82.

[8] DaMassa AJ, Patricia S, Wakenell DL, Brooks (1992) Mycoplasmas of goats and sheep. Journal of Veterinary Diagnosis and Investigation 4:101-113.

[9] Dong-Ya M, Chang-Jian S, Jing-Bo Y, Jun, M, Wen-Cheng X (2014) Molecular mechanism of fluoroquinolones resistance in Mycoplasma hominis clinical isolates. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 45:239-242.

[10] Durukan D, Read TR, Murray G, Doyle M, Chow EP, Vodstrcil LA, Bradshaw CS (2020) Resistance guided antimicrobial therapy using doxycycline- moxifloxacin and dixycycline-2.5g azithromycin for thr treatment of mycoplasma genitalium infection: Efficacy and Tolerability. Clinical infectious diseases 71:1461-1468.

[11] El Nasri M (1964) The effect of tylosin against experimental and natural infection with mycoplasma in goats. Veterinary Record 76:876-877.

[12] Fair RJ, Tor, Y (2014) Antibiotics and bacterial resistance in the 21st century. Perspectives in Medicinal Chemistry 6:25-64.

[13] Falk L, Fredlund H, Jensen JS (2003) Tetracycline treatment does not eradicate Mycoplasma genitalium. Sexually transmitted infections 79:318-319.

[14] Falowo AB, Akimoladun OF (2019) Veterinary Drug Residues in Meat and Meat Products: Occurrence, Detection and Implications, Veterinary Medicine and Pharmaceuticals, Samuel Oppong Bekoe, Mani Saravanan, Reimmel Kwame Adosraku and PK Ramkumar. IntechOpen. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.83616.

[15] Fassi Fehri L, Wróblewski H, Blanchard A, (2007) Activities of antimicrobial peptides and synergy with enrofloxacin against Mycoplasma pulmonis. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 51:468-474.

[16] Fischer A, Shapiro B, Muriuki C, Heller M, Schnee C, Bongcam-Rudloff E, Vilei EM, Frey J, Jores J (2012) The origin of the 'Mycoplasma mycoides cluster' coincides with domestication of ruminants. Plos One 7:36150.

[17] Garmyn A, Vereecken M, Degussem K, Depondt W, Haesebrouck F, Martel A (2017) Efficacy of tiamulin alone or in combination with chlortetracycline against experimental Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. Poultry Science 96:3367-3374.

[18] Gautier-Bouchardon AV (2018) Antimicrobial resistance in Mycoplasma spp. Microbiology spectrum 6:6-4.

[19] Gautier-Bouchardon AV (2018) Antimicrobial Resistance in Mycoplasma spp. Microbiology Spectrum 6:4.

[20] Gómez-Martín A, Amores J, Paterna A, De laFeC (2013) Contagious agalactia due to Mycoplasma spp. in small dairy ruminants: epidemiology and prospects for diagnosis and control. Veterinary Journal 198:48-56.

[21] Gong YD, Wang XW (2008) Medicines Control to Contagious Capri-pleuropneumonia in Wuling Mountain Area. Journal of Economic Animal 2.

[22] Gourlay RN (1981) Mycoplasma-induced arthritis in farm animals. Israel Journal of Medical Science 17:626-7.

[23] Hannan PCT, Windsor HM, Ripley PH (1997) In vitro susceptibilities of recent field isolates of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae to valnemulin (Econor®), tiamulin and enrofloxacin and the in vitro development of resistance to certain antimicrobial agents in Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Research in veterinary science 63:157-160.

[24] Hoelzle K, Ade J, Hoelzle LE 2020. Persistence in Livestock Mycoplasmas—a Key Role in Infection and Pathogenesis. Current Clinical Microbiology Reports 7:81–89.

[25] Ishida K, Kaku M, Irifune K, Mizukane R, Takemura H, Yoshida R, Tanaka H, Usui T, Suyama N, Tomono K (1994) In vitro and in vivo activities of macrolides against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 38:790-8.

[26] Jensen JS, Paukner S (2017) Lefamulin is highly active in vitro against multi-drug resistant mycoplasma genitalium strains. In 27th European Clinical Congress on Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Vienna, Austria.

[27] Lee KY, Lee HS, Hong JH, Lee MH, Lee JS, Burgner D, Lee BC (2006) Role of prednisolone treatment in severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. Pediatric pulmonology 41:263-268.

[28] Lee N (2009) Characterization of an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport system involved in nucleoside uptake in Mycoplasma bovis strain M23, and discovery of its pathogenicity genes" Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 10807.

[29] Li BB, Shen JZ, Cao XY, Wang Y, Dai L, Huang SY, Wu CM (2010) Mutations in 23S rRNA gene associated with decreased susceptibility to tiamulin and valnemulin in Mycoplasma gallisepticum. FEMS microbiology letters 308:144-149.

[30] Lo WS, Gasparich GE, Kuo CH (2018) Convergent Evolution among Ruminant-Pathog, enic Mycoplasma Involved Extensive Gene Content Changes. Genome Biology Evolution 10:2130-2139.

[31] Malik Z, Hanania J, Nitzan Y (1990) New trends in photobiology bactericidal effects of photoactivated porphyrins—An alternative approach to antimicrobial drugs. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 5:281-293.

[32] Nicholas RA, Ayling RD, McAuliffe L (2009) Vaccines for Mycoplasma diseases in animals and man. Journal of Comparative Pathology 140:85-96.

[33] Ozdemir U, Loria GR, Godinho KS, Samson R, Rowan TG, Churchward C, Nicholas RAJ (2006). Effect of danofloxacin (Advocin A180) on goats affected with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. Tropical animal health and production 38:533-540.

[34] Patel K, Goldman JL (2016) Safety Concerns Surrounding Quinolone Use in Children. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 56:1060-75.

[35] Pereyre S, Gonzalez P, De Barbeyrac B, Darnige A, Renaudin H, Charron A, Bébéar CM (2002) Mutations in 23S rRNA account for intrinsic resistance to macrolides in Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma fermentans and for acquired resistance to macrolides in M. hominis. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 46(10):3142-3150.

[36] Rana MS, Lee SY, Kang HJ, Hur SJ (2019) Reducing Veterinary Drug Residues in Animal Products: A Review. Food Science of Animal Resources 39:687-703.

[37] Razin S (1996) Mycoplasmas. In: Baron S, editor. Medical Microbiology. 4th edition. Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston 37. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7637/

[38] Razin S, Yogev D, Naot Y (1998) Molecular biology and pathogenicity of mycoplasmas. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 62:1094-156.

[39] Rodriguez JL, DaMassa AJ, Brooks DL (1996) Caprine abortion following exposure to Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 8:492-494.

[40] Rurangirwa FR, Masiga WN, Muriu DN, Muthomi E, Mulira G, Kagumba M, Nandokha E (1981). Treatment of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. Tropical animal health and production 13:177-182.

[41] Selimoglu E (2007) Aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity. Current Pharmaceutical Design 13:119-26

[42] Sethi S, Zaman K, Jain N (2017) Mycoplasma genitalium infections: current treatment options and resistance issues. Infection and Drug Resistance 1:283-292.

[43] Shah MK, Saddique U, Ahmad S, Hayat Y, ur Rahman S, Hassan MF, Ali T (2017) Isolation rate and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri field isolates from sheep and goats in Pakistan. Small Ruminant Research 153:118-122.

[44] Taylor-Robinson D, Bebear C (1997) Antibiotic susceptibilities of mycoplasmas and treatment of mycoplasmal infections. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 40:622-630.

[45] Teshome D, Sori T (2021) Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia: A review. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health 13:132-143.

[46] Ullah H, Ali S (2017) Classification of Anti‐Bacterial Agents and Their Functions In Antibacterial Agents by Ranjith Kumavath. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.68695.

[47] Ventola CL (2015) The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats. P T. 40:277-83.

[48] Yatoo MI, Parray OR, Mir MS, Qureshi S, Amin Z, Kashoo MN, Fazilli MUR, Tufani NA, Sing M, Kanwar SC, Dhama K 2018. Mycoplasmosis in small ruminants in India: a review. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 6:264.281.

[49] Yokota T (1997) Kinds of antimicrobial agents and their mode of actions. Nihon Rinsho 55:1155-60.

Abstract

References

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